Abstract:
:Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction describes the narrowing of the airway that occurs with exercise. More than 10 percent of the general population and up to 90 percent of persons previously diagnosed with asthma have exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Common symptoms include coughing, wheezing, and chest tightness with exercise; however, many athletes will present with nonspecific symptoms, such as fatigue and impaired performance. Spirometry should be performed initially to evaluate for underlying chronic asthma, although results are often normal. An empiric trial of short-acting beta₂ agonists or additional bronchial provocation testing may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis. Nonpharmacologic treatment options include avoiding known triggers, choosing sports with low minute ventilation, warming up before exercising, and wearing a heat exchange mask in cold weather. Short-acting beta₂ agonists are recommended first-line agents for pharmacologic treatment, although leukotriene receptor antagonists or inhaled corticosteroids with or without long-acting beta₂ agonists may be needed in refractory cases. If symptoms persist despite treatment, alternative diagnoses such as cardiac or other pulmonary etiologies, vocal cord dysfunction, or anxiety should be considered.
journal_name
Am Fam Physicianjournal_title
American family physicianauthors
Krafczyk MA,Asplund CAsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-08-15 00:00:00pages
427-34issue
4eissn
0002-838Xissn
1532-0650pii
d8939journal_volume
84pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Garlic has long been used medicinally, most recently for its cardiovascular, antineoplastic, and antimicrobial properties. Sulfur compounds, including allicin, appear to be the active components in the root bulb of the garlic plant. Studies show significant but modest lipid-lowering effects and antiplatelet activity. ...
journal_title:American family physician
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doi:
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American family physician
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journal_title:American family physician
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journal_title:American family physician
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journal_title:American family physician
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journal_title:American family physician
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doi:
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journal_title:American family physician
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doi:
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journal_title:American family physician
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journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
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journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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abstract::Joint and soft tissue injection of the ankle and foot region is a useful diagnostic and therapeutic tool for the family physician. This article reviews the injection procedure for the plantar fascia, ankle joint, tarsal tunnel, interdigital space, and first metatarsophalangeal joint. Indications for plantar fascia inj...
journal_title:American family physician
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更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American family physician
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doi:
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1983-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::External hemorrhoids represent distended vascular tissue in the anal canal distal to the dentate line. Persons with thrombosed external hemorrhoids usually present with pain on standing, sitting or defecating. Acutely tender, thrombosed external hemorrhoids can be surgically removed if encountered within the first 72 ...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2002-04-15 00:00:00
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journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1985-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
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journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
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journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
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journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American family physician
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journal_title:American family physician
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journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
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journal_title:American family physician
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doi:
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