Abstract：
:Hospitals present a variety of infectious, chemical and physical hazards to their workers. Important pathogens include AIDS, hepatitis B and rubella viruses and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Ethylene oxide is probably the greatest chemical hazard, but anesthetic gases, antineoplastic drugs and skin irritants or sensitizers are significant hazards as well. Hospitals also have poor safety records. A well-organized occupational health service that includes a physician, or a nurse with medical backup, and good records saves more than it costs.
journal_name
Am Fam Physicianjournal_title
American family physicianauthors
Guidotti TLsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1987-02-01 00:00:00pages
137-42issue
2eissn
0002-838Xissn
1532-0650journal_volume
35pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Two large kindreds manifesting the "cancer family syndrome" have been studied. Genetic and biologic studies reveal markers which have important implications for cancer detection, control and prevention. Valuable markers may be found in the major histocompatibility system, HL-A. The presence of carcinoembryonic antigen...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1975-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Each year physicians must decide which of the thousands of newly published articles they will take time to read. To determine which articles are the most clinically useful, physicians should assess their relevance, validity, and clinical importance. Using these criteria can drastically decrease the number of articles ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2009-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Spinal cord compression from metastatic cancer is a medical emergency. Prompt intervention affords the best chance for successful recovery, while delay may result in devastating neurologic impairment. In the appropriate clinical setting, emergency myelography should be done to confirm the diagnosis of metastatic disea...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1983-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) has issued recommendations on behavioral counseling to prevent sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and recommendations about screening for individual STIs. Clinicians should obtain a sexual history to assess for behaviors that increase a patient's risk. Community and...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hearing loss is a common problem that can occur at any age and makes verbal communication difficult. The ear is divided anatomically into three sections (external, middle, and inner), and pathology contributing to hearing loss may strike one or more sections. Hearing loss can be categorized as conductive, sensorineura...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2003-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Although the role of digoxin therapy has been the subject of debate, the drug is generally accepted as effective in the treatment of heart failure due to systolic dysfunction and as therapy for atrial fibrillation and supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. Serum digoxin concentrations are commonly used to gauge patient re...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Myasthenia gravis is a disorder that most commonly affects young adults but occasionally appears in the elderly. Muscle weakness and easy fatigability, particularly of the ocular muscles, are characteristic. Diagnosis is confirmed by electromyography and the edrophonium (Tensilon) test. The pathology results from inab...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1978-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Transdermal nicotine systems are a useful adjunct to smoking cessation. The larger-sized nicotine patches provide steady-state replacement of approximately 50 percent of the average serum nicotine level obtained by smoking one to one and one-half packs of cigarettes a day. This level is sufficient to prevent many symp...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Patients with myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism can now reduce or eliminate their dependence on contact lenses and eyeglasses through refractive surgery that includes radial keratotomy (RK), photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK), laser thermal keratoplasty (LTK) and intrastro...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Patients who have been or may have been bitten by a snake should receive prompt and careful clinical and laboratory evaluation. Fang marks, pain and swelling are characteristic of pit viper envenomation. Although no therapy is universally accepted, a number of treatment plans appear to be effective. If envenomation ha...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hearing conservation programs have not kept pace with changes in the workplace and in the work force. Heavy industry and noisy factories have yielded to quiet computers and high technology. Chemicals, self-administered or prescribed, may replace noise as a chief source of hearing loss. The aging working population and...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1988-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Most commonly, constipation in the infant is functional, with increased tone of colonic smooth muscle. Hirschsprung's disease is the best known of the infrequent organic causes. Treatment includes reassurance of parents, use of sugars, fluids and bulk and care of fissures. Voluntary stool withholding occurs in older c...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1976-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Streptomycin is still the treatment of choice for tularemia and plague, and is effective in a few other diseases. Neomycin is used primarily as a topical agent. The other aminoglycoside antibiotics are indicated in serious infections caused by the gram-negative enterobacteria and, except for kanamycin, are also effect...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1980-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Prisoners in U.S. correctional facilities constitute a unique patient population in need of health services. Physicians who provide medical services to inmates also must interact with prison officials. Drug withdrawal, self-destructive behavior and infectious diseases, including acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, are...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1988-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tricyclic antidepressants have anticholinergic, adrenolytic and quinidine-like activity. These actions result in a variety of cardiac and blood pressure effects. Tricyclic antidepressants can reverse the antihypertensive effect of guanethidine and clonidine. Orthostatic hypotension may be increased with diuretics and ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1979-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Coronary angioplasty is an accepted method of revascularization in selected patients with coronary artery disease. Immediately after a successful angioplasty, initial management concentrates on the detection and treatment of coronary artery spasm and acute vessel closure, should these complications occur. Once the pat...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The prevalence of childhood obesity in the United States has risen dramatically in the past several decades. Although 25 to 30 percent of children are affected, this condition is underdiagnosed and undertreated. Hormonal and genetic factors are rarely the cause of childhood obesity; unnecessary diagnostic evaluations ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1999-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Myocardial perfusion imaging with stress testing by exercise or pharmacologic methods and functional evaluation of the left ventricle are useful in many patients. Uses include determination of diagnosis and prognosis of patients with coronary artery disease, preoperative evaluation, management and risk stratification ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pretibial myxedema is a localized dermopathy seen in patients with past or present hyperthyroidism. Massive intradermal deposition of mucin (acid mucopolysaccharide) produces the classic indurated nodules or plaques on the anterior lower legs. Most patients have elevated levels of LATS in their serum; however, this ap...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The principal means of evaluating perimenopausal bleeding is endometrial biopsy performed in the office. With the rising incidence of endometrial cancer, an accurate diagnosis is imperative. Outpatient endometrial biopsy is well accepted by patients, provides ample tissue for histologic examination and has good diagno...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1986-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The term "shoulder instability" constitutes a spectrum of disorders that includes dislocation, subluxation and laxity. Anterior instability is the most common form of glenohumeral instability and may be associated with nerve injury. The diagnosis of anterior, posterior or multidirectional instability is based on a tho...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1999-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Although testicular cancer accounts for only 1 percent of all tumors in males, it is the most common malignancy in males between 15 and 34 years of age. Cryptorchidism is the most significant risk factor for testicular cancer, increasing the risk up to 11-fold. A painless testicular mass is the classic presentation fo...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:New beta lactams and the quinolone class of antibiotics represent major improvements in the therapy of moderate to severe infections. These newer antibiotics have an extended spectrum of antimicrobial activity, excellent pharmacokinetic properties and low toxicity. The beta lactams include carbapenems, represented by ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Inflammatory breast cancer is a devastating disease with an extremely high rate of morbidity and mortality. Differentiating this disease from acute mastitis may be difficult on initial diagnosis. The expeditious diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory breast cancer has important ramifications for the patient's prognos...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although laparoscopy has been available since the turn of the century, the technique did not become widely accepted for gastrointestinal surgery until it was used in cholecystectomy. Since then, various gastrointestinal operations have been performed using laparoscopic guidance. Laparoscopic operations must conform to...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although rare, invasive amebiasis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of rectal disease suggesting carcinoma. In the case reported, rectal ameboma was responsible for the patient's rectal pain, hematochezia and weight loss. ...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The status of the fibula is an index of the severity of injury. Open tibial fracture with associated fractured fibula is more likely to develop complications. Antibiotics should be started promptly. Judicious debridement is essential but bone fragments should be left whenever possible. When there is any question about...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1975-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many normal children have heart murmurs, but most children do not have heart disease. An appropriate history and a properly conducted physical examination can identify children at increased risk for significant heart disease. Pathologic causes of systolic murmurs include atrial and ventricular septal defects, pulmonar...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Growth hormone from human pituitary glands has been available for 30 years. Because of the scarce supply and the danger of transmitting Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, use of the hormone was discontinued in 1984. Fortunately, synthetic growth hormone produced with recombinant DNA technology became available in 1985 and eli...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:While screening patients for thyroid disease, physicians often find increased thyrotropin-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels in patients whose free thyroxine (T4) levels are not below normal. This state, termed "subclinical hypothyroidism," is most commonly an early stage of hypothyroidism. Although the condition may re...
journal_title：American family physician
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1998-02-15 00:00:00
