Abstract:
:Patients who have been or may have been bitten by a snake should receive prompt and careful clinical and laboratory evaluation. Fang marks, pain and swelling are characteristic of pit viper envenomation. Although no therapy is universally accepted, a number of treatment plans appear to be effective. If envenomation has occurred, intravenous administration of antivenin and/or surgical excision or incision should be carried out without delay. Prompt transferral to a medical facility is the most appropriate first-aid measure. If transportation is unduly delayed, immediate linear incision and suction may be of value.
journal_name
Am Fam Physicianjournal_title
American family physicianauthors
Johnson CAsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1991-07-01 00:00:00pages
174-80issue
1eissn
0002-838Xissn
1532-0650journal_volume
44pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Bone loss coincides with the reduced physical activity of both sexes in later years, vigorously aggravated by age-associated hormonal changes in women and chronic inadequate intake of calcium. In the absence of preventive dietary measures, osteoporosis may become a major health problem for America's fastgrowing senior...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1978-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Functional constipation is the cause of fecal incontinence in 95 percent of affected children, and anatomic or neurologic causes account for up to 5 percent of cases. The history and the physical examination (with emphasis on abdominal, rectal and neurologic examinations) are most helpful in identifying organic diseas...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Defined as three hours of crying per day occurring more than three days in any one week, colic affects 10 to 20 percent of infants during the first three to four months of life. Food allergy, parental attitude, flatulence, maternal medication and parental smoking have been implicated. Dietary modification, pharmacothe...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1987-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aspirin should not be used to treat acute febrile viral illness in children. (Strength of Recommendation [SOR]: C, based on case-control studies). Although no causal link has been proven, data from case-control and historic cohort studies demonstrate an association between aspirin use and Reye syndrome. The risk of Re...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2009-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::Atrial fibrillation is associated with potentially life-threatening strokes. Anticoagulation with warfarin or aspirin reduces the risk of embolic events in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation and mitral valve stenosis or other underlying heart disease. In patients with acute onset of atrial fibrillation, anticoa...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Idiopathic facial (Bell's) palsy is an affliction commonly seen and managed by the family physician. Although the prognosis is generally good, steroids and cromolyn sodium have each been advocated to enhance full recovery. Surgical exploration of the nerve is indicated when the diagnosis is unclear. Various measures m...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1989-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacteroides melaninogenicus and Bacteroides oralis are predominant anaerobes in orofacial infections and aspiration pneumonia. Fusobacterium species are common pathogens in aspiration pneumonia, brain abscesses and orofacial infections. Clostridium perfringens can cause bacteremia and wound infections. Clostridium bot...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1986-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease occurring throughout the Americas from Texas to Argentina, and in the Old World, particularly the Middle East and North Africa. It is spread by the female sandfly. The condition is diagnosed every year in travelers, immigrants, and military personnel. Physicians in the Un...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2004-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::The incidence of Lyme disease is increasing, and the disease is spreading geographically. Prompt diagnosis requires recognition of characteristic signs and symptoms of infection with the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. In more than half of cases, erythema migrans is the earliest sign of Lyme disease. Although less fr...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Successful long-term weight loss maintenance can be achieved by various means. A combination of dietary and physical activity interventions, along with one or more behavioral approaches, has proven successful in some persons, as documented by the National Weight Control Registry, but is limited by adherence to a consi...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2010-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Although clinical evaluation remains the cornerstone in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as the ancillary study of choice. An important diagnostic tool, MRI can also be used to assess disease load, activity and progression, and distinguish between acute and chronic lesi...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::To complement the 2005 Annual Clinical Focus on medical genomics, AFP is publishing a series of short reviews on genetic syndromes. This series was designed to increase awareness of these diseases so that family physicians can recognize and diagnose children with these disorders and understand the kind of care they mi...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adverse publicity about nursing homes increases the anguish of many people as they face the decision of placing a loved one in a nursing home. It is true that there are shortcomings in some nursing homes: poorly trained staff, unesthetic environment, little privacy, few activities and loss of identity. Nevertheless, i...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1987-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulin may be used to augment therapy with oral glycemic medications or as insulin replacement therapy. The American Diabetes Association suggests the use of long-acting (basal) insulin to augment therapy with one or two oral agents or one oral agent plus a glucagon-like pep...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The physician needs to know the signs, symptoms and recommended treatments of drug overdoses. Overdose of hallucinogens usually does not require drug therapy. Overdose of amphetamines ("uppers") may be complicated by the presence of PCP, a dissociative substance. It is important for the physician to be familiar with t...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Constipation is a common childhood condition, estimated to occur in 5 to 10 percent of children. In most cases, the cause is functional. However, constipation may occasionally indicate a significant organic disorder, which can usually be determined by a thorough history and physical examination. Constipation that is p...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder that can cause significant disability and decreased quality of life. The cardinal physical signs of the disease are distal resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and asymmetric onset. Levodopa is the primary treatment for Parkinson's disease; however, its lon...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2006-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::Primary immunodeficiencies include a variety of disorders that render patients more susceptible to infections. If left untreated, these infections may be fatal. The disorders constitute a spectrum of more than 80 innate defects in the body's immune system. Primary immunodeficiencies generally are considered to be rela...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2003-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Postpartum hemorrhage, the loss of more than 500 mL of blood after delivery, occurs in up to 18 percent of births and is the most common maternal morbidity in developed countries. Although risk factors and preventive strategies are dearly documented, not all cases are expected or avoidable. Uterine atony is responsibl...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2007-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::Nephrolithiasis is a rare but important condition in pregnant women. The most common presenting complaint is flank pain. Recurrent or persistent urinary tract infections may also be due to nephrolithiasis. Ultrasound is the first-line diagnostic study, but a limited intravenous pyelogram can be obtained when indicated...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Food and Drug Administration has recommended that blood donated for transfusion in the United States be screened for antibodies to human T lymphotropic virus type I. Since seropositive donors will be referred to health care providers for advice, physicians should become familiar with HTLV-I, its modes of transmiss...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1989-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mild elevations in levels of the liver enzymes alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase are commonly discovered in asymptomatic patients in primary care. Evidence to guide the diagnostic workup is limited. If the history and physical examination do not suggest a cause, a stepwise evaluation should be initiated ...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many patients expect to undergo screening tests for cancer. In evaluating screening procedures, physicians must take into account the known effects of lead time, length and screening biases, all of which can result in an overestimation of the benefits of screening. The gold standard by which a screening test is evalua...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Asymptomatic bacteriuria, defined as the presence of bacteria in the urine in the absence of urinary symptoms, is a common clinical finding that often warrants a decision about whether to initiate antimicrobial therapy. There are few indications to treat asymptomatic bacteriuria, and inappropriate treatment contribute...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2020-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::Because the prevalence of urinary incontinence increases with age, a working knowledge of the diagnosis and treatment of the various types of urinary incontinence is fundamental to the care of women. As the population of the United States ages, primary care physicians can expect to see an increasing number of patients...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Women experience depression twice as often as men. The diagnostic criteria for depression are the same for both sexes, but women with depression more frequently experience guilt, anxiety, increased appetite and sleep, weight gain and comorbid eating disorders. Women may achieve higher plasma concentrations of antidepr...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Myasthenia gravis is characterized by variable ocular and skeletal muscle weakness. Peak incidence is in young women and older men. Thymomas are present in 30 percent of myasthenic patients over age 40. Binding of acetylcholine receptors by IgG antibodies may be the mechanism of the neuromuscular disorder. Repetitive ...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1981-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hepatitis A is a common viral illness worldwide, although the incidence in the United States has diminished in recent years as a result of extended immunization practices. Hepatitis A virus is transmitted through fecal-oral contamination, and there are occasional outbreaks through food sources. Young children are usua...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genetic testing may be applied in a variety of clinical situations, including preconception counseling, prenatal diagnosis and postnatal determination of genetic predisposition to disease. The family physician needs to become familiar with the full range of genetic testing possibilities in all phases of the human life...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is one of the most common causes of anterior knee pain encountered in the outpatient setting in adolescents and adults younger than 60 years. The incidence in the United States is between 3% and 6%. The cardinal feature of PFPS is pain in or around the anterior knee that intensifies...
journal_title:American family physician
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2019-01-15 00:00:00