Abstract：
:The air pollution disasters in London in 1952, the Meuse valley in 1930, and in Donoroa, Pennsylvania, in 1948 made it clear that extremely high levels of particulate-based smog could produce large increases in the daily mortality rate. Recent studies of fluctuations in daily air pollution and daily mortality have reported associations at much lower concentrations in London during the 1960s and in Philadelphia, Steubenville, Santa Clara, St. Louis, Utah valley, Detroit, and eastern Tennessee in the 1970s and 1980s. Whether these associations are causal or not is a matter of considerable public health concern. If the detailed pattern of the deaths at these lower concentrations appeared similar to the pattern in London, this would strengthen the argument for causality. To examine this issue, the death certificates from Philadelphia were examined on the 5% of the days with the highest particulate air pollution and the 5% of the days with the lowest particulate air pollution during the years 1973-1980. There was little difference in weather between the high and low pollution days, but total suspended particulate matter concentrations averaged 141 micrograms/m3 on the high pollution days versus 47 micrograms/m3 on the low pollution days. The relative risk of dying on the high pollution days was 1.08 P < 0.0001. The relative increase was higher for COPD (1.25) and pneumonia (1.13). Deaths were also elevated for heart disease and stroke; however, there was a substantial increase in the reports of respiratory factors as contributing causes for those underlying causes of death. Dead-on-arrival deaths and deaths outside of hospitals and clinics were also disproportionately increased. This paralleled the pattern seen in London in 1952. The age pattern of the relative risk of death was also similar. This adds to the evidence that the association is causal.
journal_name
Environ Resjournal_title
Environmental researchauthors
Schwartz Jdoi
10.1006/enrs.1994.1004subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-01-01 00:00:00pages
26-35issue
1eissn
0013-9351issn
1096-0953pii
S0013-9351(84)71004-8journal_volume
64pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:There are abundant data and advisories for mercury levels in wild fish, but far fewer for commercial fish that compose a large majority of the fish most people eat. Until recently, relatively little attention has been devoted to examining mercury in canned tuna, despite its great importance in human diets. There is su...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2003.12.001
更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of individuals 45-79 years old in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (1988-1994) (NHANES III). Myocardial infarction was determined by electrocardiogram (ECG). Our sample included 4912 participants, which when weighted represented 52,234,055 Americans. We p...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2007.10.009
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (≤ 2.5 μg/m3 in aerodynamic diameter; PM2.5) is significantly associated with increased risk of premature mortality. Our goal was to provide an updated meta-analysis of all-cause and cause-specific mortality associated with exposure to PM2.5 and to better...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2018.06.021
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Methylmercury (MeHg) is the most bioavailable and toxic form of the globally distributed pollutant Hg. Organisms of higher trophic levels living in aquatic ecosystems have potentially higher concentrations of MeHg. In this work, we analysed both MeHg and inorganic Mercury (Hg(II)) concentrations from dorsal feathers o...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2020.109526
更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0013-9351(84)90096-3
更新日期：1984-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Activated rabbit alveolar macrophages were incubated with airborne dusts from four West German sites (1 to 200 micrograms/10(6) cells) and waste incinerator fly ash fractions (50 to 500 micrograms/10(6) cells). Quartz dust DQ 12 (5 to 200 micrograms/10(6) cells) and Fe2O3 (0.05 to 50 micrograms/10(6) cells) were used ...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0013-9351(05)80091-x
更新日期：1990-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0013-9351(05)80109-4
更新日期：1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, characterized by recurrent relapses of inflammation that cause mild to severe disability. Exposure to airborne particulate matter (PM) has been associated with acute increases in systemic inflammatory res...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2015.11.017
更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2019.109043
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2019.108546
更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although there is indirect evidence to suggest that persistent organochlorines might increase risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, there are no epidemiologic studies directly addressing this question. In this cohort study, sampled from the Collaborative Perinatal Project, 1933 women had complete data on organo...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2014.03.020
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A random sample of 68 males and 25 females who reside in Mansoura city, Egypt, was examined for concentrations of cadmium, lead, and mercury in blood, urine, hair, and nails. The effect of gender and smoking on such levels was studied. The influence of dental amalgam on the levels of mercury in these biological sample...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/enrs.2002.4396
更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The intestinal absorption of arsenate(As(V)) has been investigated in the chick by means of the in situ ligated duodenal loop technique. By this procedure, it was observed that arsenate is rapidly and essentially completely absorbed (80-95%) from the lumen at As(V) concentrations up to 5 mM, declining to about 50% abs...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0013-9351(85)90018-0
更新日期：1985-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2019.01.055
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Humans exposed to methylmercury (MeHg) can suffer from adverse health impacts, e.g., serious neurological damage; however, fish is also a good source of omega-3 fish oils which promotes infants' neurological development. Because eating fish is the primary mechanism of MeHg exposure, federal and state agencies issue fi...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2013.08.012
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2019.109092
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Soils contaminated by organic and inorganic pollutants like Cr(VI) and lindane, is currently a main environmental challenge. Biological strategies, such as biostimulation, bioaugmentation, phytoremediation and vermiremediation, and nanoremediation with nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) are promising approaches for pol...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2020.110666
更新日期：2020-12-24 00:00:00
abstract：:An iterative scheme of short-term bacterial mutagenesis assays and multidimensional liquid chromatographic methods was used to isolate mutagens from a neutral fraction of a complex carcinogenic tar formed as a by-product of coal gasification. Mutagens in the complementary reversed- and normal-phase liquid chromatograp...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0013-9351(86)80135-9
更新日期：1986-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The practice of social distancing and wearing masks has been popular worldwide in combating the contraction of COVID-19. Undeniably, although such practices help control the COVID-19 pandemic to a greater extent, the complete control of virus-laden droplet and aerosol transmission by such practices is poorly understoo...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2020.109819
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aims of this study were (1) to explore the behavioral and sociodemographic factors influencing urinary cotinine (COT-U) levels in active smokers and in environmental tobacco smoke (ETS)-exposed individuals, (2) to assess the specificity and sensitivity of the questionnaire for identifying active smokers and nonsmo...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2016.03.029
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Extreme cold and heat waves, characterized by a number of cold or hot days in succession, place a strain on people's cardiovascular and respiratory systems. The increase in deaths due to these waves may be greater than that predicted by extreme temperatures alone. We examined cold and heat waves in 99 US cities for 14...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2011.12.010
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of temperature on childhood pneumonia in subtropical regions is largely unknown so far. This study examined the impact of temperature on childhood pneumonia in Brisbane, Australia. A quasi-Poisson generalized linear model combined with a distributed lag non-linear model was used to quantify the main effect ...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2014.04.021
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To estimate the association between fine particulate (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) pollution and systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs). METHODS:Associations between ambient air pollution (PM2.5 and NO2) and SARDs were assessed using land-use regression models for Calgary, Alberta and administra...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2015.05.007
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A landscape approach using remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) technologies was developed to identify the proximity of maternal residence to agricultural areas, and the association between crop production patterns around mothers residences and low birth weight was evaluated. Satellite data obta...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/enrs.1999.4009
更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Effects of prenatal Manganese (Mn) exposure at an environmental relevant level on neonatal neurodevelopment remains unclear. OBJECTIVES:In the multi-center study, we assessed the impact of low level prenatal Mn exposure on neonatal behavioral neurological assessments (NBNA), and explore a threshold umbilica...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2014.04.012
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Exposure to hazardous Hg can adversely affect children's neurodevelopment. However, few data are available on either Hg levels in neonates and their mothers or the impact of prenatal exposure to Hg on neonates' neurobehavioral development in the Chinese population. Therefore, this study examined Hg levels in neonates ...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2007.05.015
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of exposure to lead on the longitudinal development of the femur and of its cartilage growth plate was studied in rats. A group of forty-five 50-day-old female Wistar rats was divided into a control group of 20 rats and an experimental group of 25 rats fed a diet supplemented with 17 mg of lead acetate per ...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/enrs.1997.3760
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article presents the results of a workshop held in Stirling, Scotland in June 2018, called to examine critically the effects of low-dose ionising radiation on the ecosphere. The meeting brought together participants from the fields of low- and high-dose radiobiology and those working in radioecology to discuss th...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type：
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2018.09.031
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A line is a common geometry for pollution sources, e.g., outdoor traffic pollution, and is thus useful for developing a suitable source term estimation (STE) method. Most existing methods regard the source as a single point that only includes location and strength parameters; however, limited attention has been paid t...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2020.110706
更新日期：2021-01-06 00:00:00
abstract：:Environmental exposure to manganese (Mn) results in several toxic effects, mainly neurotoxicity. This study investigated associations among Mn exposure, neuropsychological performance, biomarkers of oxidative damage and early kidney dysfunction in children aged 6-12 years old. Sixty-three children were enrolled in thi...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2016.01.035
更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
