Abstract：
:Extreme cold and heat waves, characterized by a number of cold or hot days in succession, place a strain on people's cardiovascular and respiratory systems. The increase in deaths due to these waves may be greater than that predicted by extreme temperatures alone. We examined cold and heat waves in 99 US cities for 14 years (1987-2000) and investigated how the risk of death depended on the temperature threshold used to define a wave, and a wave's timing, duration and intensity. We defined cold and heat waves using temperatures above and below cold and heat thresholds for two or more days. We tried five cold thresholds using the first to fifth percentiles of temperature, and five heat thresholds using the 95-99 percentiles. The extra wave effects were estimated using a two-stage model to ensure that their effects were estimated after removing the general effects of temperature. The increases in deaths associated with cold waves were generally small and not statistically significant, and there was even evidence of a decreased risk during the coldest waves. Heat waves generally increased the risk of death, particularly for the hottest heat threshold. Cold waves of a colder intensity or longer duration were not more dangerous. Cold waves earlier in the cool season were more dangerous, as were heat waves earlier in the warm season. In general there was no increased risk of death during cold waves above the known increased risk associated with cold temperatures. Cold or heat waves earlier in the cool or warm season may be more dangerous because of a build up in the susceptible pool or a lack of preparedness for extreme temperatures.
journal_name
Environ Resjournal_title
Environmental researchauthors
Barnett AG,Hajat S,Gasparrini A,Rocklöv Jdoi
10.1016/j.envres.2011.12.010subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-01-01 00:00:00pages
218-24eissn
0013-9351issn
1096-0953pii
S0013-9351(11)00315-Xjournal_volume
112pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The rapid transmission tendency, severity, and wide geographical spread of newly emerged novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in different environmental matrices, including water, air, and soil, has posed severe health, environmental, energy, and economic challenges worldwide. Despite the severe health effects, unprecedente...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2020.110443
更新日期：2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The MXene-based transition metal oxide composite is a potential candidate for photocatalysts. Rod-like pseudohexagonal phase Nb2O5/Nb2CTx composites were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal oxidation of 2D layered Nb2CTx. The Nb2O5/Nb2CTx composites show superior photocatalytic activity for 98.5% of degradation of Rh...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2020.110587
更新日期：2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper discusses sampling and design considerations relevant to the estimation of exposure to organochlorine compounds in epidemiological studies. We consider exposures measured directly via biomarkers of exposure in the body. It is critical for the design, implementation, and evaluation of studies that epidemiolo...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/enrs.1994.1026
更新日期：1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Urbanisation and a changing climate are leading to more frequent and severe flood, heat and air pollution episodes in Britain's cities. Interest in nature-based solutions to these urban problems is growing, with urban forests potentially able to provide a range of regulating ecosystem services such as stormwater atten...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2017.03.020
更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The terms medical surveillance and medical screening have sometimes been used interchangeably in the occupational medicine literature. Recently attempts have been made to redefine these as mutually exclusive, by nesting surveillance under screening or vice versa, by subsuming both under medical monitoring or periodic ...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0013-9351(05)80226-9
更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A pilot investigation had shown that 88 people living within 2.4 km of a waste chemical disposal and oil-reprocessing facility which operated from 1966 to 1983 had reduced neurobehavioral performance compared to 66 regional referents. A geographic model of dispersal predicted less effect with greater distance from the...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/enrs.1998.3971
更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of intratracheal administration of fly ash, its benzene-extracted residue and the benzene extract has been studied on the activities of hepatic mixed-function oxidases in the rat. Fly ash and its fractions significantly increased the levels of cytochrome P-450, cytochrome b5, cytochrome b5 reductase, NADPH-...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0013-9351(87)80231-1
更新日期：1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cisitu is a small-scale gold mining village in Indonesia. Mercury (Hg) is used to extract gold from ore, heavily polluting air, soil, fish and rice paddy fields with Hg. Rice in Cisitu is burdened with mercury. The main staple food of the inhabitants of Cisitu is this polluted rice. Villagers were concerned that the s...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2016.04.007
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the environment are considered to be a contributing factor to the decline in the sperm quality. With growing evidence of the harmful effects of EDCs on the male reproductive system, we tested the hypothesis that prenatal exposure to an environmentally relevant phthalate mixture...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2019.02.017
更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The enhanced carcinogenicity of particle-associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has previously been explained by their prolonged retention in the lung due to the slow release of these substances from their carrier particles. However, the mathematical model presented here indicates that the lipid-aqueous he...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0013-9351(87)80241-4
更新日期：1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fish is an important source of nutrients including omega-3 fatty acids, which may reduce risk of adverse health outcomes such as cardiovascular disease; however, fish may also contain significant amounts of environmental pollutants. The Wisconsin Departments of Health Services and Natural Resources developed a survey ...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2015.08.005
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Using the optical disector for quantifying cell numbers, we investigated whether oral treatment of rats on days 6-21 of gestation with the weakly estrogenic bisphenol A (BPA, 0.1 or 50 mg/kg) or the highly estrogenic ethinyl estradiol (EE, 0.02 mg/kg) alters testicular histology, in those offspring 9-12 month of age. ...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0013-9351(02)00019-1
更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:As a fast and effective technique, the multiple linear regression (MLR) method has been widely used in modeling and prediction of beach bacteria concentrations. Among previous works on this subject, however, several issues were insufficiently or inconsistently addressed. Those issues include the value and use of inter...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2006.11.006
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Hexavalent chromium (Cr(6+)) has long been recognized as an inhalation carcinogen. Useful data on its carcinogenicity by ingestion have been slower to develop. The 2008 NTP chronic bioassay of sodium dichromate dihydrate in drinking water found clear evidence of carcinogenicity in rodents and allows a genera...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2010.08.002
更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this study, Ag3PO4/TiO2@molecular sieve (MS) ternary composites were fabricated via in-situ deposition and hydrothermal growth method for photocatalytic degradation of formaldehyde and sodium isobutyl xanthate (SIBX) under visible light irradiation. XRD, PL, UV-vis, UPS, SEM-EDS and XPS techniques were adopted to c...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2020.109984
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Since deforestation has recently been associated with increased mercury load in the Amazon, the problem of mercury exposure is now much more widespread than initially thought. A previous exploratory study suggested that fruit consumption may reduce mercury exposure. The objectives of the study were to determine the ef...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2007.01.012
更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chlorinated solvents are thought to be more nephrotoxic than nonchlorinated solvents in humans. Many workers have been exposed to trichloroethylene (TCE) because TCE is one of the most useful chlorinated solvents in some industries. Thus, to detect adverse effects of human exposure to TCE on kidneys, urinary total pro...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0013-9351(89)80050-7
更新日期：1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Children are especially vulnerable to adverse effects of multiple metals exposure. The aim of this study was to assess some metals concentrations such as lead (Pb), arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) in whole blood, serum, hair and drinking water samples using inductively coupled plasma-mass spe...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2014.10.003
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulphur oxides (SOx) and ammonia (NH3) are among the main contributors to the formation of secondary particulate matter (PM2.5), which represent a severe risk to human health. Even if important improvements have been achieved worldwide, traffic, industrial activities, and the energy sector are m...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2020.110048
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cadmium was bioassayed to observe cytogenetic effects in the water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes). Plants were exposed for 96 hr to freshwater containing 0.01, 0.05, 0.10, 1.5, and 10 mg/liter of cadmium. Metal concentrations in tissues were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The highest level was fou...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0013-9351(84)90037-9
更新日期：1984-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Metallothionein (MT) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in bronchoalveolar cells and fluids derived from rat lungs following 0, 8, 12, 18, or 24 exposures to Cd acetate aerosols. Alveolar cell metallothionein levels increased from a base line value of 0.35 micrograms MT/mg protein in control rats to a value of 2...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0013-9351(86)80114-1
更新日期：1986-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Soybean plants were grown for 90 days and spinach plants for 64 days in a mixture of sterilized greenhouse soil and sand containing 10 ppm pentachlorophenol. All plant parts and soil samples were extracted and separated into nonpolar and polar fractions. Major nonpolar and polar metabolites were identified by gas-liqu...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0013-9351(85)90053-2
更新日期：1985-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Consistent evidence has shown excess mortality associated with cold temperature, but some important details of the cold-mortality association (e.g. slope and threshold) have not been adequately investigated and few studies focused on the cold effect in high-altitude areas of developing countries. We attempte...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2016.06.029
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of oxygen exposure on nitrosylhemoglobin of whole human blood or its buffered solution has been determined. The amount of methemoglobin formed was determined by an anaerobic modification of the Evelyn-Malloy method; 59% of the total hemoglobin of whole blood was oxidized to methemoglobin in the first 15 min...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0013-9351(85)90116-1
更新日期：1985-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The TiO2 based photocatalyst has great potential for the disinfection/inactivation of harmful pathogens (such as E.coli in aqueous media) along with its well-known usefulness on various chemical pollutants. The disinfection property of TiO2 is primarily attributed to surface generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2017.01.018
更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:While studies have suggested that exposure to manganese (Mn) may be associated with neurodevelopment in school-age children, there is limited information on prenatal and postnatal Mn exposures and tremor or motor function in children. METHODS:We measured Mn levels in dentine of shed teeth, representing pr...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2017.08.035
更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Inorganic arsenic is a lung, bladder, and skin carcinogen. One of the major sources of exposure to arsenic is through naturally contaminated drinking water. While positive associations have been observed between arsenic in drinking water and prostate cancer, few studies have explored this association in the ...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2016.04.030
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:At 56 days of age, male and female Long-Evans rats received 1 mumole of 203Hg-labeled methyl mercuric chloride per kilogram sc and total, organic, and inorganic mercury contents and concentrations in tissues were determined for up to 98 days postdosing. Whole body clearance of mercury was faster in females than in mal...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0013-9351(86)80184-0
更新日期：1986-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Concern over the impact of extreme heat upon human health has increased in recent years. Though much research has evaluated the relationships between the two, few studies have attempted to quantify this vulnerability on a sub-metropolitan area level. Using a Geographic Information System (GIS), ambulance calls for a 4...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2005.08.008
更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC implemented by the European Union established as the main objectives to achieve a "good ecological and chemical status" of the surface water and a "good quantitative and chemical status" of groundwater bodies. One of the major pressures affecting water bodies comes from the use...
journal_title：Environmental research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.envres.2019.108570
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
