Abstract：
:A random sample of 68 males and 25 females who reside in Mansoura city, Egypt, was examined for concentrations of cadmium, lead, and mercury in blood, urine, hair, and nails. The effect of gender and smoking on such levels was studied. The influence of dental amalgam on the levels of mercury in these biological samples was also examined. The results obtained show that only blood lead, which increased among males, was affected by gender. Blood levels of cadmium and lead as well as hair lead appeared to increase with smoking habit. Mercury levels in blood and urine were related to the presence of dental amalgam fillings. International comparisons between our results and the corresponding levels in other localities in the world showed that there were environmentally related variations in terms of cadmium levels in hair, lead levels in blood, urine, hair, and nails, and mercury levels in blood, hair, and nails. In conclusion, reference intervals of cadmium, lead, and mercury in the biological samples are environmentally related parameters. Some factors, such as gender, smoking habit, and the presence of dental amalgam fillings, may affect such levels and therefore should be considered.
journal_name
Environ Resjournal_title
Environmental researchauthors
Mortada WI,Sobh MA,el-Defrawy MM,Farahat SEdoi
10.1006/enrs.2002.4396subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-10-01 00:00:00pages
104-10issue
2eissn
0013-9351issn
1096-0953pii
S0013935102943963journal_volume
90pub_type
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