Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Both traffic-related noise and air pollution have been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Spatial correlations between these environmental stressors may entail mutual confounding in epidemiological studies investigating their long-term effects. Few studies have investigated their correlation - none in Spain - and results differ among cities. OBJECTIVES:We assessed the contribution of urban land-use and traffic variables to the noise-air pollution correlation in Girona town, where an investigation of the chronic effects of air pollution and noise on CVD takes place (REGICOR-AIR). METHODOLOGY:Outdoor annual mean concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) derived from monthly passive sampler measurements were obtained at 83 residential locations. Long-term average traffic-related noise levels from a validated model were assigned to each residence. Linear regression models were fitted both for NO(2) and noise. RESULTS:The correlation between NO(2) and noise (L(24h)) was 0.62. However, the correlation differed across the urban space, with lower correlations at sites with higher traffic density and in the modern downtown. Traffic density, distance from the location to the sidewalk and building density nearby explained 35.6% and 73.2% of the variability of NO(2) and noise levels, respectively. The correlation between the residuals of the two models suggested the presence of other unmeasured common variables. CONCLUSIONS:The substantial correlation between traffic-related noise and NO(2), endorsed by common determinants, and the dependence of this correlation on complex local characteristics call for careful evaluations of both factors to ultimately assess their cardiovascular effects.
journal_name
Environ Resjournal_title
Environmental researchauthors
Foraster M,Deltell A,Basagaña X,Medina-Ramón M,Aguilera I,Bouso L,Grau M,Phuleria HC,Rivera M,Slama R,Sunyer J,Targa J,Künzli Ndoi
10.1016/j.envres.2010.10.013subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-01-01 00:00:00pages
177-83issue
1eissn
0013-9351issn
1096-0953pii
S0013-9351(10)00187-8journal_volume
111pub_type
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