Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Previous research has yielded conflicting evidence regarding the long-term cognitive outcome of depression. Some studies have found evidence for a higher incidence of subsequent cognitive impairment or dementia, while others have refuted this. METHOD:Depression, neuropsychological performance, functional ability and clinical variables were assessed in a sample of patients who had been hospitalized for depression 25 years previously. RESULTS:Data were available on 71 depressed patients (10 of whom were deceased) and 50 surgical controls. No significant differences were found between depressed subjects and controls on any neuropsychological measure. Ten depressed patients but no controls were found to have dementia at follow-up (continuity corrected chi2 = 5.93, P < 0.01). Presence of dementia was predicted by older age at baseline. Vascular dementia was the most common type. CONCLUSIONS:We conclude that this study did not find evidence that early onset depression is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, but that for a small subgroup there appears to be a link with vascular dementia. Several plausible explanations for this link, such as lifestyle factors, require further investigation.
journal_name
Psychol Medjournal_title
Psychological medicineauthors
Brodaty H,Luscombe G,Anstey KJ,Cramsie J,Andrews G,Peisah Cdoi
10.1017/s0033291703008195subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-10-01 00:00:00pages
1263-75issue
7eissn
0033-2917issn
1469-8978journal_volume
33pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:The neurodevelopmental model of psychosis was established over 30 years ago; however, the developmental influence on psychotic symptom expression - how age affects clinical presentation in first-episode psychosis - has not been thoroughly investigated. METHODS:Using generalized additive modeling, which allo...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291720003463
更新日期:2020-10-06 00:00:00
abstract::The validity and reliability of an empirically defined fatigue syndrome were tested in a prospective cohort study of 245 primary care patients, with glandular fever or an upper respiratory tract infection. Subjects were interviewed three times in the 6 months after onset. Subjects with the empirically defined fatigue ...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700037405
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The persistence of psychosis at a high and relatively constant prevalence in the various populations of the world is rendered difficult to explain by the absence of identified environmental precipitants and by reduced fertility of affected individuals. The problem is not confined to schizophrenia but applies also to a...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/s0033291700000611
更新日期:1987-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Patients treated in primary care settings report better mental outcomes when they agree with practitioners about the nature of their core presenting problems. However, no study has examined the impact of staff-patient agreement on treatment outcomes in specialist mental health services. We investigated wheth...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291707000785
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Findings from family and twin studies support a genetic contribution to the development of sexual orientation in men. However, previous studies have yielded conflicting evidence for linkage to chromosome Xq28. METHOD:We conducted a genome-wide linkage scan on 409 independent pairs of homosexual brothers (90...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291714002451
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Somatoform disorders are costly for society in terms of increased healthcare expenditure. Patients' illness perceptions have been found to play a role in somatoform disorders. However, it is unclear whether illness perceptions predict higher health costs in these patients. METHOD:A total of 1785 primary car...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S003329171400035X
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A number of studies have suggested that indirect semantic priming is enhanced in thought-disordered schizophrenics. However, research on direct semantic priming has produced conflicting results. The aim of the present study was to resolve some of the ambiguities of previous findings. METHODS:For the present...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291701003105
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Patients may present with cognitive impairment in the euthymic phase of affective disorder, but it is unclear whether the impairment is prevalent before onset of the illness. The aim of the present study was to examine the hypothesis that genetic liability to affective disorder is associated with cognitive i...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291706007896
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cognitive models postulate that negative-self-schemas (NSS) cause and maintain positive symptoms and that negative affect mediates this link. However, only few studies have tested the temporal mediation claim systematically using an appropriate design. METHODS:A longitudinal cohort design in an online commu...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1017/S003329171700277X
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Individual-level measures of acculturation (e.g. age of immigration) have a complex relationship with psychiatric disorders. Fine-grained analyses that tap various acculturation dimensions and population subgroups are needed to generate hypotheses regarding the mechanisms of action for the association betwee...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291716000763
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:We examined the relationship between childhood sexual abuse (CSA), and interviewees' recollections of pathogenic parenting, testing for possible retrospective biases in the recollections of those who have experienced CSA. METHODS:Information about CSA, parental divorce and interviewees' recollections of par...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291799002809
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationship between psychological and biological processes is examined. Criteria for the distinction between reasons and causes are described. These provide a basis for a separation of those mental states and behaviour that can be explained in a reductionist fashion, and those that are not reducible. The proposed...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700055604
更新日期:1982-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Bipolar disorder I (BD-I) is defined by episodes of mania, depression and euthymic states. These episodes are among other symptoms characterized by altered reward processing and negative symptoms (NS), in particular apathy. However, the neural correlates of these deficits are not well understood. METHODS:We...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291719000801
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Children of parents with mood and psychotic disorders are at elevated risk for a range of behavioral and emotional problems. However, as the usual reporter of psychopathology in children is the parent, reports of early problems in children of parents with mood and psychotic disorders may be biased by the par...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291719001089
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In the conditioned fear paradigm, repeated pairing of an aversive unconditioned stimulus (US) (e.g. electric shock) with a neutral conditioned stimulus (CS) (e.g. bright light) results in a conditioned fear response to the light alone. Animal studies have shown that the amygdala plays a critical role in acqu...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291704003290
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Recent studies suggest that purging disorder (PD) may be a common eating disorder that is associated with clinically significant levels of distress and high levels of psychiatric co-morbidity. However, no study has established evidence of disorder-related impairment or whether distress is specifically relate...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291707001390
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Delusional disorder (DD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have been investigated in previous studies using probabilistic reasoning paradigms and abnormalities in each group have been reported. No study to date has compared results between these groups. This study compares patients with these disorders...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291796004175
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Minor stresses measured in daily life have repeatedly been associated with increased momentary psychotic experiences, both in individuals with psychotic disorders and in persons who are genetically at an increased risk for these disorders. Severe hearing impairment (SHI) is an environmental risk factor for p...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291714002797
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although accurate differentiation between bipolar disorder (BD) and unipolar major depressive disorder (MDD) has important prognostic and therapeutic implications, the distinction is often challenging based on clinical grounds alone. In this study, we tested whether psychiatric polygenic risk scores (PRSs) i...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S003329172000015X
更新日期:2020-02-17 00:00:00
abstract::Principal component analysis was applied to data relating to depressive experiences collected from a general population sample. The structure of depression found in the general population showed strong similarities to that found in the psychiatric population. There were, however, important differences. Four substantia...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700047346
更新日期:1980-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The examination of moment-to-moment, 'micro-level' patterns of experience and behaviour using experience sampling methodology has contributed to our understanding of the 'macro-level' development of full-blown symptoms and disorders. This paper argues that the micro-level perspective can be used to identify the smalle...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S0033291713001979
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A consecutive series of 45 female bulimic patients treated by one of us was followed four to six years after termination of treatment. Thirty-five (78%) were successfully followed, six refused to participate in the study and four were untraced. At least seven (16%) had diagnosable bulimia nervosa at follow-up, and at ...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700005766
更新日期:1989-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) has made major advances in the molecular etiology of MDD, confirming that MDD is highly polygenic. Pathway enrichment results from PGC meta-analyses can also be used to help inform molecular drug targets. Prior to any knowledge of molecular biomarkers for MDD, drugs ...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291719000618
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:It is clearly established that emotional events tend to be remembered particularly vividly. The neurobiological substrates of this phenomenon are poorly understood. Recently, the noradrenergic system has been implicated in that beta blockade has been shown to reduce significantly the delayed recall of emotio...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1017/s0033291799008703
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper analyses patterns of episodes of anxiety and depression as recorded by 22 general practices which took part in the Second National Morbidity Survey (RCGP, 1980). The data comprise 6 years' records. Simple Markov chains are fitted to each age-group of men and women, and the inter-practice variation in the re...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0033291700051643
更新日期:1983-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Social capital has been considered aetiologically important in schizophrenia but the empirical evidence to support this hypothesis is absent. We tested whether social capital, measured at the neighbourhood level, was associated with the incidence of schizophrenia (ICD-10 F20). MethodWe administered a cross-s...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291707002085
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Studies have suggested that patients with schizophrenia are impaired at recognizing emotions. Recently, it has been shown that the neuropeptide oxytocin can have beneficial effects on social behaviors. METHOD:To examine emotion recognition deficits in patients and see whether oxytocin could improve these de...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291711001413
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Alcohol is commonly considered to be associated with persistence of common mental disorder (CMD; anxiety/depression). However no community-based longitudinal studies have investigated the direction of causality. METHOD:We examined the association between alcohol consumption and recovery from CMD using data ...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291707002000
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Pharmacological treatments targeting the neuroendocrine stress response may hold special promise in secondary prevention of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, findings from clinical trials have been inconsistent and the efficacy of specific drugs, their temporal window of efficacy, effective dose...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0033291719001028
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The past two decades have seen exponential clinical and research interest in help-seeking individuals presenting with potentially prodromal symptoms for psychosis. However, the epidemiological validity of this paradigm has been neglected, limiting future advancements in the field. METHOD:We undertook a crit...
journal_title:Psychological medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S0033291713000184
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00