Abstract：
OBJECTIVES:The costs of immunosuppressive drugs in renal transplant recipients remains prohibitively high. Ketoconazole (KZ) has, in limited studies, been shown to significantly reduce the dose of cyclosporin (CyA) after renal transplantation. We report our long-term experience with the use of KZ in a large group of renal transplant recipients. Although this study was not a formal health economic assessment, we undertook a cost-saving analysis of the CyA-KZ combination usage. METHODS:The 170 patients (174 transplants) undergoing renal transplantation between 1991 and 1997 included in the study received CyA (10 mg/kg/day), prednisone (30 mg/day) and azathioprine (100 mg/day) in the immediate perioperative period. At 1 month post-transplantation, KZ (100 mg twice daily) was added and the CyA dose reduced to 25% and the prednisone dose to 50%. The CyA dose was adjusted to maintain trough levels of 150-200 ng/ml. RESULTS:There was an 85% reduction in the dose of CyA. The average costs were 10.61 pounds sterling for CyA alone compared with pound 2.26 (pounds sterling) for the CyA-KZ combination, which represents an average savings of 8.35 pounds sterling (79%) per patient per day. The estimated savings during the study period was 999,930 pounds sterling. The patient and graft survival for patients receiving KZ was similar to patients on the South African Dialysis and Transplant Registry. Graft survival was significantly worse in black patients. CONCLUSION:The use of KZ with CyA in renal transplant recipients with stable allograft function results in a significant reduction in the dose of CyA and a significant cost savings, without compromising patient or graft survival. The regimen may be useful in countries with limited resources.
journal_name
Eur J Clin Pharmacoljournal_title
European journal of clinical pharmacologyauthors
Gerntholtz T,Pascoe MD,Botha JF,Halkett J,Kahn Ddoi
10.1007/s00228-004-0745-0subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-05-01 00:00:00pages
143-8issue
3eissn
0031-6970issn
1432-1041journal_volume
60pub_type
杂志文章abstract：OBJECTIVE:To study the main comedications associated with major bleeding during anticoagulant therapy with coumarins in a non-selected population under everyday circumstances. METHODS:The study population for this retrospective cohort study included all new users of phenprocoumon or acenocoumarol aged 40-80 years, dur...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00228-005-0947-0
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The pharmacokinetics of fluocortolone and its effect on the circadian rhythm of plasma cortisol and ACTH have been studied during different schedules of oral administration. Groups of 6 healthy male adults were given a single daily dose of fluocortolone 5, 10 and 20 mg, and another group received 20 mg every second da...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00609249
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Eleven patients with hepatic cirrhosis or cholestasis were treated with rifampicin for 7 to 132 days. Ten patients received hexobarbital (7.32 mg/kg) and five received tolbutamide (20 mg/kg) by i.v. infusion prior to and after rifampicin treatment; plasma concentrations of the two test compounds were determined during...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00607679
更新日期：1977-04-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Drug binding in the interstitial fluid as well as in the plasma must be taken into account when considering the pharmacokinetics of drugs which are highly bound to plasma proteins and have a relatively small apparent volume of distribution (V). The half-life and apparent volume of distribution of such a drug can be af...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00609592
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The objective of this study was to describe determinants of current and subsequent benzodiazepine use in an elderly population, the Paquid cohort. METHODS:The study was conducted on a cohort of 2,792 community-dwelling subjects 65 years of age or more living in the Gironde department, southwestern France. B...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002280100326
更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:Our aim was to characterize utilization patterns for drugs used to treat attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on the level of the individual patient among Danish users, focusing on treatment duration, doses used, and concurrent use of ADHD and non-ADHD drugs. METHODS:Using the Danish Registry of Medicin...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00228-012-1344-0
更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The antihypertensive effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) is attributed partially to increased nitric oxide bioavailability. It is possible that functional polymorphisms in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and bradykinin receptor B2 (BDKRB2) genes may affect the antihypertensive res...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00228-012-1326-2
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The aim of the study was to determine the changes in consumption of psychotropic drugs by children aged less than 18 years during the years 1995 to 2001 in the Netherlands. METHODS:The year prevalence of antipsychotics, benzodiazepines, antidepressants and psychostimulants for boys and girls under 18 years w...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00228-004-0765-9
更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sixty patients were treated for 1 year for essential uncomplicated hypertension, 30 with beta-blockers alone (BB) and 30 with BB and chlorthalidone (CTD). BB did not affect serum K+ or Mg++. In the BB-group there was a statistically significant trend towards retention of Mg++ in a loading test, but the effect was clin...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/BF00543964
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To investigate whether the CYP3A4*1G genetic polymorphism contributes to the variability in CYP3A activity and response to fentanyl. METHODS:One hundred and forty-three gynecologic patients who were scheduled to undergo abdominal total hysterectomy or myomectomy with general anesthesia were enrolled in this st...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00228-009-0726-4
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:We examined the extent of concurrent use of antiplatelets, anticoagulants, or digoxin with Chinese medications (CMs) and identified its associated factors. METHODS:A retrospective cohort study was conducted using one million random samples from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2005 in Taiwan. High-ri...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00228-012-1359-6
更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of a new dopamine receptor stimulating agent, piribedil (ET 495), was studied in 10 patients with Parkinson's syndrome, who had had no or a poor response to previous L-DOPA treatment, or had displayed marked side effects during L-DOPA administration. Piribedil produced significant improvement of the functio...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00567119
更新日期：1975-04-04 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To describe the frequency and types of drug-related problems (DRPs) in hospitalised patients, and to identify risk factors for DRPs and the drugs most frequently causing them. METHODS:From May to December 2002, 827 patients from six internal medicine and two rheumatology departments in five hospitals in Norw...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1007/s00228-004-0830-4
更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:This study aimed to estimate the total healthcare costs associated with elderly chronic pain (CP) patients, define cost-related factors in this population, and examine cost evolution over two years. METHOD:This is an ancillary study from the CP S.AGE subcohort, including non-institutionalized patients aged o...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00228-015-1871-6
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The peripheral histamine-inhibiting and central sedative effects of single oral doses (SOD) and of repeated administration for one week (steady state, SS), of 20 mg hydroxyzine HCL and 10 mg cetirizine have been assessed in 12 healthy volunteers, in a double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over study. Peripheral H1-rec...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00626365
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To study the distribution of the thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) genotype among azathioprine (Aza)-tolerant and -intolerant patients with various disorders, and to investigate a possible relationship with the Aza metabolite levels. METHODS:Forty-six Aza-tolerant and six Aza-intolerant patients had the TP...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1007/s00228-003-0698-8
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The pharmacokinetics of the selective benzodiazepine antagonist Ro 15-1788 has been studied in 6 healthy male volunteers following a single intravenous dose of 2.5 mg. The drug was only slightly bound to plasma proteins (40 +/- 8%, mean +/- SD). A negligible amount (less than 0.2% of the dose) of unchanged drug was re...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The purpose of this study is to investigate whether there is an association between anticholinergic burden and mortality or rehospitalization in older adults discharged from hospital. METHODS:Prospective multicenter cohort study carried out with patients aged 65 and older discharged from seven acute care hospi...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1007/s00228-017-2312-5
更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The debrisoquine hydroxylation phenotype was studied in 152 unselected healthy Tasmanian subjects, who were mostly Caucasians of British ancestry. Following a 10 mg oral dose of debrisoquine (D), the ratio of D/4-hydroxydebrisoquine excreted in 8-h urine (metabolic ratio, MR) was determined. MR values were bimodally d...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00315235
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:We previously found that, compared with healthy subjects. asymptomatic hepatitis-B virus (HBV) carriers displaying slow acetylator phenotype demonstrate a significant prolongation of the elimination half-life of 4-methylaminoantipyrine (MAA) and a decrease in the clearance of formation of 4-aminoantipyrine (A...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002280100341
更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Tolcapone is an efficacious catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitor for Parkinson's disease (PD). However, safety issues hampered its use in clinical practice. We aimed to provide evidence of safety and efficacy of tolcapone by a systematic literature review to support clinicians' choices in the use of an enlarg...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00228-020-03081-x
更新日期：2021-01-07 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The multidrug resistance gene 1 (MDR1) seems to play a role in the carcinogenesis of colorectal tumors. The importance of MDR1 SNPs 2677G > T/A in exon 21 and 3435C > T in exon 26 for cancer susceptibility, however, has not yet been clearly defined. METHODS:Two hundred and eighty-five colorectal cancer patie...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00228-006-0225-9
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A phamacokinetic study in man has been made of a new dosage form of diclofenac hydroxyethylpyrrolidine (DIEP); soluble salt packed in sachets was compared with diclofenac sodium as enteric coated tablets. Oral DIEP 2 X 50 mg showed a significant difference in absorption kinetics (ka, lag time and tmax) as compared to ...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/BF00265987
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To compare the efficacy of activated charcoal and gastric lavage in preventing the absorption of moclobemide, temazepam, and verapamil 30 min after drug ingestion. METHODS:In this randomized cross-over study with three phases, nine healthy volunteers received a single oral dose of 150 mg moclobemide, 10 mg t...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s002280000139
更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Propofol anesthesia is usually accompanied by hypotensive responses, which are at least in part mediated by nitric oxide (NO). Arginase I (ARG1) and arginase II (ARG2) compete with NO synthases for their common substrate L-arginine, therefore influencing the NO formation. We examined here whether ARG1 and ARG2 ...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00228-020-03059-9
更新日期：2021-01-07 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Psychotropic drug use among nursing home residents with regard to diagnostic indications and patient- and institution characteristics was analysed. METHODS:A cross-sectional study of medication data from 1552 residents at 23 nursing homes in Bergen, Norway, was performed. Psychotropic drug use (neuroleptics,...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002280100348
更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of acute and long-term treatment with propranolol on cerebral blood flow (CBF) and the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) has been studied in 8 young healthy volunteers. CBF was measured by 133Xe-inhalation and single photon emission computer tomography, and CMRO2 was calculated from the arterio-veno...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00315115
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:We recently reported a highly stereoselective increase in plasma concentrations of (S)-atenolol during exercise which is most likely due to a release of the drug from adrenergic cells. The objective of the present study was to investigate the influence of physical exercise on plasma concentrations of the (R)-...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002280050119
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Drug shortages in developed countries pose a serious public health problem and have far-reaching implications for healthcare providers and their patients. Given the current state of the market, with the limited number of manufacturers and the array of manufacturing quality issues, drug shortages have become a global c...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00228-014-1747-1
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:This study aims to compare the prevalence of potentially inappropriate medicines (PIMs) and potential prescribing omissions (PPOs) using several screening tools in an Irish community-dwelling older cohort, to assess if the prevalence changes over time and to determine factors associated with any change. METHOD...
journal_title：European journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00228-015-1815-1
更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
