Abstract：
RATIONALE:Diazepam, a benzodiazepine with a relatively rapid onset of clinical effects, has been associated with suicide and other self-aggressive acts. The evidence for this association, however, comes exclusively from retrospective non-experimental studies. Although suggestive, the results of these studies do not support a cause-and-effect relationship between benzodiazepine consumption and self-aggressive behavior. OBJECTIVE:To experimentally examine the effect of diazepam on human self-aggressive behavior under controlled laboratory conditions. METHOD:Forty-six healthy men and women were randomly assigned to receive placebo, or 5 mg or 10 mg diazepam in a double-blind, between-groups design. Participants were then provided the opportunity to self-administer electric shocks during a competitive reaction-time task (the self-aggression paradigm, SAP). Self-aggression was defined by the intensity of shock chosen. RESULTS:Diazepam (10 mg) was associated with higher average shock self-administered than placebo. Subjects receiving 10 mg diazepam were also more likely to attempt to self-administer a shock that they were led to believe was "severe" and painful. Sedation effects were found, but diazepam consumption did not impair memory, attention, concentration, pain threshold, or reaction-time performance. CONCLUSIONS:Clinically relevant diazepam doses may be associated with self-aggressive behaviors at levels that do not significantly impair basic cognitive processes or psychomotor performance.
journal_name
Psychopharmacology (Berl)journal_title
Psychopharmacologyauthors
Berman ME,Jones GD,McCloskey MSdoi
10.1007/s00213-004-1966-8subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-02-01 00:00:00pages
100-6issue
1eissn
0033-3158issn
1432-2072journal_volume
178pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验abstract：:In the majority of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, long-term dopamine (DA) replacement therapy leads to dyskinesia characterized by abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs). There are various mechanisms of dyskinesia, such as the sensitization of striatal DA D1 receptors (D1R) and upregulation of DA D3 receptors (D3R)...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-019-05353-6
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:2-Bromoterguride, a dopamine D2 receptor partial agonist with antagonist properties at serotonin 5-HT2A receptors and α2C-adrenoceptors, meets the prerequisites of a putative atypical antipsychotic drug (APD). We recently showed that 2-bromoterguride is effective in tests of positive symptoms of schizophrenia...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-017-4747-x
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02245135
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A two flavour, unbiased, taste preference conditioning procedure was used to test for possible motivating effects of gamma 2-MSH. Three training trials failed to produce any significant effect with doses ranging from 2.4 to 40 micrograms/ICV infusion in drug-naive, non-operated or placebo-implanted rats. However, in r...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00634469
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two groups of socially housed rhesus monkeys were raised under conditions differing in the degree of control or mastery over appetitive stimuli (food, water, and treats) in the 1st year of life. At age 18-24 months, a benzodiazepine receptor inverse agonist, beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (beta-CCE), was...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02431537
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of the CCKB-receptor agonist pentagastrin, a synthetic analogue of the cholecystokinin tetrapeptide (CCK-4), were studied in seven patients suffering from obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and seven healthy controls. All subjects were challenged with an IV dose of 0.6 micrograms/kg pentagastrin or placeb...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/BF02247385
更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated the striatal dopamine-2 (D2) receptor occupancy caused by different antipsychotic substances in 18 psychotic patients (16 with schizophrenic and two with schizoaffective disorder according to DSM-IV) with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using 123I-iodobenzamide (IBZM) as tracer subst...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002130050409
更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Benzodiazepine agonists characteristically increase food intake in humans and non-human subjects, and the underlying mechanisms of this effect are not understood completely. OBJECTIVE:Compounds with selectivity for GABAA receptor subtypes were used to evaluate the role of GABAA receptors containing alpha1 an...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-006-0431-2
更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Information is sparse on neurotransmitter deficiencies in frontotemporal dementia (FTD), in particular with reference to distinct histological subgroups and Alzheimer's disease (AD). OBJECTIVES:To evaluate in FTD with the major histologies, and compare with AD and controls, neurotransmission indices, as thes...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-007-0992-8
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:State-dependent changes in physiological arousal may influence impulsive behaviours. OBJECTIVES:To examine the relationship between arousal and impulsivity, we assessed the effects of yohimbine (an α2-adrenergic receptor antagonist, which increases physiological arousal via noradrenaline release) on performa...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-018-5160-9
更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:We hypothesized that valerian root might prevent cognitive dysfunction in coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery patients through stimulating serotonin receptors and anti-inflammatory activity. OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Valeriana officinalis root extract on preventio...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00213-014-3716-x
更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of benztropine, scopolamine, atropine, methylatropine, amitriptyline, phencyclidine, and meperidine were determined alone and in conjunction with a behaviorally suppressing dose (0.05 mg/kg IM) of oxotremorine in pigeons responding under a multiple fixed-ratio 30 fixed-interval 5-min schedule of grain pres...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00433492
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00174684
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two sets of experiments were carried out to compare the effects of fenfluramine and fluoxetine on consummatory and operant behaviour. In food-deprived rats allowed access to a 35% sucrose solution, an initial period of sucrose consumption was followed by a short period of grooming and exploratory behaviour, later supe...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02245933
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An operant task for the measurement of sustained attention or vigilance in rats was characterized. The task requires the animals to respond to the presentation of visual signals (presented for 25, 50, or 500 ms) by operating one lever ("hits") and to the absence of a signal by operating the opposite lever ("correct re...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02246109
更新日期：1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Depressive disorders are conditions that often require continuous treatment, and it is therefore important to evaluate the consequences of prolonged administration. There are few studies assessing cognitive functions of depressed patients after long-term use of antidepressants. OBJECTIVES:This study evaluate...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-005-0274-2
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recently, evidence has emerged showing that the behavioural and hormonal features of fear extinction are altered as a result of reproductive experience in both rats and humans. The current set of experiments sought to determine whether reproductive experience also alters the molecular features of fear extinction. In a...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-018-4956-y
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ability of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabinol (CBN), cannabidiol (CBD), 11-OH THC and 8 alpha, 11-diOH THC to antagonise the abdominal constriction response in the mouse induced by formic acid, phenylquinone, 5-hydroxytryptamine, prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) and bradykinin was tested. THC was an effective a...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00432273
更新日期：1979-03-28 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Repeated high doses of morphine in the rat cause stereotypic gnawing behavior that can be re-expressed by a low dose of morphine weeks and even months after the initial treatment. The determination of the role of serotonin in this sensitized morphine-induced behavior has both empirical and theoretical relevan...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002130051083
更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Using a conditioned avoidance procedure in rats, the present study examined the ability of 8-OH-DPAT, ritanserin, and prazosin to alter the effects of the dopamine antagonists, raclopride and haloperidol, on avoidance- and on escape responding. The 5-HT1A agonist 8-OH-DPAT (0.16 mg/kg) significantly enhanced the inhib...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002130050124
更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00431655
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:The endogenous opioid system has been implicated in substance abuse and response to pharmacotherapies for nicotine and alcohol addiction. We examined (1) the association of the functional OPRM1 A118G variant with the relative reinforcing value of nicotine and (2) the main and interacting effects of the mu-opi...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-006-0504-2
更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002130051093
更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated the possibility that repeated electrical stimulation of the basolateral amygdala (kindling) would increase punished behavior, a pre-clinical indicator of anti-anxiety activity. Male Sprague-Dawley rats, prepared with electrodes in the left basolateral nucleus and frontal cortex, were trained to bar-pre...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00216053
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Administration of various doses of 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOI) to rats produced dose-related decreases in 1-h food intake in the food-deprived paradigm. Pretreatment with spiperone (5-HT1A/5-HT2/D2 antagonist), propranolol or CGP361A (beta-adrenoceptor antagonists that also have binding affinit...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02247721
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pigeons trained under a two-key drug discrimination procedure eventually learned to discriminate 5 mg/kg phenytoin from saline injections. When 1.25-20 mg/kg doses of phenytoin were substituted for the training dose, the percentage of responses directed to the phenytoin-appropriate key varied directly with dose. Chlor...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00433021
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of eight serotonin (5-HT) receptor antagonists on the anorectic effect of d-fenfluramine (3.0 mg/kg, IP) were examined in a test of sweet mash consumption, using non-deprived male rats. d-Fenfluramine's effect was attenuated by the mixed 5-HT1/5-HT2 receptor antagonists, methiothepin and metergoline; by th...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00442252
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have studied striatal D2 dopamine binding in schizophrenic patients treated with the novel atypical antipsychotic drug, olanzapine. 123I iodobenzamide (IBZM) single photon emission tomography (SPET) was used to estimate striatal dopamine D2 receptor binding in vivo. Patients were recruited from a prospective, doubl...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02245615
更新日期：1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is a latency period of several weeks before the onset of clinical effect of antidepressant drugs. The detailed mechanisms underlying drug-induced adaptive neuronal changes are not known. To elucidate the involvement of changes in gene expression of candidate transcription factors, we treated rats for 21 days wit...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002130000468
更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00
