Infusion of gamma 2-MSH produce a conditioned taste aversion in morphine-dependent rats.

abstract：:Two experiments were carried out on pigeons to assess the effects of acute ethanol (ETOH) administration on a delayed pair comparison procedure. ETOH disrupted performance at the two higher doses (1.0 and 2.0 g/kg, given orally). When the initial (zero delay) performance levels of treated and untreated birds were equa...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Sahgal A,Ekberg SC,Howell SJ,Iversen SD

更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Non-contingent chronic nicotine exposure procedures have evolved rapidly in recent years, culminating in electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS or e-cigarettes) to deliver vaporized drugs to rodents in standard housing chambers. OBJECTIVES:The aim of the current work was to use ENDS to test concentration...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Montanari C,Kelley LK,Kerr TM,Cole M,Gilpin NW

更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Tolerance to delay of gratification, taken to reflect impulsiveness, has been proposed to be under the preferential control of central serotonin (5-HT) processes. OBJECTIVE:The present study further examined the effects of drugs which directly or indirectly alter 5-HT transmission, on behaviour controlled by...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Bizot J,Le Bihan C,Puech AJ,Hamon M,Thiébot M

更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors play crucial roles in learning and memory, but the role of each NMDA receptor subtype in a specific cognitive process is unclear. Non-selective blockers of NMDA receptor are used to model the cognitive impairment in schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease. Counter-intuitive...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Kumar G,Olley J,Steckler T,Talpos J

更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Buprenorphine is a low-efficacy mu opioid agonist that can reduce drug taking in opioid abusers; however, the mechanism by which buprenorphine modifies the actions of other drug taking and the consequences of repeated treatment with buprenorphine are not fully understood. OBJECTIVE:The purposes of this study...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Galici R,Brandt MR,France CP

更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Hypericum perforatum L., known as St. John's wort (SJW), is used as a phytotherapeutic agent for the treatment of mild to moderate forms of depression. OBJECTIVES:The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of SJW extract (STW 3-VI; 250 and 500 mg/kg; p.o.) and fluoxetine (10 mg/kg, p.o.) on gene...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Jungke P,Ostrow G,Li JL,Norton S,Nieber K,Kelber O,Butterweck V

更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Microinjections of ethanol and acetaldehyde into ventral tegmental area (VTA) produce locomotor activation in rats through mechanisms dependent on the mu-opioid receptors. However, it is not clear how these drugs can interact with these receptors. It has been hypothesized that salsolinol could be the responsi...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Hipólito L,Sánchez-Catalán MJ,Zornoza T,Polache A,Granero L

更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Reduced serotonin neurotransmission is implicated in disorders of impulse control, but the involvement of serotonin in inhibitory processes in healthy human subjects remains unclear. OBJECTIVES:To investigate the effects of an acute manipulation of serotonin and genotype at a functional polymorphism in a gen...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Clark L,Roiser JP,Cools R,Rubinsztein DC,Sahakian BJ,Robbins TW

更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Nearly 25% of American adults remain regular smokers. Current smokers may be especially likely to possess characteristics that impair their ability to quit, such as impulsivity. Impulsive individuals may be overly prone to smoke because they are particularly drawn to rewarding stimuli and related cues. The...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Doran N,Spring B,McChargue D

更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the development of tolerance to ethanol and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal cortex (H-P-AC) system by modifying the H-P-AC system through the use of a synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone. Also this study determined whether repeated drug administr...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Wood WG

更新日期：1977-03-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Intravenous cocaine self-administration behavior in rats was investigated using a progressive ratio (PR) schedule of reinforcement. The first response on the lever each day produced a drug infusion, whereupon the requirements of the schedule escalated with each reinforcement until the behavior extinguished. The final ...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Roberts DC,Loh EA,Vickers G

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) re-uptake inhibitors (SNRIs) have been proposed to have a higher efficacy and/or faster onset of action than previously available antidepressants. OBJECTIVES:We examined in biochemical, electrophysiological and behavioural assays the antidepressant properties of (S)-(...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Artaiz I,Zazpe A,Innerárity A,Del Olmo E,Díaz A,Ruiz-Ortega JA,Castro E,Pena R,Labeaga L,Pazos A,Orjales A

更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:There is a close relationship between arousal and pupil diameter, decrease in the level of arousal being accompanied by constriction of the pupil (miosis), probably reflecting the attenuation of sympathetic outflow as sedation sets in. Paradoxically, sedation induced by benzodiazepines is not accompanied by m...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Hou RH,Samuels ER,Langley RW,Szabadi E,Bradshaw CM

更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES:Blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) contrast pharmacological magnetic resonance imaging (phMRI) is an increasingly popular technique that allows the non-invasive investigation of spatial and temporal changes in rat brain function in response to pharmacological stimulation in vivo. Rat brain BOL...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Steward CA,Marsden CA,Prior MJ,Morris PG,Shah YB

更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE/OBJECTIVES:Previous research has shown that ecstasy users are impaired in thinking and reasoning. The present study sought to explore the possibility that syllogistic reasoning errors in ecstasy users were due to an inability to construct a model of the premises due to working memory limitations. METHODS:Twe...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Fisk JE,Montgomery C,Wareing M,Murphy PN

更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A technique is described for studying exploratory as well as stereotyped behaviour in rats using an automated hole-board. Both visual and automated recordings can be employed using the technique. Hole dipping is monitored automatically using an infra-red detector system. Repetitive patterns of hole-dipping are used as...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Makanjuola RO,Hill G,Maben I,Dow RC,Ashcroft GW

更新日期：1977-05-09 00:00:00

abstract：:We have studied striatal D2 dopamine binding in schizophrenic patients treated with the novel atypical antipsychotic drug, olanzapine. 123I iodobenzamide (IBZM) single photon emission tomography (SPET) was used to estimate striatal dopamine D2 receptor binding in vivo. Patients were recruited from a prospective, doubl...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Pilowsky LS,Busatto GF,Taylor M,Costa DC,Sharma T,Sigmundsson T,Ell PJ,Nohria V,Kerwin RW

更新日期：1996-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three-hour sessions of differential reinforcement of low-rate behavior (DRL 45-s) in rats were used to investigate alprazolam, caffeine, and their interactions at the onset, peak and disappearance of serum alprazolam, while caffeine level remained constant. The dose-response curve (DRC) method of Pöch permitted an ext...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Lau CE,Wang J

更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Prior research suggests that high levels of acetylcholine (ACh) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) are associated with aversive states such as morphine withdrawal, but this has not been tested for nicotine withdrawal. OBJECTIVES:The goal was to test the hypothesis that acute nicotine decreases extracellular ACh ...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Rada P,Jensen K,Hoebel BG

更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study examined the effects of intrahippocampal injections of scopolamine (a muscarinic antagonist drug) on performance of a working-memory task (contingently reinforced T-maze alternation) and a reference-memory task (visual discrimination) by the same rats in the same maze. Rats in the first shipment were traine...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Brito GN,Davis BJ,Stopp LC,Stanton ME

更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Opioid antagonism reduces the consumption of palatable foods in humans but the neural substrates implicated in these effects are less well understood. OBJECTIVES:The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of the opioid antagonist, naltrexone, on neural response to rewarding and aversive sight an...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Murray E,Brouwer S,McCutcheon R,Harmer CJ,Cowen PJ,McCabe C

更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three recently arrived drug naive Cebus apella monkeys with "spontaneous" stereotyped oral movements were treated with apomorphine and haloperidol using a wide dose range. Low doses of apomorphine (0.05-0.1 mg/kg) suppressed the oral stereotypies without affecting normal behaviour such as grooming and scratching. High...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Korsgaard S,Povlsen UJ,Randrup A

更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We examined the possibility that anoxia at birth can alter behavioral sensitization to amphetamine during adulthood. Male rats born either vaginally or by Cesarean section with or without an additional 15-min period of anoxia received five once-daily injections of either d-amphetamine (2.0 mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle or n...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Brake WG,Boksa P,Gratton A

更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Recent studies have suggested that the salutary actions of clozapine in schizophrenia may be due to selective activation of M(1) muscarinic receptors by clozapine and/or its major active metabolite N-desmethylclozapine. OBJECTIVE:We systematically tested this hypothesis by screening a large number of psychoa...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Davies MA,Compton-Toth BA,Hufeisen SJ,Meltzer HY,Roth BL

更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:It has been proposed that brain aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) plays a role in the modulation of some psychopharmacological effects of ethanol. Diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC), an ALDH inhibitor, elevates blood acetaldehyde levels in the presence of ethanol. Concurrent administration with 4-methylpyrazole (4-MP)...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Escarabajal MD,Aragon CM

更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Batteries of tests that are thought to measure different aspects of anxiety-related behaviour are used to characterise mice after genetic or pharmacological manipulation. However, because of the potentially confounding effects of repeated testing and natural intra-individual variations in behaviour over time,...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Fraser LM,Brown RE,Hussin A,Fontana M,Whittaker A,O'Leary TP,Lederle L,Holmes A,Ramos A

更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The cataleptogenic effect of delta 9-THC was compared to its discriminative stimulus effects in rats. The ED50s for the discriminative stimulus and catalepsy were 0.8 and 4.0 mg/kg, respectively, while their time courses were very similar. The ED50 of delta 9-THC for catalepsy in experimentally naive rats was not diff...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Prescott WR,Gold LH,Martin BR

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rats were trained to self-administer cocaine in 1-h sessions on a fixed ratio 5 (FR5) schedule of reinforcement. Acquisition was carried out at a unit dose of 0.3 mg/kg and responding was then stabilized at cocaine doses of 0.1, 0.3, and 1.0 mg/kg/infusion. Pretreatments with naltrexone (0.1-10 mg/kg, SC) 20 min prior...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Corrigall WA,Coen KM

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Depressed patients robustly exhibit affective biases in emotional processing which are altered by SSRIs and predict clinical outcome. OBJECTIVES:The objective of this study is to investigate whether psilocybin, recently shown to rapidly improve mood in treatment-resistant depression (TRD), alters patients' e...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Stroud JB,Freeman TP,Leech R,Hindocha C,Lawn W,Nutt DJ,Curran HV,Carhart-Harris RL

更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Intramuscular (IM) conventional antipsychotics and/or benzodiazepines are effective in the short-term treatment of acutely agitated psychotic patients but may be associated with adverse effects. A short-acting IM formulation of the novel antipsychotic, ziprasidone, which may offer advantages over conventional...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Daniel DG,Potkin SG,Reeves KR,Swift RH,Harrigan EP

更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00