Abstract:
:The anatomical structure of the basal ganglia indicates that the input from the cerebral cortex is funnelled through the striatum to the globus pallidus and substantia nigra. This structure implies integration of the information as it is transferred through the basal ganglia. In order to investigate this integration, we studied the collateralization of striatal efferents to the globus pallidus and the substantia nigra-ventral tegmental area. Retrogradely transported fluorescent tracers were injected into the target areas of striatal efferents. Nuclear yellow or propidium iodide was injected into the substantia nigra-ventral tegmental area (SN-VTA) and 4-acetamido, 4'-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (SITS) into the globus pallidus (GP) of adult albino rats. SITS was chosen for the pallidal injections because it is not taken up by fibers-of-passage. The pressure injections resulted in large injection sites which covered the majority of each efferent target area, and as a result retrogradely labeled cell bodies were found throughout the entire extent of the striatum. Cell bodies double-labeled with both dyes were found intermingled with single-labeled cell bodies. In rats injected with propidium iodide in the SN-VTA and SITS in the GP, 70% of all neurons (as revealed by Nissl staining) were labeled. Of these labeled cells, 40% were double labeled, 20% contained only SITS and 40% contained only propidium iodide. Thus a substantial number of the striatal neurons that project to the SN-VTA also possess collateral axons to the GP. Some striatal neurons appear to project to only the SN-VTA or only to the GP. The cells projecting to only one of these striatal target regions tend to cluster together in patches. The organizational pattern of these patches does not seem to coincide in any simple way with the mosaic pattern of striatal opiate receptors, nor with the previously described mosaic pattern of striatal afferents and various neurotransmitter substances.
journal_name
Brain Resjournal_title
Brain researchauthors
Loopuijt LD,van der Kooy Ddoi
10.1016/0006-8993(85)90363-4subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1985-11-25 00:00:00pages
86-99issue
1eissn
0006-8993issn
1872-6240pii
0006-8993(85)90363-4journal_volume
348pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
BRAIN RESEARCH文献大全abstract::Previous studies have demonstrated that some anticonvulsant drugs can modulate tolerance to the opioid analgesia. In the present study, the effects of lamotrigine (LTG) on the development and expression of tolerance to the morphine-induced antinociception were evaluated using tail-flick test. To assess the LTG effects...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2009.07.014
更新日期:2009-09-29 00:00:00
abstract::The neuropeptide alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) is synthesized by discrete populations of hypothalamic neurons which project in different brain regions including the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and amygdala nuclei. The purpose of the present study was to identify the alpha-MSH-immunoreactive species...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(90)90471-m
更新日期:1990-04-16 00:00:00
abstract::It has been hypothesized that mitochondrial respiratory chain dysfunction leads to a pyrimidine deficiency since the pyrimidine biosynthetic enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase is coupled to the electron transport chain. The uridine prodrug triacetyluridine (PN401) is neuroprotective in several models of neurodegenera...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2005.10.056
更新日期:2005-12-20 00:00:00
abstract::Intracellular and extracellular recordings from CA3 hippocampal neurons in vitro were used to study the ability of several NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor antagonists to suppress epileptiform bursts induced by NMDA and convulsants not thought to act at NMDA receptors. The antagonists, APV (D-2-amino-5-phosphonova...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(88)90642-7
更新日期:1988-09-06 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of the protein kinase C enzyme inhibitor H-7 was examined on the brain edema formation evoked by bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries in Sprague-Dawley rats of CFY strain. Brain edema was assessed by measurement of water and electrolyte contents of the brain. The results showed that pretreatme...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(89)90439-3
更新日期:1989-06-19 00:00:00
abstract::Glucocorticoids (GC) provide neuroprotection and early recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI). While several mechanisms were proposed to account for these effects, limited information exists regarding GC actions in sensory areas of the spinal cord. Presently, we studied the time course of Fos expression, and reduced ...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(01)02717-2
更新日期:2001-09-07 00:00:00
abstract::The success of neuromodulation therapies, particularly in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves, has been greatly aided by computational, biophysical models. However, treating gastrointestinal disorders with electrical stimulation has been much less explored, partly because the mode of action of such treatment...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2018.02.038
更新日期:2018-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::K+ and Cl- transport using 42K+ and 36Cl- was studied in primary astrocyte cultures prepared from neonatal rat brains. A component of 42K+ uptake was sensitive to both furosemide and bumetanide with maximum inhibition being obtained at 1 and 0.01 mM concentrations of the inhibitors, respectively. Furosemide and bumeta...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(85)91282-x
更新日期:1985-12-30 00:00:00
abstract::We have developed a RNA-RNA solution hybridization assay to quantitate the mRNA coding for prodynorphin precursor. This assay is extremely sensitive and highly specific. Using this assay we have measured the prodynorphin mRNA in various brain regions and reproductive tissues of rat. When we compared the distribution o...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(87)80011-2
更新日期:1987-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hypothalamic stimulation generally inhibits baroreflex-induced bradycardia. However, we have noted discrete areas of the rat hypothalamus which facilitate reflex bradycardia. The effects of hypothalamic stimulation on baroreflex-induced changes in heart rate were investigated in urethane-anesthetized rats (1.2 g/kg, i...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(86)91163-7
更新日期:1986-10-08 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of the serotonin precursor 5-HTP, were determined in a behavioral DNIC paradigm (increase in vocalization threshold after intraperitoneal injection of the algogenic agent, phenylbenzoquinone). This counter-irritation phenomenon was strongly potentiated by 5-HTP, such potentiation being blocked by the 5-HT ...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(82)90384-5
更新日期:1982-01-14 00:00:00
abstract::The development from primary to augmenting responses of somatosensory (SI) cortical area to low-frequency stimulation of the ventrobasal (VB) thalamus or white matter (WM) beneath SI in VB-lesioned preparations was studied by field potential analysis and extracellular unit recording. Compared to the major postsynaptic...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(81)90719-8
更新日期:1981-01-26 00:00:00
abstract::Kinins, a special class of polypeptides, are represented by bradykinin (BK), kallidin (Lys-BK), as well as their metabolites. The biological actions of these polypeptides binding on their receptors (B1 and B2) have been related to inflammation process, cytokines action, glutamate release and prostaglandins production....
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2003.12.050
更新日期:2004-04-23 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanism of the antinociceptive effect of the tricyclic antidepressant imipramine was investigated in mice. Intrathecal (i.t.) administration of imipramine produced dose-dependent antinociception in the tail-pinch and tail-flick tests with ED50 values (95% confidence limit) of 27.5 (17.0-43.9) and 20.2 (12.6-32.2...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(92)90344-9
更新日期:1992-05-22 00:00:00
abstract::Using mild heat shock of rat brain slices as a model for cellular insult, corticosteroid-mediated regulation of protein synthesis has been investigated. Following a single in vivo injection of rats with corticosterone or the Type II glucocorticoid receptor agonist, RU-28362, synthesis of a 28 kDa protein is elevated i...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(99)01988-5
更新日期:1999-11-13 00:00:00
abstract::Buffy coat of three members from a family with Alzheimer's disease was inoculated into hamster brains. Eighteen months after the inoculation, all experimental animals were sacrificed for the neuropathological study. Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed no gross vacuolar degeneration, or neuronal loss in the cortex. The s...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(91)90949-v
更新日期:1991-06-14 00:00:00
abstract::Hereditary Cystatin C Amyloid Angiopathy (HCCAA) is a rare genetic disease in Icelandic families caused by a mutation in the cystatin C gene, CST3. HCCAA is classified as a cerebral amyloid angiopathy and mutant cystatin C forms amyloid deposits in cerebral arteries resulting in fatal haemorrhagic strokes in young adu...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2013.08.029
更新日期:2013-10-16 00:00:00
abstract::The midbrain raphe nuclei (nucleus raphe dorsalis and nucleus raphe medialis) were destroyed by electrocoaggulation in rats. On the first few days following the lesion, a marked hyperactivity was observed in lesioned animals as well as in shame-operated controls. Between the 5th and 36th days after the lesion, sleep p...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(80)91218-4
更新日期:1980-08-04 00:00:00
abstract::A possible role for neuropeptides in affective disorders is suggested by many investigators. Somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SS-LI) and neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity (NPY-LI) concentrations are demonstrated to be reduced in cerebrospinal fluid from depressed patients. We have shown that long-term treatment ...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(92)90850-9
更新日期:1992-12-18 00:00:00
abstract::By using a proteomic approach, we found increased levels of carbonic anhydrase II (CA II) in the brain of Ts65Dn mice, a mouse model for Down syndrome (DS). Further immunoblot analyses showed that the levels of CA II are increased not only in the brain of adult Ts65Dn mice but also in the brain of infants and young ch...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2007.11.023
更新日期:2008-01-23 00:00:00
abstract::The present study was designed to assess the effect of protein kinase C (PKC) and cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) on desensitization of Torpedo acetylcholine (ACh) receptors by analyzing summated macroscopic currents in an outside-out patch-clamp configuration. Normal ACh receptors desensitized with a fast (6 ms) ...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(98)00836-1
更新日期:1998-11-23 00:00:00
abstract::This cross-sectional study was designed to investigate grey matter changes that occur in healthy aging and the relationship between grey matter characteristics and executive functioning. Thirty-six young adults (18-30 years old) and 43 seniors (60-75 years old) were included. A general executive score was derived from...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2016.04.045
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examined the behavioral effects of agents active at the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA(A)) receptor complex in the mouse staircase paradigm. The neuroactivesteroids dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) were compared with the benzodiazepine agonist clonazepam, the non-benz...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(01)02331-9
更新日期:2001-05-18 00:00:00
abstract::The distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-immunoreactive (IR) fibers and cell bodies was studied in the spinal cord and the medulla oblongata of the grey monkey (Macaca fascicularis) using peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) immunohistochemistry. At all levels of the spinal cord many CGRP-IR motoneurons a...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(91)90787-v
更新日期:1991-09-06 00:00:00
abstract::The suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus receives dense serotonergic projections from the raphe nuclei. This input may be involved in the transmission of photic information with activation of 5-HT receptors at night having a photo-mimetic effect. 5-HT2C receptors have been implicated in this role, with 5-HT2C r...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2008.02.091
更新日期:2008-05-13 00:00:00
abstract::Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly heterogeneous and aggressive brain tumor. Comprehensive genomic and transcriptomic analyses revealed that GBM segregates into three subgroups with characteristic signaling pathways. The Wnt pathway recently received increasing attention with the recognition of its importance in tumor dev...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2019.05.008
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cellular distribution of the two forms of SERCA2 was examined in adult chicken brain. Four regions of the brain were analyzed with three immunological reagents: a monoclonal antibody that recognizes both forms of SERCA2, and two antisera which are specific for the two alternative forms, SERCA2b or SERCA2a. Cerebellar ...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(93)91357-x
更新日期:1993-03-05 00:00:00
abstract::Reduced neuronal plasticity in the striatum, hippocampus, and neocortex is a common feature of transgenic mouse models of Huntington's disease (HD). Doublecortin (DCX) and polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) are associated with structural plasticity in the adult mammalian brain, are markers of newl...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2007.03.018
更新日期:2007-06-02 00:00:00
abstract::The behaviour and cognitive abilities of marmosets with bilateral ablations of either the archicortex on the mediodorsal surface or the paleocortex on the ventrolateral surface of the frontal lobes were assessed in terms of the types of information being handled, the mode of action (inhibitory versus productive mechan...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(93)90937-i
更新日期:1993-11-19 00:00:00
abstract::Migraine and anxiety disorders are frequently co-morbid with balance disorders. This study examined the relative distribution of subtypes of serotonin (5-HT) receptor in the inner ear of monkeys and rats. Most vestibular ganglion cells were immunoreactive for 5-HT(1B) and 5-HT(1D) receptors in macaques and rats. In th...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2010.05.057
更新日期:2010-07-30 00:00:00