What can epidemiology tell us about risks at low doses?

abstract：:We examined the effects of X irradiation on activation of the promoter of the human HSP70B gene, which is activated only after heat shock. The HSP70B promoter was ligated to the bacterial beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) gene, and the reporter plasmid was transfected into NCI-H1299 carcinoma cells. The expression of the ...

journal_title：Radiation research

authors： Suzuki K,Kodama S,Watanabe M

更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nonhuman organisms are being exposed to ionizing radiations at radionuclide-contaminated sites around the world. Direct methods are seldom available for measuring biologically relevant doses received by these organisms. Here we extend biological dosimetry techniques, which are much better developed for humans and a fe...

journal_title：Radiation research

authors： Ulsh BA,Mühlmann-Díaz MC,Whicker FW,Hinton TG,Congdon JD,Bedford JS

更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is growing scientific, regulatory and public concern over anthropogenic input of radionuclides to the aquatic environment, especially given the issues surrounding existing nuclear waste, future energy demand and past or potential nuclear accidents. A change in the approach to how we protect the environment from ...

journal_title：Radiation research

authors： Dallas LJ,Keith-Roach M,Lyons BP,Jha AN

更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have investigated how radiation quality affects the induction of chromosomal aberrations in human cells. Human lymphocytes were irradiated in vitro with various energies of accelerated high charge and energy (HZE) particles including oxygen, neon, silicon, titanium and iron. Chromosome damage was assessed using thr...

journal_title：Radiation research

authors： George KA,Hada M,Chappell L,Cucinotta FA

更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The correlation between the protein content of nuclei and heat-induced cell killing was determined for HeLa cells with various levels of thermotolerance. Thermotolerance was induced by heating cells at 45 degrees C for 15 or 30 min and then incubating them at 37 degrees C for 5 or 24 h. This procedure resulted in four...

journal_title：Radiation research

authors： Roti Roti JL,Turkel N

更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Molecular oxygen has long been recognized as a powerful radiosensitizer that enhances the cell-killing efficiency of ionizing radiation. Radiosensitization by oxygen occurs at very low concentrations with the half-maximum radiosensitization at approximately 3 mmHg. However, robust hypoxia-induced signal transduction c...

journal_title：Radiation research

authors： Liu C,Lin Q,Yun Z

更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Differentiation of Friend erythroleukemia cells (FELC) was induced with 1.5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in the culture medium. Cell growth, erythroid differentiation, and radiosensitivity of the proliferative capacity of the cells were measured and compared to a noninduced control culture of identical age. Induced cell...

journal_title：Radiation research

authors： Einspenner M,Boulton JE,Borsa J

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have manipulated the extracellular Ca2+ concentration (1.8 mM in normal Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium) to test whether the resulting effect on intracellular free Ca2+ homeostasis was similar in heat-sterilized and nonheated mouse NIH-3T3 cells. The responsiveness of the intracellular free Ca2+ concentration to...

journal_title：Radiation research

authors： Wang ZH,Vidair CA,Dewey WC

更新日期：1991-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Low doses of ionizing radiation to cells and animals may induce adaptive responses that reduce the risk of cancer. However, there are upper dose thresholds above which these protective adaptive responses do not occur. We have now tested the hypothesis that there are similar lower dose thresholds that must be exceeded ...

journal_title：Radiation research

authors： Mitchel RE,Burchart P,Wyatt H

更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ionizing radiation induces bistranded clustered damages--two or more abasic sites, oxidized bases and strand breaks on opposite DNA strands within a few helical turns. Since clusters are refractory to repair and are potential sources of double-strand breaks (DSBs), they are potentially lethal and mutagenic. Although i...

journal_title：Radiation research

authors： Hada M,Sutherland BM

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Abstract Pataky, K., Villanueva, G., Liani, A., Zgheib, O., Jenkins, N., Halazonetis, D. J., Halazonetis, T. D. and Brugger, J. Microcollimator for Micrometer-Wide Stripe Irradiation of Cells Using 20-30 keV X Rays. Radiat. Res. 172, 252-259 (2009). The exposure of subnuclear compartments of cells to ionizing radiatio...

journal_title：Radiation research

authors： Pataky K,Villanueva G,Liani A,Zgheib O,Jenkins N,Halazonetis DJ,Halazonetis TD,Brugger J

更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of captopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and a known suppressor of fibrosis, in preventing late radiation-induced cardiac pathology. Myocardial functional, histochemical and ultrastructural-morphometric studies were done on perfused hearts of rats isolated...

journal_title：Radiation research

authors： Yarom R,Harper IS,Wynchank S,van Schalkwyk D,Madhoo J,Williams K,Salie R,Genade S,Lochner A

更新日期：1993-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Trypanothione is a unique diglutathionyl-spermidine conjugate found in abundance in trypanosomes but not in other eukaryotes. Because trypanothione is a naturally occurring polyamine thiol reminiscent of the synthetic drug amifostine, it may be a useful protector against radiation and oxidative stress. For these reaso...

journal_title：Radiation research

authors： Fitzgerald MP,Madsen JM,Coleman MC,Teoh ML,Westphal SG,Spitz DR,Radi R,Domann FE

更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Little computational or experimental information is available on site-specific hydroxyl attack probabilities to DNA. In this study, an atomistic stochastic model of OH radical reactions with DNA was developed to compute relative OH attack probabilities at individual deoxyribose hydrogen atoms. A model of the self-comp...

journal_title：Radiation research

authors： Aydogan B,Marshall DT,Swarts SG,Turner JE,Boone AJ,Richards NG,Bolch WE

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Using an electron storage ring as a source of radiation, the wavelength dependence of inactivation and membrane damage in yeast cells (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was investigated in the range from 145 to 254 nm, with special reference to the effects of vacuum-uv radiation. The cells were irradiated on a Millipore filte...

journal_title：Radiation research

authors： Ito T,Ito A,Hieda K,Kobayashi K

更新日期：1983-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Numerous experimental and clinical studies have been completed regarding the effects of carbogen and nicotinamide on tumor oxygenation and radiosensitivity. The current study incorporates three physiological measurement techniques to further define spatial variations in oxygen availability and development of hypoxia a...

journal_title：Radiation research

authors： Fenton BM,Lord EM,Paoni SF

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The purpose of this paper is to validate a metabolic model describing the kinetics of tritium in man. The validation is based on measurements of background levels of loose and bound tritium in Italian subjects and their diets. Model predictions are compared with empirical measurements of tritium in human urine and tis...

journal_title：Radiation research

authors： Travis CC,Etnier EL,Hetrick DM

更新日期：1984-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The structural maintenance of chromosome 1 (Smc1) protein is a member of the highly conserved cohesin complex and is involved in sister chromatid cohesion. In response to ionizing radiation, Smc1 is phosphorylated at two sites, Ser-957 and Ser-966, and these phosphorylation events are dependent on the ATM protein kina...

journal_title：Radiation research

authors： Ivey RG,Moore HD,Voytovich UJ,Thienes CP,Lorentzen TD,Pogosova-Agadjanyan EL,Frayo S,Izaguirre VK,Lundberg SJ,Hedin L,Badiozamani KR,Hoofnagle AN,Stirewalt DL,Wang P,Georges GE,Gopal AK,Paulovich AG

更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hyperthermic sensitivities of Escherichia coli B/r and Bs-1 were determined for lag-, midlog-, and stationary-phase cells at 47, 48, and 49 degrees C. In both strains midlog-phase cells were strikingly more heat sensitive (100-fold greater killing after 4 h at 48 degrees C) than stationary-phase cells, with intermedia...

journal_title：Radiation research

authors： Yatvin MB,Gipp JJ,Klessig DR,Dennis WH

更新日期：1986-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Four programs have been written to enable radiobiologists to build a computer data base of cellular dose-survival data, calculate cell survival with a correction for cell multiplicity at the time of irradiation, fit various survival models to the data by iteratively weighted least squares, and calculate the ratio of s...

journal_title：Radiation research

authors： Albright N

更新日期：1987-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hypoxic BP-8 murine sarcoma cells were exposed to misonidazole and/or radiation and the kinetics and extent of cell death were evaluated with the [125I]iododeoxyuridine-prelabeling assay. Cell death after treatment with lethal doses of misonidazole was rapid and essentially complete within 2 or 3 days after drug expos...

journal_title：Radiation research

authors： Hofer KG,Friedland JL,Dynlacht J,Hofer MG

更新日期：1987-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pulse radiolysis and 60Co gamma radiolysis were used to study the effects of ionizing radiations on the activity of glutamate dehydrogenase. Hydroxyl radicals are considerably more effective than hydrated electrons in causing loss of enzymatic activity. Evidence is also presented that the free radical anions (SCN)-.2,...

journal_title：Radiation research

authors： Abu El Failat RR,Moore JS,Davies JV

更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Base damage flanking a radiation-induced DNA double-strand break (DSB) may contribute to DSB complexity and affect break repair. However, to date, an isolated radiation-induced DSB has not been assessed for such structures at the molecular level. In this study, an authentic site-specific radiation-induced DSB was prod...

journal_title：Radiation research

authors： Datta K,Jaruga P,Dizdaroglu M,Neumann RD,Winters TA

更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This is the 14th report in a series of periodic general reports on mortality in the Life Span Study (LSS) cohort of atomic bomb survivors followed by the Radiation Effects Research Foundation to investigate the late health effects of the radiation from the atomic bombs. During the period 1950-2003, 58% of the 86,611 L...

journal_title：Radiation research

authors： Ozasa K,Shimizu Y,Suyama A,Kasagi F,Soda M,Grant EJ,Sakata R,Sugiyama H,Kodama K

更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We studied the effects of extremely low-frequency (50 Hz) electromagnetic fields (EMFs) on peripheral human blood lymphocytes and DBY747 Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Graded exposure to 50 Hz magnetic flux density was obtained with a Helmholtz coil system set at 1, 10 or 100 microT for 18 h. The effects of EMFs on DNA dam...

journal_title：Radiation research

authors： Luceri C,De Filippo C,Giovannelli L,Blangiardo M,Cavalieri D,Aglietti F,Pampaloni M,Andreuccetti D,Pieri L,Bambi F,Biggeri A,Dolara P

更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The radiation dose received by crew members in interplanetary space is influenced by the stage of the solar cycle. Using the recently developed models of the galactic cosmic radiation (GCR) environment and the energy-dependent radiation transport code, we have calculated the dose at 0 and 5 cm water depth; using a com...

journal_title：Radiation research

authors： Badhwar GD,Cucinotta FA,O'Neill PM

更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A plasma membrane-rich fraction has been separated from liver cells and cells of two solid rat tumors. D23 hepatoma and MC7 sarcoma. On the basis of marker enzyme activity the membranes separating at the 31-41% interface on the discontinuous sucrose gradient were enriched 15- to 19-fold. No significant differences in ...

journal_title：Radiation research

authors： Barker CJ,Bowler K

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To investigate whether exposure to atomic bomb radiation altered the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection or accelerated the progress toward chronic hepatitis after HCV infection, the seropositivity of antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) was determined for 6,121 participants in the Adult Health Study o...

journal_title：Radiation research

authors： Fujiwara S,Kusumi S,Cologne J,Akahoshi M,Kodama K,Yoshizawa H

更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We present measurements of low-energy (<18 eV) electron-stimulated desorption of anions from acetamide (CH(3)CONH(2)) and dimethyl disulfide [DMDS: (CH(3)S)(2)] films. Electron irradiation of physisorbed CH(3)CONH(2) produces H(-), CH(3)(-) and O(-) anions, whereas the H(-), CH(2)(-), CH(3)(-), S(-), SH(-) and SCH(3)(...

journal_title：Radiation research

authors： Abdoul-Carime H,Cecchini S,Sanche L

更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The induction of thymic lymphomas by whole-body X irradiation with four doses of 1.8 Gy (total dose: 7.2 Gy) in C57BL/6 mice was suppressed from a high frequency (90%) to 63% by preirradiation with 0.075 Gy X rays given 6 h before each 1.8-Gy irradiation. This level was further suppressed to 43% by continuous whole-bo...

journal_title：Radiation research

authors： Ina Y,Tanooka H,Yamada T,Sakai K

更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00