Abstract：
:Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), due to saxitoxin and related compounds, typically results from the consumption of filter-feeding molluscan shellfish that concentrate toxins from marine dinoflagellates. In addition to these microalgal sources, saxitoxin and related compounds, referred to in this review as STXs, are also produced in freshwater cyanobacteria and have been associated with calcareous red macroalgae. STXs are transferred and bioaccumulate throughout aquatic food webs, and can be vectored to terrestrial biota, including humans. Fisheries closures and human intoxications due to STXs have been documented in several non-traditional (i.e. non-filter-feeding) vectors. These include, but are not limited to, marine gastropods, both carnivorous and grazing, crustacea, and fish that acquire STXs through toxin transfer. Often due to spatial, temporal, or a species disconnection from the primary source of STXs (bloom forming dinoflagellates), monitoring and management of such non-traditional PSP vectors has been challenging. A brief literature review is provided for filter feeding (traditional) and non-filter feeding (non-traditional) vectors of STXs with specific reference to human effects. We include several case studies pertaining to management actions to prevent PSP, as well as food poisoning incidents from STX(s) accumulation in non-traditional PSP vectors.
journal_name
Mar Drugsjournal_title
Marine drugsauthors
Deeds JR,Landsberg JH,Etheridge SM,Pitcher GC,Longan SWdoi
10.3390/md20080015subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-06-10 00:00:00pages
308-48issue
2issn
1660-3397journal_volume
6pub_type
杂志文章,评审相关文献
Marine Drugs文献大全abstract：:In recent years, due to an expansion of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, there has been growing interest in biodegradable and antibacterial polymers that can be used in selected biomedical applications. The present work describes the synthesis of antimicrobial polylactide-copper alginate (PLA-ALG-Cu2+) composite f...
journal_title：Marine drugs
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/md18120660
更新日期：2020-12-21 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of the present work was to load a Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS) hydroalcoholic extract into in situ gelling formulations for the treatment of oral mucositis and esophagitis. Such formulations, selected as the most promising options in a previous work of ours, were composed by κ-carrageenan (κ-CG), a sulfated marine...
journal_title：Marine drugs
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/md17030153
更新日期：2019-03-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Bone defects in human, caused by fractures/nonunions or trauma, gain increasing impact and have become a medical challenge in the present-day aging population. Frequently, those fractures require surgical intervention which ideally relies on autografts or suboptimally on allografts. Therefore, it is pressing and likew...
journal_title：Marine drugs
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/md11030718
更新日期：2013-03-08 00:00:00
abstract：:Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a PI3K-related serine/threonine protein kinase that functions as a master regulator of cellular growth and metabolism, in response to nutrient and hormonal stimuli. mTOR functions in two distinct complexes-mTORC1 is sensitive to rapamycin, while, mTORC2 is insensitive to this dr...
journal_title：Marine drugs
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/md16100385
更新日期：2018-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Chemical investigation on the soft coral Sarcophyton sp. collected from the South China Sea yielded three new polyhydroxylated steroids, compounds (1-3), together with seven known ones (4-10). Their structures were established by extensive spectroscopic methods and comparison of their data with those of the related kn...
journal_title：Marine drugs
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/md11124788
更新日期：2013-12-02 00:00:00
abstract：:Chemical interactions play a fundamental role in the ecology of marine foodwebs. Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is a ubiquitous marine trace gas that acts as a bioactive compound by eliciting foraging behavior in a range of marine taxa including the copepod Temora longicornis. Production of DMS can rapidly increase following ...
journal_title：Marine drugs
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/md11072486
更新日期：2013-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Early acute kidney injury (AKI) is a devastating complication in critical burn patients, and it is associated with severe morbidity and mortality. The mechanism of AKI is multifactorial. Astaxanthin (ATX) is a natural compound that is widely distributed in marine organisms; it is a strong antioxidant and exhibits othe...
journal_title：Marine drugs
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/md13042105
更新日期：2015-04-13 00:00:00
abstract：:The deterioration of bone formation is a leading cause of age-related bone disorders. Lack of bone formation is induced by decreased osteoblastogenesis. In this study, osteoblastogenesis promoting effects of algal phlorotannin, phlorofucofuroeckol A (PFF-A), were evaluated. PFF-A was isolated from brown alga Eckloniac...
journal_title：Marine drugs
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/md17100543
更新日期：2019-09-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Two new cyclotetrapeptides, sartoryglabramides A (5) and B (6), and a new analog of fellutanine A (8) were isolated, together with six known compounds including ergosta-4, 6, 8 (14), 22-tetraen-3-one, ergosterol 5, 8-endoperoxide, helvolic acid, aszonalenin (1), (3R)-3-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-1,4-benzodia...
journal_title：Marine drugs
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/md14070136
更新日期：2016-07-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Two new diphenyl ethers (1 and 2) and four new phenolic bisabolane sesquiterpenoids (3⁻6), together with five known related derivatives, were isolated from the culture of the endophytic fungus Aspergillus flavus QQSG-3 obtained from a fresh branch of Kandelia obobata, which was collected from Huizhou city in the provi...
journal_title：Marine drugs
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/md16090307
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Organisms lacking external defense mechanisms have developed chemical defense strategies, particularly through the production of secondary metabolites with antibiotic or repellent effects. Secondary metabolites from marine organisms have proven to be an exceptionally rich source of small molecules with pharmacological...
journal_title：Marine drugs
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/md14010001
更新日期：2015-12-22 00:00:00
abstract：:Two new indole-diterpenoids (1 and 2) and a new isocoumarin (3), along with the known β-aflatrem (4), paspalinine (5), leporin B (6), α-cyclopiazonic acid (7), iso-α-cyclopiazonic acid (8), ditryptophenaline (9), aflatoxin B1 (10), 7-O-acetylkojic acid (11) and kojic acid (12), were isolated from the fermentation brot...
journal_title：Marine drugs
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/md12073970
更新日期：2014-06-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Chemical analysis of the Indonesian sponge Plakortis cfr. lita afforded two new analogues of the potent trypanocidal agent manadoperoxide B (1), namely 12-isomanadoperoxide B (2) and manadoperoxidic acid B (3). These compounds were isolated along with a new short chain dicarboxylate monoester (4), bearing some interes...
journal_title：Marine drugs
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/md11093297
更新日期：2013-08-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Protamine sulfate (PS) is a polycationic protein drug obtained from the sperm of fish, and is used to reverse the anticoagulant effect of unfractionated heparin (UFH). However, the interactions between PS, UFH, and platelets are still not clear. We measured the platelet numbers and collagen-induced aggregation, P-sele...
journal_title：Marine drugs
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/md17090539
更新日期：2019-09-17 00:00:00
abstract：:Here we summarize the current knowledge on the transfer and accumulation of harmful algal bloom (HAB)-related toxins in cephalopods (octopods, cuttlefishes and squids). These mollusks have been reported to accumulate several HAB-toxins, namely domoic acid (DA, and its isomers), saxitoxin (and its derivatives) and paly...
journal_title：Marine drugs
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3390/md11093381
更新日期：2013-09-06 00:00:00
abstract：:Cyanobacteria are a diverse group of Gram-negative bacteria that produce an array of secondary compounds with selective bioactivity against vertebrates, invertebrates, plants, microalgae, fungi, bacteria, viruses and cell lines. The aim of this study was to assess the toxic effects of aqueous, methanolic and hexane cr...
journal_title：Marine drugs
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/md803471
更新日期：2010-03-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Nanoparticle drug delivery (NDDS) is a novel system in which the drugs are delivered to the site of action by small particles in the nanometer range. Natural or synthetic polymers are used as vectors in NDDS, as they provide targeted, sustained release and biodegradability. Here, we used the chitosan and hepatoma cell...
journal_title：Marine drugs
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/md11093517
更新日期：2013-09-17 00:00:00
abstract：:Five new sulfide diketopiperazine derivatives, namely, penicibrocazines A-E (1-5), along with a known congener (6), were isolated and identified from the culture extract of Penicillium brocae MA-231, an endophytic fungus obtained from the fresh tissue of the marine mangrove plant Avicennia marina. The structures of th...
journal_title：Marine drugs
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/md13010276
更新日期：2015-01-07 00:00:00
abstract：:A green extraction process using only water was proposed for the simultaneous extraction of alginate and bioactive compounds from Laminaria ochroleuca. Operation was carried out during non-isothermal heating up to maximal temperatures over the range of 70 °C to 100 °C. Once separated, the alginate and the crude extrac...
journal_title：Marine drugs
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/md18070336
更新日期：2020-06-27 00:00:00
abstract：:A new sesquiterpenoid 9,10-diolhinokiic acid (1) and a new diterpenoid roussoellol C (2), together with 4 known compounds, were isolated from the extracts of laboratory cultures of marine-derived fungus Talaromyces purpurogenus. 9,10-diolhinokiic acid is the first thujopsene-type sesquiterpenoid containing a 9,10-diol...
journal_title：Marine drugs
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/md16050150
更新日期：2018-05-02 00:00:00
abstract：:Ten new di-, tri- and tetrasulfated triterpene glycosides, psolusosides B1 (1), B2 (2), J (3), K (4), L (5), M (6), N (7), O (8), P (9), and Q (10), were isolated from the sea cucumber Psolus fabricii collected in the Sea of Okhotsk near the Kurile Islands. Structures of these glycosides were established by two-dimens...
journal_title：Marine drugs
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/md17110631
更新日期：2019-11-06 00:00:00
abstract：:Microalgae oil is an optimal feedstock for nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and biodiesel production, but its high levels of chlorophyll limit its large-scale application. To date, few effective approaches have been developed to remove chlorophyll from microalgae oil. The main purpose of this study was to present a prepr...
journal_title：Marine drugs
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/md14090162
更新日期：2016-09-07 00:00:00
abstract：:In aquatic microbial ecology, knowledge of the processes involved in the turnover of organic matter is of utmost importance to understand ecosystem functioning. Microorganisms are major players in the cycling of nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus) and carbon, thanks to their enzymatic activities (leucine aminopeptidase, ...
journal_title：Marine drugs
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/md8040916
更新日期：2010-03-29 00:00:00
abstract：:The red seaweeds belonging to the genus Laurencia are well known as halogenated secondary metabolites producers, mainly terpenoids and acetogennins. Several of these chemicals exhibit important ecological roles and biotechnological applications. However, knowledge regarding the genes involved in the biosynthesis of th...
journal_title：Marine drugs
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/md13020879
更新日期：2015-02-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Separacenes A-D (1-4), novel polyene polyols, were isolated from Streptomyces sp. collected from the southern area of Jeju Island, Korea. The chemical structures of 1-4 were established by NMR, mass, UV, and IR spectroscopy as well as the modified Mosher's method. Separacenes A-B (1-2), which share an identical planar...
journal_title：Marine drugs
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/md11082882
更新日期：2013-08-13 00:00:00
abstract：:Fucosterol from edible brown seaweeds has various biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-adipogenic, antiphotoaging, anti-acetylcholinesterase, and anti-beta-secretase 1 activities. However, little is known about its effects on soluble amyloid beta peptide (sAβ)-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) str...
journal_title：Marine drugs
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/md16100368
更新日期：2018-10-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Many cytotoxic compounds of therapeutic interest have been isolated from marine invertebrates, and some of them have been reported to be of microbial origin. Pyridoacridine alkaloids are the main compounds extracted from the ascidian Cystodytes dellechiajei. Here we describe the in vitro antiproliferative activity aga...
journal_title：Marine drugs
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/md503052
更新日期：2007-07-19 00:00:00
abstract：:Chemical investigation of the methanol extract of the Vietnamese marine sponge Ircinia echinata led to the isolation of six new 9α-hydroxy-5α,6α-epoxysterols: 5α,6α-epoxycholesta-7,22(E)-dien-3β,9α-diol (1), 5α,6α-epoxycholesta-7,24(28)-dien-3β,9α-diol (2), (24R)-5α,6α-epoxy-24-ethyl-cholesta-7-en-3β,9α-diol (3), 5α,6...
journal_title：Marine drugs
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/md16110424
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Four new sesquiterpene lactones (3, 4, 6 and 7) and three known compounds, purpuride (1), berkedrimane B (2) and purpuride B (5), were isolated from the marine fungus, Talaromyces minioluteus (Penicillium minioluteum). New compounds were drimane sesquiterpenes conjugated with N-acetyl-l-valine, and their structures we...
journal_title：Marine drugs
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/md13063567
更新日期：2015-06-05 00:00:00
abstract：:A marine natural product, pulmonarin B (1), and a series of related tacrine hybrid analogues were synthesized and evaluated as cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors. The in vitro ChE assay results revealed that 1 showed moderate dual acetylcholinesterase (AChE)/ butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activity, while the hy...
journal_title：Marine drugs
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3390/md16090293
更新日期：2018-08-21 00:00:00
