Chapter 12--modulation of rhythmic movement: control of coordination.

abstract：:This chapter has highlighted how correlates of neuronal plasticity such as electrophysiological responsiveness and changes in gene expression may be examined in defined CNS regions as well as in single cells. The ability to simultaneously measure the mRNA levels for hundreds of different genes, to clone novel genes, a...

journal_title：Progress in brain research

authors： Eberwine J,Cao Y,Nair S,Miyashiro K,Mackler S,Finnell R,Surmeier J,Dichter M

更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Artistic ability and creativity are defining characteristics of human behavior. Behavioral neurology, as a specialty, believes that even the most complex behaviors can be modeled and understood as the summation of smaller cognitive functions. Literature from individuals with specific brain lesions has helped to map ou...

journal_title：Progress in brain research

authors： Miller ZA,Miller BL

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Miniature eye movements occur involuntarily during visual fixation. The most prominent contribution to these fixational eye movements is generated by microsaccades, which are rapid small-amplitude saccades with a rate of about one per second. Recent work demonstrates that microsaccades are optimized to counteract perc...

journal_title：Progress in brain research

authors： Engbert R

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability to silence, in a temporally precise fashion, the electrical activity of specific neurons embedded within intact brain tissue, is important for understanding the role that those neurons play in behaviors, brain disorders, and neural computations. "Optogenetic" silencers, genetically encoded molecules that, ...

journal_title：Progress in brain research

authors： Chow BY,Han X,Boyden ES

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Studies on the visual thalamic relays, the lateral geniculate nucleus and pulvinar, provide three key properties that have dramatically changed the view that the thalamus serves as a simple relay to get information from subcortical sites to cortex. First, the retinal input, although a small minority (7%) in terms of n...

journal_title：Progress in brain research

authors： Sherman SM

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Concerted efforts are realizing cell-based therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD). In this chapter, I describe efforts at the Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University. These efforts use induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) as donor cells. The iPSCs were established as human leukocyte antig...

journal_title：Progress in brain research

authors： Takahashi J

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Impulsive testing, which accurately measures the gain of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) is mostly recorded from only one eye. We measured the horizontal VOR of both eyes in response to graded velocity head impulses in 14 normal subjects. VOR acceleration gains were similar for each eye in both directions at low acc...

journal_title：Progress in brain research

authors： Weber KP,Aw ST,Todd MJ,McGarvie LA,Pratap S,Curthoys IS,Halmagyi GM

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Large-scale neural simulations have the marks of a distinct methodology which can be fruitfully deployed in neuroscience. I distinguish between two types of applications of the simulation methodology in neuroscientific research. Model-oriented applications aim to use the simulation outputs to derive new hypotheses abo...

journal_title：Progress in brain research

authors： Serban M

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Intron-specific probes measure heteronuclear RNA (hnRNA) levels and thus approximate the transcription rates of genes, in part because of the rapid turnover of this intermediate form of RNA in the cell nucleus. Previously, we used oxytocin (Oxt)- and vasopressin (Avp)- intron-specific riboprobes to measure changes in ...

journal_title：Progress in brain research

authors： Scordalakes EM,Yue C,Gainer H

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The aim of this experiment was to investigate whether there were differences in decision-making skills between different age groups (Under 16, 18 and 23) of elite academy footballers on a video-based task of real-life football scenarios. It also explored the relationship between individual performance on the task and ...

journal_title：Progress in brain research

authors： Farahani J,Soltani P,Rezlescu C

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Follicular development and ovulation are strongly inhibited during lactation. Administration of a high dose of estrogen induces luteinizing hormone (LH) surges in ovariectomized lactating rats, suggesting that brain mechanisms regulating cyclic LH release remain intact in lactating mothers. On the other hand, tonic LH...

journal_title：Progress in brain research

authors： Tsukamura H,Maeda K

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Throughout life, thalamocortical (TC) network alternates between activated states (wake or rapid eye movement sleep) and slow oscillatory state dominating slow-wave sleep. The patterns of neuronal firing are different during these distinct states. I propose that due to relatively regular firing, the activated states p...

journal_title：Progress in brain research

authors： Timofeev I

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recordings of spinal INs during a flexion/extension wrist task with an instructed delay period have shown directly that many spinal neurons modulate their rate during the preparatory period soon after a visual cue. The onset time and the relation between the delay period activity of spinal INs and the ensuing movement...

journal_title：Progress in brain research

authors： Prut Y,Perlmutter SI,Fetz EE

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Since the sample size of a typical neuroimaging study lacks sufficient statistical power to explore unknown genomic associations with brain phenotypes, several international genetic imaging consortia have been organized in recent years to pool data across sites. The challenges and achievements of these consortia are c...

journal_title：Progress in brain research

authors： Mackey S,Kan KJ,Chaarani B,Alia-Klein N,Batalla A,Brooks S,Cousijn J,Dagher A,de Ruiter M,Desrivieres S,Feldstein Ewing SW,Goldstein RZ,Goudriaan AE,Heitzeg MM,Hutchison K,Li CS,London ED,Lorenzetti V,Luijten M,Mart

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:While a basic locomotor rhythm is centrally generated by spinal circuits, descending pathways are critical for ensuring appropriate anticipatory modifications of gait to accommodate uneven terrain. Neurons in the motor cortex command the changes in muscle activity required to modify limb trajectory when stepping over ...

journal_title：Progress in brain research

authors： Drew T,Prentice S,Schepens B

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Humans can communicate their emotional state via facial expression and affective prosody. This chapter reviews behavioural, neuroanatomical, electrophysiological and neuroimaging studies pertaining to audiovisual integration of emotional communicative signals. Particular emphasis will be given to neuroimaging studies ...

journal_title：Progress in brain research

authors： Ethofer T,Pourtois G,Wildgruber D

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The role of the vesitibulo-cerebellum of the rabbit in the control of the vestibulo-ocular response (VOR) and optokinetic response (OKR) reflexes was investigated by bilateral microinjections, into the flocculus, of substances affecting GABAergic or noradrenergic neurotransmission. GABA, the main transmitter through w...

journal_title：Progress in brain research

authors： van Neerven J,Pompeiano O,Collewijn H

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:PTSD arises by definition as a direct consequence of the experience of an acute severe stressor. The formation of traumatic memory and its extinction, sympathetic and adrenocortical stress systems activity in relation to individual vulnerability form the core of animal models for PTSD. ...

journal_title：Progress in brain research

authors： Oitzl MS

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is increasing evidence that human cognitive functions can be addressed from a robust neuroscience perspective. In particular, the distributed coherent electrical properties of central neuronal ensembles are considered to be a promising avenue of inquiry concerning global brain functions. The intrinsic oscillator...

journal_title：Progress in brain research

authors： Ribary U

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) is the leading cause of blindness in East Asia. The disease can be classified into primary angle-closure suspect, primary angle closure (PAC), and PACG. Pupil-block, anterior nonpupil-block (plateau iris and peripheral iris crowding), lens related and retrolenticular m...

journal_title：Progress in brain research

authors： Amerasinghe N,Aung T

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The dorsal striatum (caudate putamen) contains two types of GABAergic medium spiny neurons (MSNs) that are distinguished by the expression of either the opioid peptide, enkephalin, or the opioid peptide, dynorphin, as well as the tachykinin substance P. Pharmacological studies suggest that these peptides modulate loca...

journal_title：Progress in brain research

authors： McGinty JF

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The following chapter offers an overview of results of experimental studies conducted among healthy individuals examining the effects of acute administration of Δ9-THC and other cannabinoids, alone or in combination, on brain function and behavior, also as a function of previous cannabis exposure. In light of their me...

journal_title：Progress in brain research

authors： Colizzi M,Bhattacharyya S

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mechanism is at the heart of understanding, and this chapter addresses underlying brain mechanisms and pathways of cognition and the impact of sleep on these processes, especially those serving learning and memory. This chapter reviews the current understanding of the relationship between sleep/waking states and cogni...

journal_title：Progress in brain research

authors： Poe GR,Walsh CM,Bjorness TE

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of neurodegeneration; however, therapies to prevent or treat AD are inadequate. Amyloid-beta (Abeta) protein accrues in cortical senile plaques, one of the key neuropathological hallmarks of AD, and is elevated in brains of early onset AD patients in a small number o...

journal_title：Progress in brain research

authors： Lemere CA

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The studies reviewed in this chapter present a convincing argument that prostaglandins have direct actions at the level of the spinal cord to enhance nociception. Furthermore, an increasing body of evidence supports the hypothesis that one important site of action of these eicosanoids is the terminals of sensory neuro...

journal_title：Progress in brain research

authors： Vasko MR

更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glaucoma is a visual disorder characterized by progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), which is often associated with high intraocular pressure. However, mechanisms of RGC death in glaucoma still remain a mystery. Two theories have been proposed as pathogeneses of glaucoma: mechanical and vascular. We demon...

journal_title：Progress in brain research

authors： Seki M,Lipton SA

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human and nonhuman primates predictively use smooth pursuit and saccades to track visual targets that move in a fronto-parallel plane. This behaviour is believed to be facilitated by short-term memory of the target motion and/or an efference copy of the subject's motor effort. Subjects in our experiments tracked dicho...

journal_title：Progress in brain research

authors： Fu P,Chang R,O'Beirne K,King WM

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The complex migrations of neurons born in the dorsal neural tube of the isthmic and rhombomere l (rl) domains complicate the delineation of the cerebellar primordium. We show that Purkinje cells (P) are likely generated over a wide territory before gathering in the future cerebellar primordium under the developing ext...

journal_title：Progress in brain research

authors： Narboux-Nême N,Louvi A,Alexandre P,Wassef M

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nerve growth factor (NGF) is required for the survival of developing sympathetic and sensory neurons. In the absence of NGF, these neurons undergo protein synthesis-dependent apoptosis. Ten years have gone by since the first reports of specific genes being upregulated during NGF deprivation-induced cell death. Over th...

journal_title：Progress in brain research

authors： Freeman RS,Burch RL,Crowder RJ,Lomb DJ,Schoell MC,Straub JA,Xie L

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Local recurrent connections endow the cerebellar cortex with an intrinsic dynamics. We performed computer simulations to predict the frequency bands of the oscillations that will most likely emerge. Feedback inhibition from the Golgi to the granule cells induced 10-50 Hz oscillations, the period at resonance being app...

journal_title：Progress in brain research

authors： Maex R,De Schutter E

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00