Microsaccades: A microcosm for research on oculomotor control, attention, and visual perception.

abstract：:Evidence for a non-monosynaptic Ia excitation of wrist flexor and quadriceps motoneurones (MNs) in man has been provided while using two independent methods: construction of post-stimulus time histograms (PSTHs) of voluntarily activated motor units and the spatial facilitation of the H-reflex. This non-monosynaptic Ia...

journal_title：Progress in brain research

authors： Pierrot-Deseilligny E

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During walking, an increase in speed is accompanied by a decrease in the stance phase duration while the swing phase remains relatively invariant. By definition, the rhythm generator in the lumbar spinal cord controls cycle period, phase durations, and phase transitions. Our first aim was to determine if this asymmetr...

journal_title：Progress in brain research

authors： Gossard JP,Sirois J,Noué P,Côté MP,Ménard A,Leblond H,Frigon A

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Spinal cord injuries often lead to disorders in the control of autonomic function, including problems with blood pressure regulation, voiding, defecation and reproduction. The root cause of all these problems is the destruction of brain pathways that control spinal autonomic neurons lying caudal to the lesion. Changes...

journal_title：Progress in brain research

authors： Llewellyn-Smith IJ,Weaver LC,Keast JR

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human evolution was marked by an extraordinary increase in total brain size relative to body size. While it is certain that increased encephalization is an important factor contributing to the origin of our species-specific cognitive abilities, it is difficult to disentangle which aspects of human neural structure and...

journal_title：Progress in brain research

authors： Sherwood CC,Bauernfeind AL,Bianchi S,Raghanti MA,Hof PR

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The nervous system can generate rhythms of various frequencies; on the low-frequency side, we have the circuits regulating circadian rhythms with a 24-h period, while on the high-frequency side we have the motor circuits that underlie flight in a hummingbird. Given the ubiquitous nature of rhythms, it is surprising th...

journal_title：Progress in brain research

authors： Saint-Amant L

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We tend to regard consciousness as a fundamentally subjective phenomenon, yet we can only study it scientifically if it has objective, publicly visible, manifestations. This creates a central, recurring, tension in consciousness science which remains unresolved. On one 'objectivist' view, consciousness is not merely r...

journal_title：Progress in brain research

authors： Zeman A

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The visual system is tied to the retina. Because the eyes move in the orbit, and the head moves on the body, accurate location of an object in extrapersonal space cannot simply result from a visual signal. Instead, the retinal signal must be combined with an estimate of where the eyes are in the orbit, and where the h...

journal_title：Progress in brain research

authors： Zhang M,Wang X,Goldberg ME

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Migraine is among the most common and disabling neurological diseases in the world. Cortical spreading depression (CSD) is a wave of near-complete depolarization of neurons and glial cells that slowly propagates along the cortex creating the perception of aura. Evidence suggests that CSD can trigger migraine headache....

journal_title：Progress in brain research

authors： Takizawa T,Ayata C,Chen SP

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Aromatase is the enzyme that catalyzes the last step of estrogen biosynthesis. It is expressed in many tissues such as the gonads, brain and adipose tissue. The regulation of the level and activity of aromatase determines the levels of estrogens that have endocrine, paracrine and autocrine effects on tissues. Estrogen...

journal_title：Progress in brain research

authors： Boon WC,Chow JD,Simpson ER

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It was generally accepted by the early 1960s that proton beam radiosurgery was too complex and impractical. The need was seen for a new machine. The beam design had to be as good as a proton beam. It was also decided that a static design was preferable even if the evolution of that notion is no longer clear. Complex c...

journal_title：Progress in brain research

authors： Ganz JC

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cognitive control and decision making are two important research areas in the realm of higher-order cognition. Control processes such as interference control and monitoring in cognitive and affective contexts have been found to influence the process of decision making. Development of control processes follows a gradua...

journal_title：Progress in brain research

authors： Kar BR,Vijay N,Mishra S

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The complex migrations of neurons born in the dorsal neural tube of the isthmic and rhombomere l (rl) domains complicate the delineation of the cerebellar primordium. We show that Purkinje cells (P) are likely generated over a wide territory before gathering in the future cerebellar primordium under the developing ext...

journal_title：Progress in brain research

authors： Narboux-Nême N,Louvi A,Alexandre P,Wassef M

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Deficits in motivation are at the core of many neuropsychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD). Research in MDD has been heavily focused on anhedonia and depression or negative/positive symptoms of depression, with less research attention focused on the dysregulation of motivational processes. Op...

journal_title：Progress in brain research

authors： Callaghan CK,Rouine J,O'Mara SM

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This investigation was designed to study the role of muscarinic receptor subtypes in the cardiovascular responses elicited by microinjection of cholinergic agonists in the intermediate portion of the NTS, the VLPA and VLDA areas and the IML of the spinal cord. Microinjections of L-glutamate (1.77 nmol in 20-50 nl in 0...

journal_title：Progress in brain research

authors： Sapru HN

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Several studies provided evidence for neuroendocrine dysregulations in adults with a history of child sexual abuse. This review focuses on neuroendocrine studies in sexually abused children and adolescents, dating from January 1, 1990 to January 1, 2007 and obtained from a systematic Medline Indexed literature search ...

journal_title：Progress in brain research

authors： Bicanic IA,Meijer M,Sinnema G,van de Putte EM,Olff M

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the last few years, theorists have argued that culture can shape processes of basic visual perception. This work has primarily focused on cultural influences in nonsocial domains, such as cross-cultural differences in seeing and attending to focal stimuli versus backgrounds. Recently, researchers have begun to exam...

journal_title：Progress in brain research

authors： Freeman JB,Rule NO,Ambady N

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The organization of key molecules at glutamatergic synapses in the rat cerebellar cortex as analyzed by high resolution immunocytochemical techniques using gold particles as markers. The distinct compartmentation of glutamate and glutamine was consistent with biochemical data indicating an active role of glia in the r...

journal_title：Progress in brain research

authors： Ottersen OP,Chaudhry FA,Danbolt NC,Laake JH,Nagelhus EA,Storm-Mathisen J,Torp R

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Traumatic brain injury (TBI) research to date has focused almost exclusively on the pathophysiology of injured neurons with very little attention paid to non-neuronal cells. However in the past decade, exciting discoveries have challenged this century-old view of passive glial cells and have led to a reinterpretation ...

journal_title：Progress in brain research

authors： Floyd CL,Lyeth BG

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Susceptibility to chronic tinnitus is highly variable and of particular interest when it comes to defining strategies for prevention and treatment. While several rare monogenic disorders have been described that are associated with tinnitus, the genetic underpinnings of the more common forms of the syndrome are still ...

journal_title：Progress in brain research

authors： Sand PG,Langguth B,Kleinjung T,Eichhammer P

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Molecular biology techniques have begun to shed light on the genetic basis of autosomal dominant central DI, but several very basic questions remain to be answered. The disorder was initially presumed to have a developmental, degenerative, or autoimmune basis based on the autopsy findings in the hypothalamus of a limi...

journal_title：Progress in brain research

authors： Repaske DR,Phillips JA 3rd

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The study of chimeric retinas has yielded insight on the early development of retina. The close match in chimerism ratios between right and left retinas is significant and supports the idea that both retinas originate from a common population of progenitors. We are able to estimate numbers of progenitor cells that con...

journal_title：Progress in brain research

authors： Goldowitz D,Rice DS,Williams RW

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A dense serotonin (5-HT)-containing projection to the superficial layers of the superior colliculus (SC) has been demonstrated in diverse mammalian species, but how 5-HT may affect visual signals within these laminae is largely unknown. This study undertook to investigate the distribution of 2 types of 5-HT receptors ...

journal_title：Progress in brain research

authors： Mooney RD,Huang X,Shi MY,Bennett-Clarke CA,Rhoades RW

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It was postulated that the perceived association of visual features is based on the synchronization of those neural signals that are activated by a coherent visual object. Two types of synchronized cortical signals were found by us in cat and monkey visual cortex, and were proposed as candidates for feature associatio...

journal_title：Progress in brain research

authors： Eckhorn R

更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Swallowing is an essential function in our daily life; nevertheless, stroke or other neurodegenerative diseases can cause the malfunction of swallowing function, ie, dysphagia. The objectives of this review are to understand the neural and cortical basis of swallowing and tongue, and review the latest techniques on th...

journal_title：Progress in brain research

authors： Yang H,Ang KK,Wang C,Phua KS,Guan C

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an inhibitor neurotransmitter that plays many important roles in the central nervous system. Because the half-life time of GABA is very short in vivo, GABA itself is not used for clinical practice. An analogue of GABA, baclofen, is an agonist of GABA-B receptor, and has very strong an...

journal_title：Progress in brain research

authors： Taira T

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We present results of a study of torsional eye movements evoked by earth-vertical accelerations along the subject's longitudinal axis. The earth-vertical stimulus leads to a gravito-inertial acceleration vector that changes magnitude but not direction. It can therefore be viewed as a dynamic change of the gravity leve...

journal_title：Progress in brain research

authors： Olasagasti I,Bockisch CJ,Zee DS,Straumann D

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This chapter reviews research that focuses on the effects of emotionality of single words, and of simple phrases, on event-related brain potentials when these are presented visually in various tasks. In these studies, presentation of emotionally evocative language material has consistently elicited a late (c. 300-600 ...

journal_title：Progress in brain research

authors： Fischler I,Bradley M

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is a common comorbidity in patients with the metabolic syndrome, a concurrence of cardiovascular risk factors in one individual. While multiple growth factors and adipokines are identified in atherosclerotic lesions, as well as neurotrophins implicated in both ...

journal_title：Progress in brain research

authors： Chaldakov GN,Fiore M,Stankulov IS,Manni L,Hristova MG,Antonelli A,Ghenev PI,Aloe L

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A remarkable preparation for studying development and repair is the CNS of the newborn opossum which, removed in its entirety, survives in culture for more than 1 week. In suitable medium, cells continue to divide, mature and reflex activity is maintained. Moreover, nerve fibers grow rapidly, reliably and extensively ...

journal_title：Progress in brain research

authors： Nicholls JG,Vischer H,Varga Z,Erulkar S,Saunders NR

更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent eye-tracking research has revealed that spoken language can guide eye gaze very rapidly (and closely time-locked to the unfolding speech) toward referents in the visual world. We discuss whether, and to what extent, such language-mediated eye movements are automatic rather than subject to conscious and controll...

journal_title：Progress in brain research

authors： Mishra RK,Olivers CN,Huettig F

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00