Abstract:
:Studying the community impact of mass violence using a Big Data approach from social media data (e.g., Twitter) offers traumatic stress researchers an unprecedented opportunity to study and clarify theoretical assumptions using large-scale, observational, ecologically valid data. We describe challenges and benefits of working with Twitter data and briefly review studies that used Twitter data to explore community responses to mass violence. We then demonstrate the use of Twitter data to examine community responses to a specific event: the 2015 San Bernardino terrorist attack, in which 14 people were killed and 22 were wounded. In a 6-week time frame around this attack, we evaluated the time course of community-level negative emotion. We downloaded 1.16 million tweets, representing 25,894 users from San Bernardino, CA, and a matched control community, Stockton, CA. All tweets were coded in R using the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) negative emotion dictionary. A piecewise regression technique with a discontinuity analysis was used to evaluate pre- and postevent trajectories of negative emotion across the study window. Controlling for within-user variability, negative emotion increased by 6.2%, β = .182, SE = .014, p < .001, in San Bernardino on the day of the attack and remained elevated for 5 days; no elevation was observed in Stockton. We discuss how data-driven text analytic techniques are useful for exploring Twitter content generated after collective traumas and describe challenges and opportunities accompanying analyses of social media data to understand the impact of mass violence on affected populations. :Spanish Abstracts by Asociación Chilena de Estrés Traumático (ACET) Usando BIG DATA (grandes bases de datos) para estudiar el impacto de la violencia masiva: oportunidades para el campo del estrés traumático BIG DATA Y VIOLENCIA MASIVA Estudiar el impacto de la violencia masiva en la comunidad usando la aproximación de Big Data a partir de los datos de los medios sociales (ej. Twiter) ofrece a los investigadores del estrés traumático una oportunidad sin precedentes para estudiar y clarificar asunciones teóricas utilizando datos a gran escala, observacionales y ecológicamente válidos. Describimos los desafíos y beneficios de trabajar con datos de Twiter y revisamos brevemente los estudios que usaron los datos de Twiter para explorar la respuesta de la comunidad a la violencia masiva. Luego demostramos el uso de información de Twiter para examinar las respuestas de la comunidad a un evento específico, el ataque terrorista de San Bernardino del 2015, en el que 14 personas fueron asesinadas y 22 fueron heridas. En el periodo de seis semanas alrededor del ataque, evaluamos el curso temporal de las emociones negativas a nivel comunitario. Descargamos 1.16 millonesde tweets, representando 25,894 usuarios de San Bernardino, CA, y lo comparamos con una comunidad de control, Stockton, CA. Todos los tweets fueron codificados en R usando el Diccionario de emoción negativa de Consulta Lingüística y Recuento de Palabras (LIWC por sus siglas en inglés). Se utilizó una técnica de regresión por partes con un análisis de discontinuidad para evaluar las trayectorias de las emociones negativas pre y post evento a través de la ventana del estudio. Controlando la variabilidad intra-usuario, las emociones negativas aumentaron en un 6.2%, β = .182, SE = .014, p<.001, en San Bernardino en el día del ataque y permaneció elevado por 5 días; no se observó ningún aumento en Stockton. Discutimos como las técnicas analíticas de texto impulsadas por datos son útiles para explorar el contenido de Twitter generado después de traumas colectivos y describimos los desafíos y oportunidades que acompañan al análisis de datos de redes sociales para comprender el impacto de la violencia masiva en la población afectada. :Traditional and Simplified Chinese Abstracts by the Asian Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (AsianSTSS) 簡體及繁體中文撮要由亞洲創傷心理研究學會翻譯 Using big data to study the impact of mass violence: Opportunities for the traumatic stress field Traditional Chinese 標題: 以大數據來研究集體暴力的影響:創傷壓力研究範疇的機遇 撮要: 以從社交媒體 (如推特) 數據所得出的大數據, 去研究集體暴力對社區的影響, 給予創傷壓力研究員前所未有的機會, 透過大型、觀察性、生態有效的數據來研究和釐清理論假設。我們描述採用推特數據來作研究的挑戰與優勢, 並簡短地評核採用推特數據來探索社區對集體暴力反應的研究。然後, 我們將示範如何使用推特數據來檢視社區對一件特殊事件的反應。該事件為2015年美國聖貝納迪諾槍擊案, 當中14人身亡, 22人受傷。我們在事件發生前後6星期的時間框架裡, 評估社區水平的負面情緒的變化。我們下載了25,894名用戶共116萬篇推特帖文, 用戶來自加州聖貝納迪諾以及作為對照社區的加州士德頓。所有的帖文均以「語文探索與字詞計算」(LIWC)的負面情緒字典, 以「R」進行編碼。逐段迴歸技術配以不連續分析, 用以檢視事件前後的負面情緒軌跡。我們把用戶內裡的變異性作對照後, 發現在槍擊案發生當天, 聖貝納迪諾用戶的負面情緒提升了6.2% (β = .182, SE = .014, p < .001), 情況持續了5天;而在士德頓, 負面情緒並無提升。我們討論到在探索集體創傷事件發生後的推特內容時, 採用數據主導的文本分析技術如何有用;並描述透過分析社交媒體數據來理解集體暴力事件為人帶來的影響, 有何挑戰與前景。 Simplified Chinese 标题: 以大数据来研究集体暴力的影响:创伤压力研究范畴的机遇 撮要: 以从社交媒体 (如推特) 数据所得出的大数据, 去研究集体暴力对小区的影响, 给予创伤压力研究员前所未有的机会, 透过大型、观察性、生态有效的数据来研究和厘清理论假设。我们描述采用推特数据来作研究的挑战与优势, 并简短地评核采用推特数据来探索小区对集体暴力反应的研究。然后, 我们将示范如何使用推特数据来检视小区对一件特殊事件的反应。该事件为2015年美国圣贝纳迪诺枪击案, 当中14人身亡, 22人受伤。我们在事件发生前后6星期的时间框架里, 评估小区水平的负面情绪的变化。我们下载了25,894名用户共116万篇推特帖文, 用户来自加州圣贝纳迪诺以及作为对照小区的加州士德顿。所有的帖文均以「语文探索与字词计算」(LIWC)的负面情绪字典, 以「R」进行编码。逐段回归技术配以不连续分析, 用以检视事件前后的负面情绪轨迹。我们把用户内里的变异性作对照后, 发现在枪击案发生当天, 圣贝纳迪诺用户的负面情绪提升了6.2% (β = .182, SE = .014, p < .001), 情况持续了5天;而在士德顿, 负面情绪并无提升。我们讨论到在探索集体创伤事件发生后的推特内容时, 采用数据主导的文本分析技术如何有用;并描述透过分析社交媒体数据来理解集体暴力事件为人带来的影响, 有何挑战与前景。.
journal_name
J Trauma Stressjournal_title
Journal of traumatic stressauthors
Jones NM,Brymer M,Silver RCdoi
10.1002/jts.22434subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-10-01 00:00:00pages
653-663issue
5eissn
0894-9867issn
1573-6598journal_volume
32pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Numerous studies show that those involved in disaster response may develop posttraumatic stress disorder or experience secondary traumatic stress (STS). There are few reports about the experiences of postdisaster field research interviewers. We report findings from a follow-up study of researchers who conducted postwi...
journal_title:Journal of traumatic stress
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jts.22072
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Compelling evidence has emerged on the association between military sexual trauma and suicide attempt; however, research investigating how sexual trauma during deployment relates to suicidal ideation has received considerably less attention and has yielded mixed findings. Furthermore, such research has not accounted f...
journal_title:Journal of traumatic stress
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jts.22018
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study aimed to identify positive behavioural changes that people may make as a result of negotiating the aftermath of a traumatic experience, thereby extending the current cognitive model of posttraumatic growth (PTG). It was hypothesised that significant others would corroborate survivors' cognitive and behaviou...
journal_title:Journal of traumatic stress
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jts.21730
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study investigated smoking prevalence, smoking motives, demographic variables and psychological symptoms in 124 help-seeking, male Vietnam combat veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A high percentage of these veterans smoked (60%). Vietnam veterans with PTSD who smoked were more likely tha...
journal_title:Journal of traumatic stress
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02102970
更新日期:1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Perceived social support is negatively associated with severity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but the literature lacks data about specific sources of support. Using 2 service member (SM) samples (n = 207 and 465), this study examined perceived support from family/friends and the broader public. SMs perceive...
journal_title:Journal of traumatic stress
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jts.22114
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was part of a school-based collaborative research project with a Canadian Mi'kmaq community that examined the potential role of posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptom clusters in mediating the relationship between childhood exposure to violence (EV) and alcohol misuse in a sample of Mi'kmaq adolescents (N = 166...
journal_title:Journal of traumatic stress
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jts.20677
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A better understanding of factors influencing human responses to acute stress is needed to enhance prevention and treatment of stress-related disorders. In the current study, the authors examined predictors of acute stress symptoms during intense military training in 35 men. In univariate and multivariate models, perc...
journal_title:Journal of traumatic stress
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jts.20413
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study evaluates the occurrence of psychopathology among 97 women who (1) experienced sexual abuse in childhood only, (2) were raped in adulthood only, (3) experienced both childhood sexual abuse and rape in adulthood, or (4) experienced no sexual trauma. Women were recruited from advertisements and assessed using...
journal_title:Journal of traumatic stress
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/A:1022007327077
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::At 3 to 4 weeks after the December 2004 tsunami disaster we assessed symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in 264 children who lived in severely affected coastal communities in Manadkadu (northern coast), Kosgoda (western coast), and Galle (southern coast) in Sri Lanka. The prevalence rate of tsunami-relate...
journal_title:Journal of traumatic stress
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1002/jts.20121
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The valence-arousal (W. Heller, 1993) and approach-withdrawal (R. J. Davidson, 1998a) models hypothesize that particular patterns of hemispheric brain activity are associated with specific motivational tendencies and psychopathologies. We tested several of these predictions in two groups-a posttraumatic stress disorde...
journal_title:Journal of traumatic stress
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jts.20319
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relation between trauma type, gender, and risk of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) still remains unclear. The authors investigated the association among gender and trauma type and risk of PTSD among people living within an area of conflict. Traumatic experiences and PTSD symptoms among 708 participants were as...
journal_title:Journal of traumatic stress
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jts.20459
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Approximately 20% of patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) suffer from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) due to a history of cardiac arrest, device implantation, and ICD shock. There has been very little examination of treatment of PTSD symptoms in these patients. This study evaluated the eff...
journal_title:Journal of traumatic stress
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1002/jts.22111
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The 4-item Hurt/Insult/Threaten/Scream (HITS) tool accurately detects past-year intimate partner violence (IPV) among female Veterans Health Administration (VHA) patients; however, it lacks a sexual IPV item. This study evaluated the accuracy of an extended HITS (E-HITS), which adds a sexual IPV item, in female VHA pa...
journal_title:Journal of traumatic stress
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jts.21985
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among U.S. veterans deployed to Iraq or Afghanistan necessitates the need for comprehensive assessment and treatment strategies. This study investigated the utility of a combat-related PTSD symptom provocation paradigm to elicit unique neurological responses acros...
journal_title:Journal of traumatic stress
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jts.22239
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examined how resiliency (represented by optimism, social support, religiosity, and finding growth and meaning), within the context of perceived impact of sexual trauma and HIV-related stress, was linked to perspectives on addressing trauma among individuals (N=266) with HIV and childhood sexual abuse (CSA)....
journal_title:Journal of traumatic stress
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jts.20132
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exposure to potentially morally injurious events has been shown to be associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression symptoms in military personnel. Few studies have examined factors that help to explain how potentially morally injurious events may contribute to the development of trauma-related p...
journal_title:Journal of traumatic stress
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jts.22234
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dissociative symptoms and abnormalities in pain perception have been associated with a range of disorders. The authors tested whether experimentally induced increases in state dissociation would cause an analgesic response. Participants (N = 120) were randomized to a dissociation induction condition via audiophotic st...
journal_title:Journal of traumatic stress
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1002/jts.20226
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examines relationships among military sexual trauma (MST), nonmilitary sexual trauma, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A sample of 196 female veterans was assessed for trauma occurring before, during, and after military service, and for current PTSD. The prevalence of MST was higher than that of pr...
journal_title:Journal of traumatic stress
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jts.20163
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The posttraumatic sequelae of contaminant exposure are a contemporary international concern due to the threats posed to military personnel and civilians by war and bioterrorism. The role of PTSD symptoms as a mediator between potentially traumatic toxin exposure and physical health outcomes was examined with structura...
journal_title:Journal of traumatic stress
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1023/B:JOTS.0000029261.23634.87
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Suicide rates among recent veterans have led to interest in risk identification. Evidence of gender-and trauma-specific predictors of suicidal ideation necessitates the use of advanced computational methods capable of elucidating these important and complex associations. In this study, we used machine learning to exam...
journal_title:Journal of traumatic stress
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jts.22210
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The responses of 60 households subjected to varying degrees of traumatic events were examined. Specific attention was given to the differential effect that traumatic events have on spouses, especially in terms of general anxiety, state anxiety, trait anxiety, depression, and other symptoms related to trauma. The findi...
journal_title:Journal of traumatic stress
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02105407
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite evidence supporting a connection between child maltreatment and self-injury, there is disagreement regarding a particular connection to sexual abuse because types of trauma exposure often co-occur. To examine these associations efficiently, we considered a sample of incarcerated juvenile females, where rates o...
journal_title:Journal of traumatic stress
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jts.20699
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous reports have shown improvements in mood and increases in endocannabinoids in healthy adults following a session of aerobic exercise, but it is unclear whether adults with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) experience similar responses. The purpose of this study was to examine psychobiological responses (pla...
journal_title:Journal of traumatic stress
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jts.22253
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) frequently co-occurs with panic spectrum problems. Relatively little empirical work has tested possible mechanisms accounting for this association. Nicotine dependence often ensues subsequent to PTSD onset and research suggests smoking high numbers of cigarettes daily may lead to p...
journal_title:Journal of traumatic stress
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jts.20384
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This pilot study investigated the efficacy of a brief school-based cognitive-behavioral intervention program for Japanese adolescents exposed to the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011. The participants were 22 adolescents with severe posttraumatic stress symptoms at the time of the study in March 2014. They completed...
journal_title:Journal of traumatic stress
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1002/jts.22145
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exposure therapy is a well-established treatment for PTSD that requires the patient to focus on and describe the details of a traumatic experience. Nightmares that refer to or replicate traumatic experiences are prominent and distressing symptoms of PTSD and appear to exacerbate the disorder. With this apparent parado...
journal_title:Journal of traumatic stress
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1023/A:1011104521887
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding mental health disorder diagnosis and treatment seeking among active-duty military personnel is a topic with both clinical and policy implications. It has been well documented in military populations that individual-level military experience, including deployment history and combat exposure, influences me...
journal_title:Journal of traumatic stress
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jts.22316
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The COVID-19 pandemic presents major challenges for mental health care providers. In particular, providers who treat posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are now tasked with determining whether to initiate trauma-focused therapy during the pandemic and, if so, whether and how to adapt treatment. The purpose of this co...
journal_title:Journal of traumatic stress
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jts.22583
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exposure to traumatic experiences is associated with an increased risk for drug dependence and poorer response to substance abuse treatment (Claus & Kindleberger, 2002; Jaycox, Ebener, Damesek, & Becker, 2004). Despite this evidence, the reasons for the observed associations of trauma and the general tendency to be de...
journal_title:Journal of traumatic stress
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jts.22103
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In recent years, several practice guidelines have appeared to inform clinical work in the assessment and treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. Although there is a high level of consensus across these documents, there are also areas of apparent difference that may lead to confusion among those to whom the guideli...
journal_title:Journal of traumatic stress
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jts.20565
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00