Abstract:
:There is limited information on the roles of different age groups in propagating pertussis outbreaks, and the temporal changes in those roles since the introduction of acellular pertussis vaccines. The relative roles of different age groups in propagating the 2010 and the 2014 pertussis epidemics in California were evaluated using the relative risk (RR) statistic that measures the change in the group's proportion among all detected cases before vs. after the epidemic peak. For the 2010-11 epidemic, evidence for a predominant transmission age group was weak, with the largest RR estimates being 1.26 (95% CI 1.08-1.46) (aged 11-13 years); 1.19 (1.01-1.4) (aged 9-10 years); 1.17 (0.86-1.59) (aged 14-15 years); 1.12 (0.86-1.46) (aged 16-19 years) and 1.1 (0.89-1.36) (aged 7-8 years). The 2014 epidemic showed a strong signal of the role of older adolescents, with the highest RR estimate being in those aged 14-15 years (RR = 1.83, 1.61-2.07), followed by adolescents aged 16-19 years (RR = 1.41, 1.24-1.61) and 11-13 years (RR = 1.26, 1.12-1.41), with lower RR estimates in other age groups. As the time following introduction of acellular pertussis vaccines in California progressed, older adolescents played an increasing role in transmission during the major pertussis outbreaks. Booster pertussis vaccination for older adolescents with vaccines effective against pertussis transmission should be considered with the aim of mitigating future pertussis epidemics in the community.
journal_name
Epidemiol Infectjournal_title
Epidemiology and infectionauthors
Mahmud AS,Lipsitch M,Goldstein Edoi
10.1017/S0950268819000761subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-01-01 00:00:00pages
e184eissn
0950-2688issn
1469-4409pii
S0950268819000761journal_volume
147pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Bartonellae are blood- and vector-borne Gram-negative bacteria, recognized as emerging pathogens. Whole-blood samples were collected from 58 free-ranging lions (Panthera leo) in South Africa and 17 cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) from Namibia. Blood samples were also collected from 11 cheetahs (more than once for some of ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268816001394
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::To evaluate associations between indicators of livestock farming intensity (manure surplus and livestock density) and acute gastroenteritis hospitalization (AGH) rate, we conducted an ecological study on 306 selected agricultural municipalities of Quebec. We estimated the AGH rate for the period 2000-2004 from the Que...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268808001647
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The WAIFW matrix (Who Acquires Infection From Whom) is a central parameter in modelling the spread of infectious diseases. The calculation of the basic reproductive number (R0) depends on the assumptions made about the transmission within and between age groups through the structure of the WAIFW matrix and different s...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268808000563
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The number of band differences in DNA macrorestriction profiles required to distinguish unrelated strains from an index strain varies in an outbreak with the species and restriction enzyme used. In order to define this difference for epidemiological studies of Serratia marcescens, we produced DNA fingerprints from 57 ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268899004112
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and risk factors for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Mexican Americans living in South Texas. We tested plasma for the presence of HCV antibody from the Cameron County Hispanic Cohort (CCHC), a randomized, population-based cohort in an economically disadvantaged Mexican...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268815001247
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thailand was a hyper-endemic country for dengue with co-circulation of four serotypes and tens of thousands of infected cases annually. Taking into consideration the large number of local dengue virus (DENV) sequences available in GenBank, Thailand was the most ideal locality to study co-evolution of DENV. Therefore, ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268812000908
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This systematic review-meta-analysis appraises and summarizes all the available research (128 papers) on the zoonotic potential of Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis. The latter has been debated for a century due to pathogenic and clinical similarities between Johne's disease in ruminants and Crohn's disease (1...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1017/S095026881500076X
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is highly prevalent in Spanish hospitals and community long-term-care facilities (LTCFs). This longitudinal study was performed in community LTCFs to determine whether MRSA colonization is associated with MRSA infections and overall mortality. Nasal and decubitus ulce...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268811000641
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Twenty strains of V. vulnificus isolated from the environment were investigated for characteristics related to their infectivity such as colonial morphology, enzymatic activity and animal assays. The presence of DNase, chitinase, amylase, lecithinase and gelatinase was observed in 100% of the strains, haemolytic activ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800049979
更新日期:1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) for assessing the potential risk of dengue virus emergence and distribution in Western Australia (WA) is presented and used to identify possible hotspots of dengue outbreaks in summer and winter. The model assesses the probabilities of two kinds of events which must take place before an...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268816002090
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To analyse sociodemographic, viroimmunological and clinical parameters in different HIV-transmission categories at baseline and during treatment, 3039 patients were followed up for 12 months after the initiation of a nelfinavir-based regimen. Multiple baseline parameters were significantly different in the diverse cat...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268809991282
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::After a Christmas party in a restaurant, 48 (68%) of the 82 guests contracted calicivirus gastroenteritis. The epidemiological investigation showed that salad was strongly associated with the disease episode (RR = 2.43, P = 0.0005). Similar symptoms occurred among other customers who had had a meal at the same restaur...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s095026889900299x
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous respiratory tract infections (RTI) and antibiotics consumption as possible risk factors for extended duration of PRP carriage were investigated in 24 children (cases) with previous carriage of penicillin-resistant pneumococci (PRP) for a duration exceeding 120 days (median 168 days) and a control group of 53 ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268898001599
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiology of COVID-19 in Nigeria with a view of generating evidence to enhance planning and response strategies. A national surveillance dataset between 27 February and 6 June 2020 was retrospectively analysed, with confirmatory testing for COVID-19 done by real-time ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S095026882000206X
更新日期:2020-09-11 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of this study was to model the age-time-dependent incidence of hepatitis B while estimating the impact of vaccination. While stochastic models/time-series have been used before to model hepatitis B cases in the absence of knowledge on the number of susceptibles, this paper proposed using a method that fi...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268807008692
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Conditions and evidence continue to evolve related to the prediction of the prevalence of immunodeficiency-associated long-term vaccine-derived poliovirus (iVDPV) excreters, which affect assumptions related to forecasting risks and evaluating potential risk management options. Multiple recent reviews provided informat...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S095026881900181X
更新日期:2019-10-24 00:00:00
abstract::An unlinked anonymous study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in emergency department (ED) attendees at a London Hospital. Nine hundred and ninety-seven samples collected over a 12-day period were tested for HCV antibody (Ab) and reactive samples were further tested for HCV ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268815000199
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Horizontal transmission of Campylobacter jejuni was investigated in campylobacter-free broiler chicks. One hundred and twenty chicks housed individually, were provided with water containing 10(2)-10(9) c.f.u./ml C. jejuni. Colonization was rapid [47 of 73 (64%) positive cloacal cultures within 3 days and 65 of 73 (89%...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800054571
更新日期:1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phylogenetic analyses of bartonella have suggested divergence between bartonellae that infect mammals native to the Old and New Worlds. We characterized bartonella isolated from Eastern grey squirrels (Sciurius carolinensis) in the United States and from grey and red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) in the United Kingdom ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268802007768
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Equine influenza virus (EIV) causes a highly contagious respiratory disease in equids, with confirmed outbreaks in Europe, America, North Africa, and Asia. Although China, Mongolia, and Japan have reported equine influenza outbreaks, Korea has not. Since 2011, we have conducted a routine surveillance programme to dete...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S095026881300143X
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The clinical and microbiological characteristics of catheter-related bloodstream infection (CR-BSI) due to uncommon microorganisms was assessed in a retrospective case-control study over a 9-year period in a tertiary teaching hospital. Uncommon microorganisms were defined as those representing <0·5% of all CR-BSI. Dia...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268814001435
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although community-onset bloodstream infection (BSI) is recognized to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality, there is a paucity of population-based studies defining its overall burden. We conducted population-based laboratory surveillance for all community-onset BSI in the Calgary Health Region during 2000-2004....
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268806007631
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is a cattle respiratory disease that represents one of the major threats to cattle health and production in sub-Saharan Africa. The transmission contact rate of CBPP plays a key role in the spreading dynamics of the disease. We have developed an approach based on the combinatio...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268804003498
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigated the relationships between Legionnaires' disease (LD) incidence and weather in Glasgow, UK, by using advanced statistical methods. Using daily meteorological data and 78 LD cases with known exact date of onset, we fitted a series of Poisson log-linear regression models with explanatory variables...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S095026881200101X
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Changes in Helicobacter pylori seroprevalence were studied determining IgG and IgA antibodies of 408 randomly selected adults aged 15-74 years living in Vammala, Finland in 1973 and of 504 similarly selected subjects in 1994. Seroprevalence increased by age at both time points. The age-adjusted seroprevalence rate was...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268897007565
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since the introduction of routine measles, mumps and rubella immunization for children in England and Wales in 1988, the incidence of mumps has declined steadily. We describe an outbreak of mumps in 1996 attacking 34 of a cohort of 98 schoolchildren born in 1982 and 1983. This is the largest outbreak in the UK since t...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s095026889900343x
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Orf virus has a worldwide distribution among sheep and goats. The hypersensitivity reaction erythema multiforme (EM) is a known complication of orf infection in humans; however, its occurrence is poorly understood and has not been extensively reviewed. We present two unrelated cases of orf-associated EM, and a review ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S0950268814000879
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Norovirus (NV) is an important cause of acute gastroenteritis in children, but is also frequently detected in asymptomatic children, which complicates the interpretation of NV detection results in both the clinical setting and population prevalence studies. A total of 807 faecal samples from children aged <5 years hos...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S095026881500059X
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::F4+ Escherichia coli is an important agent of post-weaning diarrhoea in piglets. Piglets that express an adhesion site for F4+ E. coli in their small intestine (F4R+) shed higher numbers of F4+ E. coli than piglets lacking this site (F4R-). We hypothesized that F4R+ piglets are more infectious and more susceptible for...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268804002675
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rates of acquisition and mean duration of nasal carriage of different serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae have been estimated by fitting a stochastic model to longitudinal carriage data in children from Papua New Guinea. Immunogenicity and two indices of relative invasiveness were determined for each serotype. Immun...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800056648
更新日期:1993-08-01 00:00:00