Abstract:
:An unlinked anonymous study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in emergency department (ED) attendees at a London Hospital. Nine hundred and ninety-seven samples collected over a 12-day period were tested for HCV antibody (Ab) and reactive samples were further tested for HCV RNA. The HCV seroprevalence was 2·6% (26/997) with 1·2% (12/997) HCV RNA positive. A peak HCV RNA-positive prevalence of 4·8% (3/63) was found in males aged 35-44 years, this was compared to 0% (0/136) in males aged <35 years (P = 0·0614) and 1·4% (4/278) in males aged ⩾45 years (P = 0·2415). Assuming the cost for HCV Ab is £6 and HCV RNA is £40 per test, screening ED attendees aged 25-54 years would cost £360 per viraemic infection and identify 82% of those who were HCV RNA positive, yielding the most favourable cost/benefit ratio. HCV screening of ED attendees aged 25-54 years in this population could be an effective way of identifying patients and limit onward transmission.
journal_name
Epidemiol Infectjournal_title
Epidemiology and infectionauthors
Orkin C,Leach E,Flanagan S,Wallis E,Ruf M,Foster GR,Tong CYdoi
10.1017/S0950268815000199subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-10-01 00:00:00pages
2837-40issue
13eissn
0950-2688issn
1469-4409pii
S0950268815000199journal_volume
143pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The Belgian data for foodborne norovirus (NoV) outbreaks became available for the first time with the introduction of an extraction and detection protocol for NoV in the National Reference Laboratory for foodborne outbreaks in September 2006. In 2007, 10 NoV foodborne outbreaks were reported affecting 392 persons in B...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268808001830
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We assessed prevalence of and risk factors for candidaemia following Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) using longitudinal population-based surveillance. Of 13 615 adults with CDI, 113 (0·8%) developed candidaemia in the 120 days following CDI. In a matched case-control analysis, severe CDI and CDI treatment with v...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268815003027
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 2016, we reviewed preventive control measures for secondary transmission of Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in humans in European Union (EU)/European Free Trade Association (EEA) countries to inform the revision of the respective Norwegian guidelines which at that time did not accommodate for the vary...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268819001614
更新日期:2019-09-09 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigated the morbidity associated with respiratory virus infections in patients with well-documented chest disease, and the risk of transmission between close contacts. Patients informed the study team if they were exposed to a family member or colleague with a cold. Patients and symptomatic index cases...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800057046
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The 2013 multistate outbreaks contributed to the largest annual number of reported US cases of cyclosporiasis since 1997. In this paper we focus on investigations in Texas. We defined an outbreak-associated case as laboratory-confirmed cyclosporiasis in a person with illness onset between 1 June and 31 August 2013, wi...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268815000370
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and risk factors for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Mexican Americans living in South Texas. We tested plasma for the presence of HCV antibody from the Cameron County Hispanic Cohort (CCHC), a randomized, population-based cohort in an economically disadvantaged Mexican...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268815001247
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A survey of the seroprevalence of pertussis antibodies in a representative sample of the population from Catalonia was carried out. Ninety-seven municipalities and 30 schools were randomly selected to recruit the 2126 subjects who participated in the study. A serum sample was obtained from all individuals participatin...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268801005325
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::SUMMARYA prospective cohort study with a 1-year telephone follow-up was performed to estimate the incidence of surgical-site infections (SSIs) in hip and knee prostheses. Twenty-five public hospitals equipped with orthopaedic units in two Italian regions were involved. An 8-month surveillance period was set to obtain ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268810001627
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::West Nile virus (WNV) is now endemic in the USA. After the widespread surge of virus activity across the USA, research has flourished, and our knowledge base has significantly expanded over the past 10 years since WNV was first recognized in New York City. This article provides a review of the virology of WNV, history...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268811000185
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are similarly structured viruses with similar environmental survival, but different routes of transmission. While RSV is transmitted predominantly by direct and indirect contact, influenza is also transmitted by aerosol. The cold, dry conditions of temperate winters appe...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S0950268814002702
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The presence of Legionella spp. in the water of a Portuguese spa was ascertained during the spa season, between May and November. Simultaneously the prevalence of anti-legionella antibodies in people attending the spa was also investigated. The antibody titres of 172 randomly selected patients and 42 therapists were d...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800058143
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) can be spread by a variety of mechanisms, including wind. Simulation models, developed to predict the risk of airborne spread, have played an important part in decision making in some outbreaks. The amount of airborne virus excreted as well as the minimal infectious dose (MID) of FM...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268801006501
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Annual periodicities of reported chickenpox cases have been observed in several countries. Of these, Japan has reported a two-peaked, bimodal annual cycle of reported chickenpox cases. This study investigated the possible underlying association of the bimodal cycle observed in the surveillance data of reported chicken...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S095026881400363X
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite Department of Health recommendations, universal antenatal testing for hepatitis B virus (HBV) is not performed throughout Scotland. We describe the evaluation of an assay to document past or present infection with HBV, by identifying maternal antibody in routine Guthrie dried neonatal blood spot samples taken ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268898001393
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Excessive weight loss due to protein calorie malnutrition (PCM) is a significant problem in Nigerian children. This syndrome may be difficult to differentiate from the wasting disease caused by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. We studied 70 children admitted to the Baptist Medical Center in Ogbom...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s095026880006831x
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In late 2002, health professionals from the ministries of health and academia of Jordan, the Palestinian Authority and Israel formed the Middle East Consortium on Infectious Disease Surveillance (MECIDS) to facilitate trans-border cooperation in response to infectious disease outbreaks. The first mission of MECIDS was...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268810000270
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the UK the increasing use of pre-admission parenteral antibiotic therapy in meningococcal disease has lessened the value of routine cultures as a tool to confirm diagnosis, and laboratory confirmation of invasive meningococcal infection is achieved increasingly by non-culture, nucleic acid amplification methods. Th...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268899004367
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We present the results from a novel surveillance system for detecting excess all-cause mortality by age group in England and Wales developed during the pandemic influenza A(H1N1) 2009 period from April 2009 to March 2010. A Poisson regression model was fitted to age-specific mortality data from 1999 to 2008 and used t...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268811000410
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The screening of 2000 women of childbearing age in Cork between 2004 and 2006 produced 37 erythromycin-resistant group B streptococcus (GBS) isolates. PCR analysis was performed to determine the basis for erythromycin resistance. The ermTR gene was most frequently expressed (n = 19), followed by the ermB gene (n = 8)....
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268809990392
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Food poisoning due to Salmonella typhimurium phage type 141 was unusual in the Sheffield area before 1984. The sudden increase in incidence of this phage type during 1984 and 1985, and its causative role in several small outbreaks in this period have been investigated. Epidemiological and laboratory investigations sug...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s095026880002923x
更新日期:1988-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most influenza virus infections are associated with mild disease. One approach to estimate the occurrence of influenza virus infections in individuals is via repeated measurement of humoral antibody titres. We used baseline and convalescent antibody titres measured by haemagglutination inhibition (HI) and viral neutra...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268816000583
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The degree of protection conferred by vaccinated dams on infant mice against colonization by Campylobacter jejuni depended on the bacterial strain, preparation, and route of administration of the vaccine. In some instances of homologous protection, serum bactericidal titres correlated well with protection. However, bo...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800029940
更新日期:1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study measured the prevalence and the risk factors associated with HCV antibody-positive prisoners. A total of 630 prisoners completed a questionnaire about risk behaviours associated with HCV transmission and were tested for HCV antibody from a blood test. Of these 362 (57.5%) prisoners were HCV antibody positiv...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268803001882
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The number of patients with severe invasive group-G streptococcal (Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis) infections has been increasing in Japan. The emm genotypes and SmaI-digested pulsed-field gel electrophoresis DNA profiles were variable among the strains isolated, suggesting there has not been clonal exp...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268803001262
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study aims to locate the knots of cumulative coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case number during the first-level response to public health emergency in the provinces of China except Hubei. The provinces were grouped into three regions, namely eastern, central and western provinces, and the trends between adjac...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S095026882000312X
更新日期:2021-01-05 00:00:00
abstract::Several typing systems have been described for Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli, to assess the complex epidemiology of these important enteric pathogens. In the present study two typing methods, slide agglutination according to the Lior scheme, and the demonstration of restriction-fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800052134
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Conditions and evidence continue to evolve related to the prediction of the prevalence of immunodeficiency-associated long-term vaccine-derived poliovirus (iVDPV) excreters, which affect assumptions related to forecasting risks and evaluating potential risk management options. Multiple recent reviews provided informat...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S095026881900181X
更新日期:2019-10-24 00:00:00
abstract::Available data sources on disease due to Bordetella pertussis, including notifications, hospital admissions, deaths, and an enhanced laboratory-based surveillance system commenced in January 1994, were reviewed for the period 1995-7. Pertussis notifications continued their approximately 3-year cycle although at histor...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268899003052
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study the distribution of phenotypes of campylobacter strains in sewage and surface waters was investigated by subtyping and by speciation of isolates from various aquatic environments. These environments included two municipal sewage plants (SPA and SPB) and waste water from a poultry abattoir (WWA). Both the...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800058647
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::F4+ Escherichia coli is an important agent of post-weaning diarrhoea in piglets. Piglets that express an adhesion site for F4+ E. coli in their small intestine (F4R+) shed higher numbers of F4+ E. coli than piglets lacking this site (F4R-). We hypothesized that F4R+ piglets are more infectious and more susceptible for...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268804002675
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00