Abstract:
:Horizontal transmission of Campylobacter jejuni was investigated in campylobacter-free broiler chicks. One hundred and twenty chicks housed individually, were provided with water containing 10(2)-10(9) c.f.u./ml C. jejuni. Colonization was rapid [47 of 73 (64%) positive cloacal cultures within 3 days and 65 of 73 (89%) within 7 days], dependent on C. jejuni strain and inoculum size but independent of chick age. Groups of 5-24 chicks in isolators were exposed to C. jejuni-contaminated water or colonized seeder chicks. Transmission occurred in 2-7 days concurrent with a gradual increase of C. jejuni in litter, water and feed. Environmental samples were culture-negative within 3 days following removal of colonized chicks. Treatment of 1-day-old chicks with adult caecal microbiota did not affect colonization. Treated and control chicks were all C. jejuni-positive within 3 days of seeder challenge.
journal_name
Epidemiol Infectjournal_title
Epidemiology and infectionauthors
Shanker S,Lee A,Sorrell TCdoi
10.1017/s0950268800054571subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1990-02-01 00:00:00pages
101-10issue
1eissn
0950-2688issn
1469-4409journal_volume
104pub_type
杂志文章abstract::In a cross-sectional study conducted between March 1993 and February 1995, 7103 indiscriminately collected foxes were examined for Trichinella larvae. A total of 3295 serum samples were serologically investigated with an ELISA based on excretory-secretory antigen. The proportion of serologically positive animals range...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1017/s0950268899002617
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::An outbreak of cryptosporidiosis occurred in the Isle of Thanet during December 1990 and January 1991. A total of 47 cases ranging in age from 2 months to 85 years were identified in residents from the Margate, Broadstairs and Ramsgate areas, with dates of onset of illness from 3 December to 14 January. A case-control...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800049207
更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Legionnaires' disease (LD) is a major cause of severe community-acquired pneumonia but the source and mode of transmission are not always apparent, especially in sporadic cases. We hypothesized that LD can be acquired from the air-conditioning systems of motor cars. Swabs were taken from the evaporator compartments of...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268809002568
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::An outbreak of trichinosis occurred during January 1995 in a south Lebanese village with a population of 800-1000 persons. The estimated number of persons treated for a Trichinella-like illness was 200. Sixty-three persons sought medical attention at a local infirmary: 44 of them were diagnosed as having trichinosis o...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268897007875
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the last decade, a declining prevalence of HCV infection has been described in injecting drug users (IDUs) in different countries. This study is the first to assess temporal trends in drug-injecting patterns, HCV infection rates and viral genotype distribution in 770 Brazilian IDUs, recruited by two cross-sectional...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268808001970
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Spain, vaccination against rubella was initiated in schoolgirls in the mid-1970s. In Gipuzkoa, subsequent extensions to the vaccination schedule culminated in 1992 with the introduction of the two-dose measles, mumps and rubella vaccine in children and adolescents of both sexes. Moreover, in 1985 a programme for th...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268804002158
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::HIV-infected individuals with high levels of IgG antibodies against human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) are at increased risk of developing Kaposi's sarcoma. The aim of this study was to measure the association between HHV-8 viraemia and IgG antibody responses (by immunofluorescence) in a group of 201 HIV-infected individuals...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268803001146
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::West Nile virus (WNV) is an emerging vector-borne arbovirus with a zoonotic life-cycle whose main reservoir hosts are birds. In humans and horses, WNV infections rarely result in clinical disease but on occasions - depending on factors such as climatic conditions, insect communities and background immunity levels in l...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268816000133
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 2-year study from January 1981 to December 1982 was undertaken to determine the role of viruses in the causation of diarrhoea in hospitalized children in Pune, Maharashtra State, India. The stool samples of 426 children (213 diarrhoeal and 213 non-diarrhoeal controls) were investigated by electron microscopy and ELI...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800030028
更新日期:1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Escherichia coli O157 are zoonotic bacteria for which cattle are an important reservoir. Prevalence estimates for E. coli O157 in British cattle for human consumption are over 10 years old. A new baseline is needed to inform current human health risk. The British E. coli O157 in Cattle Study (BECS) ran between Septemb...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268817002151
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dogs can be infected by a wide range of Bartonella spp., but limited studies have been conducted in tropical urban and rural dog populations. We aimed to determine Bartonella antibody prevalence in 455 domestic dogs from four tropical countries and detect Bartonella DNA in a subset of these dogs. Bartonella antibodies...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268812000519
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This systematic review-meta-analysis appraises and summarizes all the available research (128 papers) on the zoonotic potential of Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis. The latter has been debated for a century due to pathogenic and clinical similarities between Johne's disease in ruminants and Crohn's disease (1...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1017/S095026881500076X
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cyclospora cayetanensis is an emerging infectious agent. The aim of this study was to describe an outbreak that occurred in 250 adults exposed to contaminated food, focusing on the duration and relapses of symptoms, complications and evidence of local transmission. This outbreak affected workers who ate in a restauran...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S095026881100121X
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Salmonella typhimurium is the most frequently identified serovar of Salmonella in Italy. This serovar is characterized by the widespread dissemination among human and non-human sources of phenotypically and genetically well-differentiated clones. In this study 457 strains of S. typhimurium isolated in Italy in the yea...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800050974
更新日期:1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is a paucity of information on the risk from potable water in non-passenger merchant vessels (NPMVs) particularly with regard to Legionella and other bacteria. This retrospective study examined water samples from 550 NPMVs docked in eight UK ports. A total of 1027 samples from 412 NPMVs were examined for total a...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268816002715
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::With a case-crossover design, a case's exposure during a risk period is compared to the case's exposures at referent periods. The selection of referents for this self-controlled design is determined by the referent selection strategy (RSS). Previous research mainly focused on systematic bias associated with the RSS. W...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268820000916
更新日期:2020-05-04 00:00:00
abstract::Whole apples have not been previously implicated in outbreaks of foodborne bacterial illness. We investigated a nationwide listeriosis outbreak associated with caramel apples. We defined an outbreak-associated case as an infection with one or both of two outbreak strains of Listeria monocytogenes highly related by who...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268816003083
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Esterase electrophoretic typing and restriction fragment length polymorphism of ribosomal DNA regions (ribotyping) were used to differentiate 102 Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates obtained from chronic lung infection in 23 patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and two reference strains (including the type strain A...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800067595
更新日期:1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The screening of 2000 women of childbearing age in Cork between 2004 and 2006 produced 37 erythromycin-resistant group B streptococcus (GBS) isolates. PCR analysis was performed to determine the basis for erythromycin resistance. The ermTR gene was most frequently expressed (n = 19), followed by the ermB gene (n = 8)....
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268809990392
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study analyses the epidemiologic, clinical and molecular findings of all culture-confirmed cases of listeriosis notified from 2010 to 2015 in the Tel Aviv District, which is known to have high rates of listeriosis. All clinical isolates of Listeria monocytogenes were subtyped using two-enzyme pulsed-field gel ele...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268817003004
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to assess and describe the current spectrum of emerging zoonoses between 2000 and 2006 in European countries. A computerized search of the Medline database from January 1966 to August 2006 for all zoonotic agents in European countries was performed using specific criteria for emergence. F...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S0950268807008527
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Serological tests are very frequently used in epidemiological surveys of leishmaniasis and other parasitoses. Their sensitivity and specificity are generally defined with respect to parasitism and disease, rather than infection. The reason is that known positives are those individuals most likely to yield parasites, o...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800051074
更新日期:1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Twenty strains of V. vulnificus isolated from the environment were investigated for characteristics related to their infectivity such as colonial morphology, enzymatic activity and animal assays. The presence of DNase, chitinase, amylase, lecithinase and gelatinase was observed in 100% of the strains, haemolytic activ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800049979
更新日期:1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an economically important, acute or sub-acute, viral disease of cattle that occurs across Africa and in the Middle East. The aim of this study was to investigate if lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) can be transmitted mechanically by African brown ear ticks (Rhipicephalus appendiculatus Neum....
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268812000805
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Piglets between 1 and 40 days of age were inoculated with varying numbers and with different isolates of Streptococcus suis type 2 by the intranasal, intravenous and subarachnoid routes. Less than 100 organisms of an isolate cultured from apparently normal pigs caused subclinical infection in 1-day-old piglets after i...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800048081
更新日期:1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In recent years, the effect of Toxoplasma gondii infection on the cerebrum and neuropsychiatric patients has been increasingly highlighted. However, there is limited information about the epidemiology of T. gondii infection in psychiatric patients in Shandong province, eastern China. Therefore, through a case-control ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268814003835
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mycoplasma pneumoniae outbreaks cause increased use of macrolides and tetracyclines. We aimed to investigate whether drug use data, in addition to laboratory data, could improve understanding of the spread of M. pneumoniae epidemics. Number of users of Mycoplasma antibiotics (erythromycin, doxycycline, clarithromycin)...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268814002908
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined the relationship between meteorological parameters and hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) activity. Meteorological data collected from 2000 to 2004 were tested for correlation with HFMD consultation rates calculated through the sentinel surveillance system in Hong Kong. The regression model constructed wa...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268810002256
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The inhibitory influence of cyanuric acid on the virucidal effect of chlorine was studied. The time required for 99.9% inactivation of ten enteroviruses and two adenoviruses by 0.5 mg/l free available chlorine at pH 7.0 and 25 degrees C was prolonged approximately 4.8-28.8 times by the addition of 30 mg/l cyanuric aci...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800029502
更新日期:1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The depopulation of Pacific islands during the 16th to 19th centuries is a striking example of historical mass mortality due to infectious disease. Pacific Island populations have not been subject to such cataclysmic infectious disease mortality since. Here we explore the processes which could have given rise to this ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268816001989
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00