Abstract:
:Orf virus has a worldwide distribution among sheep and goats. The hypersensitivity reaction erythema multiforme (EM) is a known complication of orf infection in humans; however, its occurrence is poorly understood and has not been extensively reviewed. We present two unrelated cases of orf-associated EM, and a review of the literature, highlighting important clinical, epidemiological and immunological aspects of this condition. Orf and its associated complications can occur in rural areas, as well as urban settings, where it is less well-known, through religious or cultural practices involving animal slaughter. Obtaining a history of animal exposures from patients with lesions suspicious for orf and secondary skin eruptions can guide diagnosis and identification of the inciting immune stimulus. Determining the pathophysiology and relative contribution of host and viral factors contributing to EM and other orf-associated hypersensitivity reactions could facilitate the identification of risk factors and inform treatment decisions.
journal_name
Epidemiol Infectjournal_title
Epidemiology and infectionauthors
Joseph RH,Haddad FA,Matthews AL,Maroufi A,Monroe B,Reynolds Mdoi
10.1017/S0950268814000879subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-01-01 00:00:00pages
385-90issue
2eissn
0950-2688issn
1469-4409pii
S0950268814000879journal_volume
143pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes from vaginal swabs of children with vulvovaginitis received at Nottingham Public Health Laboratory during 1986-9 were studied. A total of 159 isolates was made during the 4 years, increasing from 17 in 1986 to 64 in 1989 and accounting for 11% of all vaginal swabs received from child...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800067509
更新日期:1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 2013, an unusual increase of paratyphoid fever cases in travellers returning from Cambodia was reported in Japan. From December 2012 to September 2013, 18 cases of Salmonella Paratyphi A infection were identified. Microbiological analyses revealed that most isolates had the same clonal identity, although the epidem...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268815001648
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clinical information was collected on 722 cases of Listeria monocytogenes infections in humans occurring in Britain between 1967 and 1985. This series comprised 34% (248 cases) associated with pregnancy and 66% (474 cases) in non-pregnant adults and juveniles. The cases not associated with pregnancy comprised: 76% in ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800059355
更新日期:1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Serological tests are very frequently used in epidemiological surveys of leishmaniasis and other parasitoses. Their sensitivity and specificity are generally defined with respect to parasitism and disease, rather than infection. The reason is that known positives are those individuals most likely to yield parasites, o...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800051074
更新日期:1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Salmonella spp. is the causative agent of a foodborne disease called salmonellosis, which is the second most commonly reported gastrointestinal infection in the European Union (EU). Although over the years the annual number of cases of foodborne salmonellosis within the EU has decreased markedly, in 2014, a total of 8...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S0950268816001540
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study compares the frequency and severity of influenza A/H1N1pdm09 (A/H1), influenza A/H3N2 (A/H3) and other respiratory virus infections in hospitalised patients. Data from 17 332 adult hospitalised patients admitted to Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, with a respiratory illness between 2...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S095026881900195X
更新日期:2019-11-28 00:00:00
abstract::We conducted the first seroepidemiological study to evaluate the exposure of zoo animals to Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. in German zoos and wildlife parks. A total of 1487 individuals representing 148 ungulate and carnivore species belonging to 19 families were examined using a non-species dependent ELISA. Specific antib...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268803008896
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is limited information on the roles of different age groups in propagating pertussis outbreaks, and the temporal changes in those roles since the introduction of acellular pertussis vaccines. The relative roles of different age groups in propagating the 2010 and the 2014 pertussis epidemics in California were ev...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268819000761
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Avian influenza virus (AIV) is an important zoonotic pathogen, resulting in global human morbidity and mortality and substantial economic losses to the poultry industry. Poultry and wild birds have transmitted AIV to humans, most frequently subtypes H5 and H7, but also different strains and subtypes of H6, H9, and H10...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268814003586
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Waterborne disease outbreaks (WBDO) of acute gastrointestinal illness (AGI) are a public health concern in France. Their occurrence is probably underestimated due to the lack of a specific surveillance system. The French health insurance database provides an interesting opportunity to improve the detection of these ev...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268815001673
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Norovirus is the most frequent cause of acute infectious gastroenteritis and it is difficult to control in crowded environments like hospitals and nursing homes. Transmission depends on oral intake of virus deposited in the environment by infectious subjects. Data from volunteer studies indicate that virus concentrati...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S095026881400274X
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, two sheep, eight dromedary camels and two Bactrian camels were inoculated with foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) type A SAU 22/92. Five naive dromedary camels and four sheep were kept in direct or indirect contact with the inoculated camels. The inoculated sheep, which served as positive controls, dis...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268808001088
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Serum specimens were collected from 25 wild boars in Hiroshima prefecture located in the western region of Japan from November 2004 to February 2005. The sera were tested for antibodies to Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) by IgM capture and IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), and plaque reduction neutrali...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268806007710
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) with the type IV staphylococcal chromosomal cassette mec (SCCmec) is rarely reported as being acquired in hospital. We report a hospital outbreak, in Grampian, Scotland, of eight cases of skin and soft-tissue infections due to such a strain. Al...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268809002234
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A retrospective cohort study was conducted to quantitate the relationship between neutropenia and rates of clinical bacteraemia among adults with HIV infection receiving medical care at one institution between 1991-5. The primary exposure, absolute neutrophil count (ANC), was summarized as mean ANC within a given week...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s095026889700842x
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of the study was to assess whether genotypic characterization by means of DNA-fingerprinting pattern (DFP) and multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MEE) profile as compared to phenotypic characterization would improve the differentiation of Neisseria meningitidis strains associated with outbreaks from stra...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800052328
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Salmonella enterica causes an estimated 1 million domestically acquired foodborne illnesses annually. Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE) is among the top three serovars of reported cases of Salmonella. We examined trends in SE foodborne outbreaks from 1973 to 2009 using Joinpoint and Poisson regression. The ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268815001867
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper applies a scenario planning approach, to outline some current uncertainties related to COVID-19 and what they might mean for plausible futures for which we should prepare, and to identify factors that we as individual faculty members and university institutions should be considering now, when planning for t...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268820000898
更新日期:2020-04-29 00:00:00
abstract::Forecasting the epidemics of the diseases is very valuable in planning and supplying resources effectively. This study aims to estimate the epidemiological trends of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) prevalence and mortality using the advanced α-Sutte Indicator, and its prediction accuracy level was compared wit...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S095026882000237X
更新日期:2020-10-05 00:00:00
abstract::To analyse sociodemographic, viroimmunological and clinical parameters in different HIV-transmission categories at baseline and during treatment, 3039 patients were followed up for 12 months after the initiation of a nelfinavir-based regimen. Multiple baseline parameters were significantly different in the diverse cat...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268809991282
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a prospective observational study 4,485 patients from 46 clinical centres in 17 European countries were followed between April 1994 and November 1996. Information on AIDS-defining events (ADEs) were collected together with basic demographic data, treatment history and laboratory results. The centres were divided in...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268802007719
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The number of band differences in DNA macrorestriction profiles required to distinguish unrelated strains from an index strain varies in an outbreak with the species and restriction enzyme used. In order to define this difference for epidemiological studies of Serratia marcescens, we produced DNA fingerprints from 57 ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268899004112
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We describe here an examination of the validity of molecular types of Campylobacter jejuni as defined by separation of SmaI-digested DNA using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), recently suggested as part of a molecular subtyping scheme. Thirty-four Danish strains from humans, water, poultry and cattle were assi...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268898008668
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis A virus was assessed in a Dutch nationwide sample (n = 7367). A questionnaire was used to study the association with various sociodemographic characteristics. Overall, 33.8% (95% CI 31.6-36%) of the population had hepatitis A antibodies. The seroprevalence was less than 10% in...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268899003842
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This manuscript extends our previously published work (based on data from one clinic) on the association between three drinking water-treatment modalities (boiling, filtering, and bottling) and diarrhoeal disease in HIV-positive persons by incorporating data from two additional clinics collected in the following year....
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268802007422
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to assess and describe the current spectrum of emerging zoonoses between 2000 and 2006 in European countries. A computerized search of the Medline database from January 1966 to August 2006 for all zoonotic agents in European countries was performed using specific criteria for emergence. F...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S0950268807008527
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous reports in the literature suggest that Burkholderia pseudomallei strains can be differentiated on the basis of animal virulence. Twenty environmentally and clinically derived isolates of Burkholderia pseudomallei were examined for the production of exoenzymes, morphological and biochemical phenotypes and viru...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s095026889600739x
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::British cattle were infected with the South African (Neethling) strain of lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) and their clinical signs monitored over a 3-week period. Different routes of infection were assessed for effect on the clinical characteristics of the disease by using a clinical scoring system. Neither of 2 anima...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800052067
更新日期:1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) and varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection can cause serious diseases and complications in the HIV-positive population. Due to successful vaccination programmes measles, mumps and congenital rubella syndrome has become neglected in Germany. However, recent outbreaks of measles have occurr...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1017/S095026881600217X
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Yukon Territory (YT) is a remote region in northern Canada with ongoing spread of tuberculosis (TB). To explore the utility of whole genome sequencing (WGS) for TB surveillance and monitoring in a setting with detailed contact tracing and interview data, we used a mixed-methods approach. Our analysis included all cult...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0950268820000072
更新日期:2020-02-04 00:00:00