Abstract：
OBJECTIVES:To establish an objective, scientific, evidence-based process for planning statistical quality control (SQC) procedures based on quality required for a test, precision and bias observed for a measurement procedure, probabilities of error detection and false rejection for different control rules and numbers of control measurements, and frequency of QC events (or run size) to minimize patient risk. METHODS:A Sigma-Metric Run Size Nomogram and Power Function Graphs have been used to guide the selection of control rules, numbers of control measurements, and frequency of QC events (or patient run size). RESULTS:A tabular summary is provided by a Sigma-Metric Run Size Matrix, with a graphical summary of Westgard Sigma Rules with Run Sizes. CONCLUSION:Medical laboratories can plan evidence-based SQC practices using simple tools that relate the Sigma-Metric of a testing process to the control rules, number of control measurements, and run size (or frequency of QC events).
journal_name
Am J Clin Patholjournal_title
American journal of clinical pathologyauthors
Westgard JO,Westgard SAdoi
10.1093/ajcp/aqy158subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-03-01 00:00:00pages
364-370issue
4eissn
0002-9173issn
1943-7722pii
5231209journal_volume
151pub_type
杂志文章abstract：OBJECTIVES:We describe the morphologic and immunohistochemical features of 17 endometrial stromal neoplasms, 16 sarcomas, and one stromal nodule. METHODS:We reviewed 35 cases interpreted as endometrial stromal neoplasms, but 17 high-grade endometrial stromal sarcomas (ESS) and one case of mixed endometrial sarcoma and...
journal_title：American journal of clinical pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1309/AJCPS88CMJRXZBWA
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The reactivity of eight preferential B-cell (L26, 4KB5, and KiB3) and T-cell (polyclonal CD3, Leu22, MT-1, UCHL-1, and OPD4) antibodies which detect paraffin-resistant antigens was examined by a three-step immunoperoxidase technique in 111 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded diffuse aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (N...
journal_title：American journal of clinical pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ajcp/102.3.284
更新日期：1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:"Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion" (LSIL-H) is an increasingly used, equivocal interpretive category in gynecologic cytology. In an effort to evaluate its potential usefulness as a measure of quality assurance, we studied patterns of use of the...
journal_title：American journal of clinical pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1309/AJCP8J4ROAVWOSHQ
更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The immunohistochemical staining patterns of three pulmonary blastomas (PBs) were studied for markers of mesenchymal (vimentin, muscle-specific actin) and epithelial (cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen) differentiation to clarify their phenotypic nature and, possibly, their histogenesis. Epithelial markers were ...
journal_title：American journal of clinical pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ajcp/89.6.773
更新日期：1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Seventy-nine mycelial-form stock cultures of Blastomyces dermatitidis, Coccidioides immitis, Histoplasma capsulatum, and morphologically similar fungi were extracted and tested by using commercial macroimmunodiffusion exoantigen test kits and the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) reference system for identifying funga...
journal_title：American journal of clinical pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ajcp/79.3.379
更新日期：1983-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Inhibition of anti-Rh29 by erythrocytic stroma in feces was devised as a specific test for fecal occult blood. The sensitivity of this test was equivalent to that of a standard Hemoccult test, namely, 10(8) erythrocytes/g feces. Comparison of results of this test with results of Hemoccult tests of random stool specime...
journal_title：American journal of clinical pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ajcp/71.2.204
更新日期：1979-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a preliminary attempt to distinguish random intrinsic and methodologic variations of blood lipid levels from any that have possibly been induced by ingestion of vitamin E, blood samples were analyzed in duplicate for lipids several times before and during oral vitamin E administration. Three of eight subjects showe...
journal_title：American journal of clinical pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ajcp/91.2.165
更新日期：1989-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two patients with sporadic primary hyperparathyroidism were found to harbor tiny medullary thyroid carcinomas. In addition, parafollicular-cell hyperplasia was recognized in one of these thyroids by the use of immunoperoxidase stain to localize calcitonin. The possible relationships between these lesions are discussed...
journal_title：American journal of clinical pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ajcp/71.5.595
更新日期：1979-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A new disposable bleeding time device (Hemalet) was tested in 20 normal individuals and 11 patients with various bleeding disorders. The results were compared with those of Simplate II. The mean bleeding time for normal individuals was 5.4 +/- 1.5 (mean +/- 1 SD) minutes by Hemalet and 5.8 +/- 1.4 (mean +/- 1 SD) minu...
journal_title：American journal of clinical pathology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ajcp/85.5.610
更新日期：1986-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：Objectives:Diagnosis of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) requires immunophenotypic evidence of B-lineage and absence of specific myeloid or T-lineage markers. Rare cases of otherwise typical B-ALL express myeloperoxidase (MPO) detectable by flow cytometry with an absence of other myeloid markers, but the cli...
journal_title：American journal of clinical pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ajcp/aqx021
更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We reviewed the cytologic features of 20 adrenal cortical carcinomas (ACCs; 9 primary and 11 metastatic) from 19 patients and highlighted diagnostic pitfalls. The mean size of primary ACCs was 11.9 cm, and that of metastatic ACCs was 3.0 cm. The metastatic sites were liver, lung, lymph node, soft tissue, and bone. Pri...
journal_title：American journal of clinical pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1309/AQFEB5WEMU41N9K1
更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A nodule of the liver was incidentally noted during left colectomy for a large villous adenoma in a 74-year-old man. Microscopic examination disclosed a granuloma of the liver containing numerous Enterobius vermicularis ova and a cross-section of the nematode. This is the fourth reported case of hepatic oxyuriasis and...
journal_title：American journal of clinical pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ajcp/91.1.97
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bone marrow angiogenesis in patients with idiopathic myelofibrosis (IM) was evaluated by using a quantitative morphometric analysis test system. IM specimens had a significantly higher degree of bone marrow microvessel density (MVD) compared with control specimens. The higher degree of angiogenesis was associated with...
journal_title：American journal of clinical pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1309/4YGK-ED5L-WFW4-AVDV
更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Criteria for assessing adequacy of cervicovaginal smears according to the Bethesda System include cellular composition and quantity, specimen preservation, fixation, and absence of obscuring elements. The reproducibility of adequacy assessment using these parameters was the focus of this study. Specimens were chosen t...
journal_title：American journal of clinical pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ajcp/102.3.354
更新日期：1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A 55-year-old man presented with nerve compression and examination of tissue removed by laminectomy, and bone marrow aspiration was diagnostic of multiple myeloma. Protein studies showed a total serum protein of 5.7 g/dL, with a M-component in the fast beta region. The abnormal protein reacted only with anti-lambda an...
journal_title：American journal of clinical pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An unusual case of carcinoma of the prostate with metastases is described. the prostate and the metastases showed adenocarcinoma with carcinoid-like areas. A tumor with the same histologic features was found at the tip of the appendix and proved to be metastatic. The possibility of primary carcinoid of the prostate wa...
journal_title：American journal of clinical pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ajcp/76.1.94
更新日期：1981-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Laboratory Branch Complement Fixation and FIAX (fluorescence immunoassay) were compared for the detection of antibodies to herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus in human sera. Of 68 sera with no antibodies to herpes simplex virus by complement fixation, one specimen was positive by FIAX (specificity, 98.6%). Of 75 ...
journal_title：American journal of clinical pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ajcp/75.3.387
更新日期：1981-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Immunophenotypic analysis of acute leukemias is time consuming and often requires flow cytometric analysis. A 1-hour alkaline phosphatase-labeled streptavidin-biotin immunocytochemical procedure was evaluated as an alternative. Seventeen cases of acute leukemia, including 10 acute lymphocytic (ALL) and 7 acute nonlymp...
journal_title：American journal of clinical pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ajcp/97.6.876
更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A teenage male, with Goodpasture's syndrome and serum antiglomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) antibodies, had a focal proliferative glomerulonephritis with crescents. Immunofluorescence microscopy of his glomeruli using anti-IgG antibodies demonstrated both intense linear GBM staining, and granular subepithelial s...
journal_title：American journal of clinical pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ajcp/78.3.381
更新日期：1982-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The participant performances on the College of American Pathologists (CAP) Urine Survey specimens distributed during 1979 and 1980 for pregnancy testing are reviewed. Almost all the reagent methods used by the participants performed well on the negative specimens. Prominent differences in results on the positive speci...
journal_title：American journal of clinical pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1981-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Postmortem pathologic and bacteriologic reports were analyzed for 237 deaths occurring at a large institution for the mentally retarded from 1958 to 1973. Bronchopneumonia, aspiration pneumonia, and lipid pneumonia were frequently reported at autopsy, and in a total of 146 cases (61.6%) at least one type of pneumonia ...
journal_title：American journal of clinical pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ajcp/67.2.190
更新日期：1977-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Differential characterization of the "reticulum cell" in lymphoreticular neoplasms. Am J Clin Pathol. 64: 171-179, 1975. The term "reticulum cell" is confusing, having been applied to the cells involved in many hematopoietic neoplasms, such as reticulum-cell sarcoma, histiocytic medullary reticulosis, leukemic reticul...
journal_title：American journal of clinical pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ajcp/64.2.171
更新日期：1975-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The recent clinical and commercial success of anticancer antibodies such as rituximab and trastuzumab has created great interest in antibody-based therapeutics for hematopoietic malignant neoplasms and solid tumors. Given the likelihood of lower toxic effects of antibodies that target tumor cells and have limited impa...
journal_title：American journal of clinical pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1309/Y6LP-C0LR-726L-9DX9
更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Immunophenotypic analysis is useful in distinguishing reactive from neoplastic lymphoproliferations, particularly when tissue is limited or histologic findings are equivocal. Surface membrane immunoglobulin (SmIg) light chain restriction in B cells is especially helpful in documenting clonality, and the loss of SmIg b...
journal_title：American journal of clinical pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1309/5R76B01VCATQLBK6
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Myxomatous degeneration of the mitral valve is a disease of unknown etiology that is associated with many ominous complications. A case in which non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis, superimposed on a myxomatous mitral valve, resulted in systemic embolization to the brain, heart, and kidney is presented. The purpose ...
journal_title：American journal of clinical pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ajcp/72.3.489
更新日期：1979-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Serum ferritin, serum iron, and unsaturated iron binding capacity were studied in 64 patients with beta homozygous thalassemia (BHT), 120 patients with beta heterozygous thalassemia, and 46 normal subjects. Incidence of iron overload seen in 32 BHT cases was similar in untransfused and transfused cases. Among heterozy...
journal_title：American journal of clinical pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ajcp/84.1.103
更新日期：1985-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The resources needed to operate a clinical chemistry laboratory are known only as rough approximations. In order to gather more information about these resources, a 13-page questionnaire was completed by 50 pathology departments of which 38 departments provided adequate information about their clinical chemistry secti...
journal_title：American journal of clinical pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ajcp/78.6.839
更新日期：1982-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Reducing the rate of avoidable errors is crucial to patient safety. Telephone calls with misunderstood critical results constitute one area in which opportunities for improvement exist. The aviation industry has dealt with this issue by requiring pilots to repeat instructions received from the air traffic controller. ...
journal_title：American journal of clinical pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1309/9DYM-6R0T-M830-U95Q
更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To improve the positive predictive value (PPV) for high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) in primary screening, DNA ploidy was measured on the same liquid-based sample by image cytometry in 984 cases showing discrepancies between cytology and HR-HPV testing. Of the conflicting results, 14.5% corresponded to a cytolog...
journal_title：American journal of clinical pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1309/6NXC-V9XD-YM87-8FAE
更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two separate courses in clinical pathology were presented to two groups of second-year medical students. The first (large) group was taught by the conventional lecture method; the other (small) group, by a self-instructional method for roughly half of the course, followed by the conventional lecture method for the sec...
journal_title：American journal of clinical pathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/ajcp/70.6.847
更新日期：1978-12-01 00:00:00
