Abstract:
:The long-term effects of multiple sport-related concussions are currently at the center of debate in the popular press and scientific community. The question, "How many concussions are too many," is frequently asked in the competitive sport environment by parents, athletes, and coaches. While research suggests that a history of concussion influences the risk and recovery from subsequent concussion, studies investigating the long-term effects of multiple concussions are less conclusive. This paper reviews the literature on multiple concussions and the potential long-term consequences of these injuries. Furthermore, this paper addresses how concussion history can inform clinical and return-to-play decisions. Recent studies incorporating novel brain imaging and electrophysiological technology for assessing residual impairment from multiple concussions are reviewed and the clinical implications of this work are discussed.
journal_name
Transl Stroke Resjournal_title
Translational stroke researchauthors
Elbin RJ,Covassin T,Henry L,Whalen DJ,Wedge J,Kontos APdoi
10.1007/s12975-012-0237-ysubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-08-01 00:00:00pages
425-31issue
4eissn
1868-4483issn
1868-601Xjournal_volume
4pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Intracerebral hemorrhage is by far the most destructive form of stroke. Apart from the management in a specialized stroke or neurological intensive care unit (NICU), no specific therapies have been shown to consistently improve outcomes after ICH. Current guidelines endorse early aggressive optimization of physiologic...
journal_title:Translational stroke research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12975-012-0175-8
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ischemic stroke contributes to the majority of brain injuries and remains to be a leading cause of death and long-term disability. Despite the devastating pathology and high incidence of disease, there remain only few treatment options (TPA and endovascular procedures), which may be hampered by time-dependent administ...
journal_title:Translational stroke research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s12975-013-0319-5
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has dramatically changed our ability to diagnose and treat stroke as well as follow its evolution and response to treatment. Early stroke and ischemia can be visualized using diffusion-weighted imaging that utilizes water diffusion within tissues as a reporter for evolving neuropatholo...
journal_title:Translational stroke research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12975-011-0139-4
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::An argument for preclinical stroke research to make more use of the permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model, rather than transient MCAO, is presented. Despite STAIR recommending permanent MCAO as the primary model, preclinical stroke research has not been listened. In 2012, Hossmann reported that 64% o...
journal_title:Translational stroke research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12975-017-0554-2
更新日期:2017-07-17 00:00:00
abstract::Pulmonary complications associated with persistent respiratory muscle weakness, paralysis, and spasticity are among the most important problems faced by patients with spinal cord injury when lack of muscle strength and disorganization of reciprocal respiratory muscle control lead to breathing insufficiency. This revie...
journal_title:Translational stroke research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12975-011-0114-0
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hydrocephalus is one of the most common sequelae after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), and it is a large contributor to the condition's high rates of readmission and mortality. Our objective was to quantify the healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and health economic burden incurred by the US health syste...
journal_title:Translational stroke research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12975-019-00697-9
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cavernous angioma (CA) is a vascular pathology caused by loss of function in one of the 3 CA genes (CCM1, CCM2, and CCM3) that result in rho kinase (ROCK) activation. We investigated a novel ROCK2 selective inhibitor for the ability to reduce brain lesion formation, growth, and maturation. We used genetic methods to e...
journal_title:Translational stroke research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12975-019-00725-8
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In clinical trials, assessing efficacy is based on validated scales, and the primary endpoint is usually based on a single scale. The aim of the review is to revisit the concepts and methods to design and analyze studies focused on restoration, recovery and or compensation. These studies are becoming more frequent wit...
journal_title:Translational stroke research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s12975-016-0488-0
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rodent animal models of stroke are widely used with brain ischemia inducible by various occlusion methods. Permanent or transient occlusion of the distal portion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAO) offers a reproducible model with low mortality rates, and it is the most likely model of choice for mid- and long-term s...
journal_title:Translational stroke research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s12975-012-0234-1
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) has been recently introduced as a novel MRI post-processing technique of gradient recalled echo (GRE) data. QSM is useful in depicting both brain anatomy and for detecting abnormalities. Its utility in the context of ischemic stroke has, however, not been extensively character...
journal_title:Translational stroke research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12975-017-0591-x
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stroke prevention efforts typically focus on either ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. This approach is overly simplistic due to the frequent coexistence of ischemic and hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease. This coexistence, termed "mixed cerebrovascular disease", offers a conceptual framework that appears useful for str...
journal_title:Translational stroke research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12975-012-0185-6
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Positron emission tomography (PET) is widely used in clinical and animal studies, along with the development of diverse tracers. The biochemical characteristics of PET tracers may help uncover the pathophysiological consequences of cardiac arrest (CA) and ischemic stroke, which include cerebral ischemia and reperfusio...
journal_title:Translational stroke research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s12975-019-00765-0
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The incidence of small vessel-type (lacunar) ischemic strokes is greater in African-Americans compared to whites. The chronic inflammatory changes that result from lacunar stroke are poorly understood. To elucidate these changes, we measured serum inflammatory and thrombotic biomarkers in African-Americans at least 6 ...
journal_title:Translational stroke research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12975-015-0424-8
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This review focuses on assessment of behavioral outcomes following traumatic brain injury in juvenile animal models. In the 15 years since the first publication in this field, the majority of studies have used rats roughly equivalent to human toddlers in terms of brain development. Few studies have tested ages closer ...
journal_title:Translational stroke research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12975-011-0132-y
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating disease and a major burden on society. Despite this, pharmacological treatment options are limited. Appropriate animal modelling of SAH is essential for the development of neuroprotective drugs, but experimental SAH often fails to produce widespread neuronal loss, as fre...
journal_title:Translational stroke research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12975-011-0124-y
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Anticoagulation increases the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in patients with cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), so the management of stroke-risk in patients with both atrial fibrillation (AF) and CAA is controversial. Advances in left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) techniques provide a stroke-risk-reduction ...
journal_title:Translational stroke research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12975-020-00838-5
更新日期:2020-08-07 00:00:00
abstract::Activation and repression of gene expression are key features of ischemic tolerance. Converging lines of inquiry from several groups suggests that epigenetic proteins may transduce sublethal stresses, including bioenergetic or oxidative stress into durable (2-3 days) changes in gene expression that mediate ischemic to...
journal_title:Translational stroke research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s12975-012-0235-0
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Admission hyperglycemia impacts ischemic stroke deleteriously but the relative role of acute hyperglycemia (HG) versus diabetes in the pathogenesis of this poor outcome is not clear. PURPOSE:To determine the effect of acute HG on neurovascular outcomes of stroke under control and diabetic conditions. METHO...
journal_title:Translational stroke research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12975-011-0083-3
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The presence of active developmental angiogenesis and vascular outgrowth in the postnatal brain may differentially affect vascular responses to stroke in newborns and adults, but very little is known about the dynamics of vascular injury and re-growth after stroke during the neonatal period. In this study we used a cl...
journal_title:Translational stroke research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12975-012-0214-5
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stroke is a cerebrovascular disorder that affects many people worldwide. Pericytes play an important role in stroke progression and recovery. The sigma-1 receptor (σ-1R) signaling pathway has been suggested as having promising neuroprotective potential in treating stroke; however, whether σ-1R activation regulates per...
journal_title:Translational stroke research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12975-019-00711-0
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hematoma puncture and subsequent clot lysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) emerged as an alternative therapy for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and is associated with delayed edema possibly counteracting the beneficial effects of hematoma volume reduction. We hypothesized that immedia...
journal_title:Translational stroke research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12975-012-0188-3
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acute ischemic stroke affects over 800,000 US adults annually, with hundreds of thousands more experiencing a transient ischemic attack. Emergent evaluation, prompt acute treatment, and identification of stroke or TIA (transient ischemic attack) etiology for specific secondary prevention are critical for decreasing fu...
journal_title:Translational stroke research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12975-017-0537-3
更新日期:2017-05-05 00:00:00
abstract::Noninvasive magnetic resonance (MR) methods have been explored to provide quantitative measurements of cerebral blood flow (CBF), oxygen extraction fraction (OEF), and oxygen metabolic index (OMI = CBF × OEF). In this study, we sought to evaluate whether MR measured OEF, CBF, and OMI can consistently detect the expect...
journal_title:Translational stroke research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12975-011-0142-9
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage comprises of an early phase after the bleeding and a late phase of delayed consequences of the bleeding. The development of delayed injury mechanisms, like the reduction of cerebral blood flow (CBF) due to cerebral vasospasm (CVS), seems mainly to depend on the amount and the duratio...
journal_title:Translational stroke research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12975-015-0392-z
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ischemic stroke is a devastating neural event as currently no therapies other than physical rehabilitation are available to enhance recovery after stroke. To identify endogenous mediators to repair stroke brain, we performed the expression profiling analysis of transcripts in the mouse photothrombotic stroke brain. Ba...
journal_title:Translational stroke research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12975-015-0401-2
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the original publication of the article, there was a switched order of author names. ...
journal_title:Translational stroke research
pub_type: 杂志文章,已发布勘误
doi:10.1007/s12975-018-0618-y
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our group recently identified a panel of ten genes whose RNA expression levels in whole blood have utility for detection of stroke. The purpose of this study was to determine the mechanisms by which these genes become differentially expressed during stroke pathology. First, we assessed the transcriptional distribution...
journal_title:Translational stroke research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12975-018-0623-1
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) is a NAD+-dependent histone deacetylase that represses gene expression and plays a role in longevity. SIRT1 responds to diverse stress conditions and regulates metabolism in nutrient deficiency conditions; therefore, it is involved in adaptive pathways to better fulfill tissue ne...
journal_title:Translational stroke research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s12975-013-0277-y
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Poor clinical outcomes despite endovascular therapy (EVT) are common in patients with acute basilar artery occlusion (BAO). We aimed to develop a new angiographic collateral grading system for predicting 90-day functional outcomes of acute BAO after EVT. A prospectively registered consecutive cohort of acute BAO patie...
journal_title:Translational stroke research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12975-020-00856-3
更新日期:2020-09-28 00:00:00
abstract::RTL1000 is a partial human MHC molecule coupled to a human myelin peptide. We previously demonstrated that RTL1000 was protective against experimental ischemic stroke in HLA-DR2 transgenic (DR2-Tg) mice. Since thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) is a standard therapy for stroke, we determ...
journal_title:Translational stroke research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12975-014-0348-8
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00