TLR cross-talk confers specificity to innate immunity.

abstract：:Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is specialized for the recognition of pathogenic nucleic acids. TLR9 is expressed in intracellular compartments where it responds specifically to pathogen DNA. Several factors contribute to the ability of TLR9 to discriminate between self and foreign DNA. Regulatory mechanisms of the innate...

journal_title：International reviews of immunology

authors： Vollmer J

更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tec family kinases are the second largest family of non-receptor tyrosine kinases, of critical importance to the biology of cells derived from the bone marrow. Significant progress in this area during the last decade revealed a role for several of these kinases in inflammatory and oncologic disorders. This led to the ...

journal_title：International reviews of immunology

authors： Faris M,Bot A

更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Leukocytes can't perform phagocytosis in blood stream. Blood velocity prevents phagocytosis because there is no time for leukocyte to recognize and catch bacteria. Bloodstream clearance from pathogens is performed by erythrocytes. During motion in bloodstream erythrocytes become charged by triboelectric effect. This c...

journal_title：International reviews of immunology

authors： Minasyan HA

更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The development and establishment of the B Cell Repertoire is the net result of both genetic and environmental forces. The primary event at the genetic level is Ig gene rearrangement resulting in numerous possible combination of genes which can be further modified by somatic events such as N segment addition and somat...

journal_title：International reviews of immunology

authors： Kearney JF,Won WJ,Benedict C,Moratz C,Zimmer P,Oliver A,Martin F,Shu F

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The C-type lectins DC-SIGN, DC-SIGNR and LSECtin are encoded by the lectin gene cluster on chromosome 19p13.3 and perform cell-adhesion and pathogen recognition functions on dendritic cells, liver cells and lymph node sinusoidal endothelial cells. DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR share similar overall gene and protein molecule st...

journal_title：International reviews of immunology

authors： Zhang F,Ren S,Zuo Y

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Most contemporary models of hematopoiesis assume lineage fidelity of early progenitor cells. Along with this concept normal hematopoietic cells and the majority of leukemias express exclusively myeloid or lymphoid specific antigens. On the other hand, growing evidence exists challenging the lineage fidelity model. Chr...

journal_title：International reviews of immunology

authors： Schmidt CA,Przybylski GK

更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Manipulation of the immune system in order specifically to attack autologous tumor cell has been a distant goal, largely due to the poor definition of tumor-associated antigens. By focussing on B cell lymphomas which express a molecularly defined clonal marker, the idiotypic immunoglobulin, it has been possible to gen...

journal_title：International reviews of immunology

authors： George AJ,Stevenson FK

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:T-helper (TH) 17 activation is crucial for protective immune responses against bacteria and fungi at mucosal surfaces, but it can also be implicated in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Although rapid progress was made elucidating induc...

journal_title：International reviews of immunology

authors： Verdier J,Ruemmele FM

更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The B cell repertoire consists of three tiers of clonotype diversity. One tier, which is the product of H chain V region rearrangements in the absence of N additions, is of limited diversity (less than 10(8) clonotypes) so that clonotypes of this tier would be expected to recur within and among B cells of individuals ...

journal_title：International reviews of immunology

authors： Decker DJ,Klinman NR

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) is a significant problem in women of childbearing ages and is caused by Candida albicans, a commensal organism of the intestinal and reproductive tracts. As a result of this commensalism, most healthy individuals have demonstrable Candida-specific adaptive immunity that is con...

journal_title：International reviews of immunology

authors： Fidel PL Jr

更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The gram-positive bacterium Streptococcus gordonii was engineered to express the microbicidal molecule H6, which is an antiidiotypic single chain antibody mimicking a yeast killer toxin. S. gordonii is a human commensal which we developed as a model system for mucosal delivery of heterologous proteins. The in vivo can...

journal_title：International reviews of immunology

authors： Oggioni MR,Beninati C,Boccanera M,Medaglini D,Spinosa MR,Maggi T,Conti S,Magliani W,De Bernardis F,Teti G,Cassone A,Pozzi G,Polonelli L

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Uveitis is underappreciated as a sight-threatening cause of blindness. There are two broad causative classes of uveitis: infectious and non-infectious. Non-infectious uveitis is considered a prototypical autoimmune disorder based mainly on data from experimental models in the mouse. Several different experimental mode...

journal_title：International reviews of immunology

authors： Forrester JV,Klaska IP,Yu T,Kuffova L

更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In these studies we have emphasized the apparent developmental hierarchy of B cell development and assigned a role for the multispecific self idiotype reactive B cells which develop first, in promoting the development of later appearing clones of B cells. These early sets of interconnecting clones of B cells bridge be...

journal_title：International reviews of immunology

authors： Vakil M,Kearney JF

更新日期：1988-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dendritic cells (DC) from human peripheral blood are susceptible to productive and probably to latent infection with HIV-I. Infection of DC also occurs in vivo since in HIV-seropositive individuals Langerhans' cells of the skin and DC from peripheral blood, (in preparation) are infected. In peripheral blood 3-25% of D...

journal_title：International reviews of immunology

authors： Knight SC,Macatonia SE,Patterson S

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), an autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), is becoming more and more prevalent in the recent years. Data on family and twin studies carry evidence for strong genetic influence on AITD susceptibility and development. The most common approaches to unravel the background of those diseases are who...

journal_title：International reviews of immunology

authors： Jabrocka-Hybel A,Skalniak A,Piątkowski J,Pach D,Hubalewska-Dydejczyk A

更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B family of proteins is a key regulator of inflammation, innate immunity, and cell survival and differentiation. Components of these pathways are potential targets of intervention for inflammation, infectious diseases, and cancer. However, therapeutic interventions that dampen the host re...

journal_title：International reviews of immunology

authors： Krakauer T

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Clinical manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are extremely diverse and variable, mainly because SLE is a multi-factorial disease. Variable combinations of contributing genes at multiple loci in individual patients probably result in diverse disease phenotypes. Genes that predispose to SLE are undoubte...

journal_title：International reviews of immunology

authors： Shirai T,Hirose S

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vascular endothelial dysfunction (ED) forms the cornerstone in the development of atherosclerotic lesions that clinically manifest as ischemia, myocardial infarction, stroke or peripheral arterial disease. ED can be triggered by various risk factors including hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, hyperhomocystenemia and...

journal_title：International reviews of immunology

authors： Akhtar S,Sharma A

更新日期：2021-01-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Elucidation of the structure of MHC molecules has provided profound new insights into their function in antigen presentation. In addition, structural studies have implicated certain regions of MHC molecules in specific functions. Although much of MHC biology has concentrated on the extensive polymorphism among these m...

journal_title：International reviews of immunology

authors： Krensky AM,Clayberger C

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In recent decades, extensive studies have indicated that IL-17A plays an important role in tumor progression and metastasis, but the underlying mechanisms are not immediately clear. In this review, we examined the literature from the recent years concerning the study of IL-17A in four kinds of tumor transfer paths, in...

journal_title：International reviews of immunology

authors： Xu LL,Li ZJ,Niu XL,Deng WM

更新日期：2017-11-02 00:00:00

abstract：:The present article summarizes a series of experiments which have been performed to describe an antigen-specific suppressor cell pathway for the suppression of the erythema and edema associated with an animal model of rheumatoid arthritis, collagen induced arthritis (CIA). Initial studies utilized the adoptive transfe...

journal_title：International reviews of immunology

authors： Kresina TF

更新日期：1988-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Over the past few decades, advancements in molecular and cell biology have allowed scientists to identify a large number of new antigens from a variety of viral and bacterial pathogens. However, successful development of these antigens into effective vaccines strongly relies on delivery systems able to avoid the rapid...

journal_title：International reviews of immunology

authors： Cutting SM,Hong HA,Baccigalupi L,Ricca E

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The immune response to the phosphorylcholine (PC) hapten elicited by PC-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) is composed of 2 groups of antibodies with specificity to either PC or phenylphosphorylcholine which were designated as group I and II anti-PC antibodies, respectively. We demonstrate that anti-PC IgE antibody expre...

journal_title：International reviews of immunology

authors： Blaser K,Heusser CH

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:CD40 is a 48 kDa glycoprotein predominantly expressed on B cells in both mouse and man, which interacts with a counterligand (CD40L), expressed on activated CD4+ T cells. CD40/CD40L interactions are now known to be essential for the initiation of antibody responses to T-dependent antigens. In this review we discuss th...

journal_title：International reviews of immunology

authors： Klaus GG,Choi MS,Lam EW,Johnson-Léger C,Cliff J

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:IVIgG preparations are now widely applied for immune modulatory treatment in various forms of autoimmune and immune complex diseases. Several controlled studies clearly demonstrated the clinical efficacy of this type of treatment; the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, however, have yet to be elucidated. Among ...

journal_title：International reviews of immunology

authors： Mannhalter JW,Eibl MM

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although the B cell antigen receptor (BCR) transmits survival and activation signals, BCR ligation can induce apoptosis in both immature and mature B cells. BCR-mediated apoptosis is suggested to play a role in self-tolerance by deleting self-reactive B cells. Generation of an apoptotic signal through BCR appears to d...

journal_title：International reviews of immunology

authors： Tsubata T

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Peripheral blood lymphocytes from nonatopic subjects and atopic patients were analyzed for cells expressing Fc receptors for IgE (Fc epsilon R). Nonatopic humans and atopic patients in remission had approximately 1 percent of Fc epsilon R+ peripheral blood lymphocytes. Usually greater than 99 percent of these cells we...

journal_title：International reviews of immunology

authors： Spiegelberg HL

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Phagosome-lysosome (P-L) fusion is one of the central immune-effector responses of host. It is known that phagosome maturation process is associated with numerous signaling cascades and among these, important role of calcium (Ca2+) signaling has been realized recently. Ca2+ plays key roles in actin rearrangement, acti...

journal_title：International reviews of immunology

authors： Pradhan G,Raj Abraham P,Shrivastava R,Mukhopadhyay S

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The interaction between immune responses and hepatitis B virus (HBV) is coordinated between innate and adaptive immunity. Anti-HBs antibodies protect the host by blocking the binding ability of HBV. Anti-HBc antibodies are detected with persistent HBV infection. The presence of anti-HBe antibodies is often associated ...

journal_title：International reviews of immunology

authors： Tsai HT,Tsai TH,Lu TM,Yang CC

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The concept of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) as molecules able to redirect T lymphocytes toward tumor cells is currently being exploited in the field of cancer immunotherapy. Despite promising preliminary results, some clinical trials evidenced limitations for this technology that must be overcome for more extensi...

journal_title：International reviews of immunology

authors： Chicaybam L,Sodré AL,Bonamino M

更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00