Genetics of Refraction and Myopia.

abstract：:Regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) comprise a diverse group of about 40 proteins which determine signaling amplitude and duration via modulation of receptor/G protein or receptor/effector coupling. Several members of the RGS family are expressed in the brain, where they have precise roles in regulation of importa...

journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science

authors： Terzi D,Stergiou E,King SL,Zachariou V

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Wnt family of secreted glycoproteins participates in a wide array of biological processes, including cellular differentiation, proliferation, survival, apoptosis, adhesion, angiogenesis, hypertrophy, and aging. The canonical Wnt signaling primarily utilizes β-catenin-mediated activation of transcription, while the...

journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science

authors： Flaherty MP,Kamerzell TJ,Dawn B

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mitochondria are well-known cellular organelles that play a vital role in cellular bioenergetics, heme biosynthesis, thermogenesis, calcium homeostasis, lipid catabolism, and other metabolic activities. Given the extensive role of mitochondria in cell function, mitochondrial dysfunction plays a part in many diseases, ...

journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science

authors： Akhter F,Chen D,Yan SF,Yan SS

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cell membrane-associated junctional complexes mediate cell-cell adhesion, intercellular interactions, and other fundamental processes required for proper embryo morphogenesis. Cadherins are calcium-dependent transmembrane proteins at the core of adherens junctions and are expressed in distinct spatiotemporal patterns ...

journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science

authors： Taneyhill LA,Schiffmacher AT

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is the principle regulator of calcium-phosphorus metabolism and bone turnover. Because of its central role in bone remodeling, recombinant human PTH (i.e., Forteo®; PTH(1-34)) has been developed for the treatment of osteoporosis. PTH(1-34) acts principally through the type I PTH/PTH-related p...

journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science

authors： Bohinc BN,Gesty-Palmer D

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mechanotransduction, the conversion of a mechanical stimulus into an electrical signal, is a central mechanism to several physiological functions in mammals. It relies on the function of mechanosensitive ion channels (MSCs). Although the first single-channel recording from MSCs dates back to 30 years ago, the identity...

journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science

authors： Sharif-Naeini R

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glycated serum protein (GSP, measured as serum fructosamine concentration in μmol/L) is a product of glycation reaction between glucose and serum proteins in the blood circulation. GSP is used along with blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and glycated albumin as indicators of glycemic control for diabetic pat...

journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science

authors： Wang X,Zhang R,Zhang L,Tian Z

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies or prion diseases describe a number of different human disorders that differ in their clinical phenotypes, which are nonetheless united by their transmissible nature and common pathology. Clinical variation in the absence of a conventional infectious agent is believed to be en...

journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science

authors： Ellett LJ,Revill ZT,Koo YQ,Lawson VA

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that is characterized histopathologically by the presence of plaques, mainly composed of Abeta amyloid and the tangles, mainly composed of hyperphosphorylated tau. To date, there is no treatment that can reverse the disease, and all the current therapeutic...

journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science

authors： Corbo CP,Alonso Adel C

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neurodegenerative diseases are complex, progressive disorders and affect millions of people worldwide, contributing significantly to the global burden of disease. In recent years, research has begun to investigate epigenetic mechanisms for a potential role in disease etiology. In this chapter, we describe the current ...

journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science

authors： Lardenoije R,Pishva E,Lunnon K,van den Hove DL

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Obesity is a condition in which excess body fat has accumulated over an extent that increases the risk of many chronic diseases. The current clinical classification of obesity is based on measurement of body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio, and body fat percentage. However, these measurements do not account for the ...

journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science

authors： Zhang YP,Zhang YY,Duan DD

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Amyloids are nanoscopic ordered self-assemblies of misfolded proteins that are formed via aggregation of partially unfolded or intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and are commonly linked to devastating human diseases. An enlarging body of recent research has demonstrated that certain amyloids can be beneficial an...

journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science

authors： Avni A,Swasthi HM,Majumdar A,Mukhopadhyay S

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The etiology of obesity is multifactorial, involving complex interactions among the genetic makeup, neuroendocrine status, fetal programming, and different unhealthy environmental factors, such as sedentarism or inadequate dietary habits. Among the different mechanisms causing obesity, epigenetics, defined as the stud...

journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science

authors： Campión J,Milagro F,Martínez JA

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Telomeres are long nucleotide repeats and protein complexes at the ends of chromosomes that are essential for maintaining chromosomal stability. They shorten with each cell division, and therefore, telomere length is a marker for cellular aging and senescence. Epidemiological research of telomeres investigates the rol...

journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science

authors： Bodelon C,Savage SA,Gadalla SM

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The innate immune system senses microbial infections using pattern-recognition receptors and signals to activate adaptive immunity. Type I transmembrane protein Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play important roles in antimicrobial immune responses. Upon the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, TLRs homo- ...

journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science

authors： Matsumoto M,Funami K,Oshiumi H,Seya T

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Antidepressant drugs remain poorly understood, especially with respect to pharmacological mechanisms of action. This lack of knowledge results from the extreme complexity inherent to psychopharmacology, as well as to a corresponding lack of knowledge regarding depressive disorder pathophysiology. While the final analy...

journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science

authors： Cottingham C,Ferryman CJ,Wang Q

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cadherin-based cell-cell adhesions are dynamic structures that mediate tissue organization and morphogenesis. They link cells together, mediate cell-cell recognition, and influence cell shape, motility, proliferation, and differentiation. At the cellular level, operation of classical cadherin adhesion systems is coord...

journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science

authors： Ratheesh A,Priya R,Yap AS

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Genomic imprinting is the phenomenon where the expression of a locus differs between the maternally and paternally inherited alleles. Typically, this manifests as transcriptional silencing of one of the alleles, although many genes are imprinted in a tissue- or isoform-specific manner. Diseases associated with imprint...

journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science

authors： Wilkins JF,Úbeda F

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:As obligate parasites of cellular processes, viruses must take over cellular macromolecular machinery. It is also becoming clear that viruses routinely control intracellular signaling pathways through the direct or indirect control of kinases and phosphatases. This control of cellular phosphoproteins is important to p...

journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science

authors： Dunn EF,Connor JH

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In today's world of genomics and large computational analyses, rapid progress has been made in identifying genes associated with human retinal diseases. Nevertheless, before significant advances toward effective therapeutic intervention is made, a clearer understanding of the molecular and cellular role of these gene ...

journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science

authors： Cook T,Zelhof A,Mishra M,Nie J

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Skeletal muscle and white adipose tissue are the largest organs in the human body and both tissues act as endocrine organs capable of secreting many bioactive molecules. There has been some confusion about nomenclature and we suggest that the name myokine should be restricted to a protein or molecule secreted from myo...

journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science

authors： Görgens SW,Eckardt K,Jensen J,Drevon CA,Eckel J

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Immunoproteasomes contain replacements for the three catalytic subunits of standard proteasomes. In most cells, oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines are stimuli that lead to elevated production of immunoproteasomes. Immune system cells, especially antigen-presenting cells, express a higher basal level of imm...

journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science

authors： Ferrington DA,Gregerson DS

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ndsts (N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferases) are enzymes responsible for N-sulfation during heparan sulfate (HS) and heparin biosynthesis. In this review, basic features of the Ndst1 enzyme are covered and a brief description of HS biosynthesis and its regulation is presented. Effects of Ndst1 deficiency on embryonic dev...

journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science

authors： Ringvall M,Kjellén L

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Experimental data accumulated during the last 10 years strongly support the existence and functional significance of oligomerization of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). In this essay, we discuss the unique biochemical properties of GPCR oligomers in the frame of "allosterism" and how these properties can be used t...

journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science

authors： Ferré S,Ciruela F,Casadó V,Pardo L

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Workers experience large interindividual variability in exposure and biological response following exposure to chemicals. Quantitative methods to investigate occupational exposures and their relationship with biomarker levels, toxicokinetics of chemicals, and gene-environment interactions in disease development can be...

journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science

authors： Flack S,Nylander-French LA

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The hammerhead ribozyme has long been considered a prototype for understanding RNA catalysis, but discrepancies between the earlier crystal structures of a minimal hammerhead self-cleaving motif and various biochemical investigations frustrated attempt to understand hammerhead ribozyme catalysis in terms of structure....

journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science

authors： Scott WG,Horan LH,Martick M

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Viruses have evolved to exploit the vast complexity of cellular processes for their success within the host cell. The entry mechanisms of enveloped viruses (viruses with a surrounding outer lipid bilayer membrane) are usually classified as being either endocytotic or fusogenic. Different mechanisms have been proposed ...

journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science

authors： Vancini R,Hernandez R,Brown D

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:With a dismal 5-year survival rate of only 8%, pancreatic cancer still remains a very lethal disease. As with most cancers, pancreatic cancer is treated with different combinations of chemotherapeutic drugs which result in side effects and potential drug resistance leading in many cases to the unfortunate demise of th...

journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science

authors： Baines AT,Martin PM,Rorie CJ

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:High blood pressure (BP) is a complex trait determined by both genetic and environmental factors, as well as the interactions between these factors. Over the past few decades, there has been substantial progress in elucidating the genetic determinants underlying the BP response to sodium intake, or BP salt sensitivity...

journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science

authors： Kelly TN,He J

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A substantive volume of research on autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has emerged in recent years adding to our understanding of the etiopathological process. Preclinical models in mice and rats have been highly instrumental in modeling and dissecting the contributions of a multitude of known genetic and environmental ri...

journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science

authors： Pietropaolo S,Bellocchio L,Bouzón-Arnáiz I,Yee BK

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00