Abstract：
:Viruses have evolved to exploit the vast complexity of cellular processes for their success within the host cell. The entry mechanisms of enveloped viruses (viruses with a surrounding outer lipid bilayer membrane) are usually classified as being either endocytotic or fusogenic. Different mechanisms have been proposed for Alphavirus entry and genome delivery. Indirect observations led to a general belief that enveloped viruses can infect cells either by protein-assisted fusion with the plasma membrane in a pH-independent manner or by endocytosis and fusion with the endocytic vacuole in a low-pH environment. The mechanism of Alphavirus penetration has been recently revisited using direct observation of the processes by electron microscopy under conditions of different temperatures and time progression. Under conditions nonpermissive for endocytosis or any vesicular transport, events occur which allow the entry of the virus genome into the cells. When drug inhibitors of cellular functions are used to prevent entry, only ionophores are found to significantly inhibit RNA delivery. Arboviruses are agents of significant human and animal disease; therefore, strategies to control infections are needed and include development of compounds which will block critical steps in the early infection events. It appears that current evidence points to an entry mechanism, in which alphaviruses infect cells by direct penetration of cell plasma membranes through a pore structure formed by virus and, possibly, host proteins.
journal_name
Prog Mol Biol Transl Scijournal_title
Progress in molecular biology and translational scienceauthors
Vancini R,Hernandez R,Brown Ddoi
10.1016/bs.pmbts.2014.10.002subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-01-01 00:00:00pages
33-62eissn
1877-1173issn
1878-0814pii
S1877-1173(14)00003-9journal_volume
129pub_type
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更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science
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更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
