Abstract：
:Single-molecule approaches permit an unrivalled view of how complex systems operate and have recently been used to understand DNA-protein interactions. These tools have enabled advances in a particularly challenging problem, the search for damaged sites on DNA. DNA repair proteins are present at the level of just a few hundred copies in bacterial cells to just a few thousand in human cells, and they scan the entire genome in search of their specific substrates. How do these proteins achieve this herculean task when their targets may differ from undamaged DNA by only a single hydrogen bond? Here we examine, using single-molecule approaches, how the prokaryotic nucleotide excision repair system balances the necessity for speed against specificity. We discuss issues at a theoretical, biological, and technical level and finally pose questions for future research.
journal_name
Prog Mol Biol Transl Scijournal_title
Progress in molecular biology and translational scienceauthors
Kad NM,Van Houten Bdoi
10.1016/B978-0-12-387665-2.00001-8subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-01-01 00:00:00pages
1-24eissn
1877-1173issn
1878-0814pii
B978-0-12-387665-2.00001-8journal_volume
110pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Among the most sensitive, specific and practical of methods for detecting prions are the real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) assays. These assays exploit the fundamental self-propagating activity of prions to amplify the presence of prion seeds by as much as a trillion-fold. The reactions can detect most of...
journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.06.003
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The cellular recycling process of macroautophagy, which is the mechanism by which cellular material is delivered to lysosomes via double membraned vesicles called autophagosomes, is intimately connected to programmed cell death pathways, especially apoptosis. In this article, I discuss some underlying mechanisms and t...
journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.04.023
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neuroinflammation is thought to play a key role in the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Positron emission tomography (PET) is an in vivo imaging technique capable of studying the biochemical processes which provide the molecular basis of disease. PET imaging of neu...
journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.04.005
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In eukaryotes, methylation of nucleosomal histones and other nuclear proteins is a central aspect of chromatin structure and dynamics. The past 15 years have seen an enormous advance in our understanding of the biochemistry of these modifications, and of their role in establishing the epigenetic code. We provide a syn...
journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/B978-0-12-387685-0.00004-4
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The hammerhead ribozyme has long been considered a prototype for understanding RNA catalysis, but discrepancies between the earlier crystal structures of a minimal hammerhead self-cleaving motif and various biochemical investigations frustrated attempt to understand hammerhead ribozyme catalysis in terms of structure....
journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/B978-0-12-381286-5.00001-9
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Viruses have evolved to exploit the vast complexity of cellular processes for their success within the host cell. The entry mechanisms of enveloped viruses (viruses with a surrounding outer lipid bilayer membrane) are usually classified as being either endocytotic or fusogenic. Different mechanisms have been proposed ...
journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/bs.pmbts.2014.10.002
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:DNA methylation has been an important area of research in the study of molecular mechanism to psychiatric disorders. Recent evidence has suggested that abnormalities in global methylation, methylation of genes, and pathways could play a role in the etiology of many forms of mental illness. In this article, we review t...
journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/bs.pmbts.2018.01.006
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Normal pregnancy is associated with marked hemodynamic and uterine changes that allow adequate uteroplacental blood flow and uterine expansion for the growing fetus. These pregnancy-associated changes involve significant uteroplacental and vascular remodeling. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are important regulators ...
journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.04.001
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that have emerged in recent years as central regulators of eukaryotic gene expression. In mammalian systems, miRNAs are associated with numerous pathological and physiological pathways. miRNAs are important in many viral infections, with different viral families ex...
journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/B978-0-12-415795-8.00002-7
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The cardiorenal metabolic syndrome (CRS) consists of a constellation of cardiac, renal, and metabolic disorders including insulin resistance (IR), obesity, metabolic dyslipidemia, high-blood pressure, and evidence of early cardiac and renal disease. Mitochondria dysfunction often occurs in the CRS, and this dysfunctio...
journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/B978-0-12-394625-6.00009-X
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The muscular dystrophies (MDs) represent a diverse collection of inherited human disorders, which affect to varying degrees skeletal, cardiac, and sometimes smooth muscle (Emery, 2002). To date, more than 50 different genes have been implicated as causing one or more types of MD (Bansal et al., 2003). In many cases, i...
journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/B978-0-12-394596-9.00004-4
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Growing evidence suggests that imbalances in resident microbes (dysbiosis) can promote chronic inflammation, immune-subversion, and production of carcinogenic metabolites, thus leading to neoplasia. Yet, evidence to support a direct link of individual bacteria species to human sporadic cancer is still limited. This ch...
journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.02.004
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The control of immune responses against self and nonharmful environmental antigens is of critical importance to the immune homeostasis. Regulatory T (Treg) cells are the key players of such immune regulation and their deficiency and dysfunction are associated with various immune disorders, such as autoimmunity and all...
journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.07.011
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The human placenta is a unique organ that performs the function of the majority of fetal organs across gestation. How the placenta communicates with maternal tissues to prepare them for pregnancy is not fully understood. Recently, it has been established that placental cells can communicate with maternal tissues to re...
journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/bs.pmbts.2016.12.006
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Accumulating evidence showed that the luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor (LHCGR) is an essential regulator of sexual development and reproduction from zebrafish to human. Activating and inactivating mutations of LHCGR gene have been identified from patients of different phenotypes. Familial male-limit...
journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/bs.pmbts.2018.09.007
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lipofuscin is highly fluorescent material, formed in several tissues but best studied in the eye. The accumulation of lipofuscin in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a hallmark of aging in the eye and has been implicated in various retinal degenerations, including age-related macular degeneration. The bis-retino...
journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.06.005
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Over the past two decades, new technologies enabling targeted modification of plant genomes have been developed. Among these are zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs) which are composed of engineered zinc-finger DNA-binding domains fused with a nuclease, generally the FokI nuclease. The zinc-finger domains are composed of a se...
journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.03.006
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The etiology of obesity is multifactorial, involving complex interactions among the genetic makeup, neuroendocrine status, fetal programming, and different unhealthy environmental factors, such as sedentarism or inadequate dietary habits. Among the different mechanisms causing obesity, epigenetics, defined as the stud...
journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/B978-0-12-375003-7.00011-X
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Protein misfolding and aggregation of amyloid proteins is the fundamental cause of more than 20 diseases. Molecular mechanisms of the self-assembly and the formation of the toxic aggregates are still elusive. Computer simulations have been intensively used to study the aggregation of amyloid peptides of various amino ...
journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.12.002
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Genomic imprinting is the phenomenon where the expression of a locus differs between the maternally and paternally inherited alleles. Typically, this manifests as transcriptional silencing of one of the alleles, although many genes are imprinted in a tissue- or isoform-specific manner. Diseases associated with imprint...
journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/B978-0-12-387685-0.00013-5
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The failure of neuropathic pain to abate even years after trauma suggests that adverse changes to synaptic function must exist in a chronic pathological state in nociceptive pathways. The chronicity of neuropathic pain therefore underscores the importance of understanding the contribution of dendritic spines--micron-s...
journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/bs.pmbts.2014.12.001
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Since the discovery of specialized T cells with regulatory function, harnessing the power of these cells to ameliorate autoimmunity has been a major goal. Here we collate the evidence that regulatory T cells (Treg) can inhibit Type 1 diabetes in animal models and humans. We discuss the anatomical sites and molecular m...
journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.08.004
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Glycated serum protein (GSP, measured as serum fructosamine concentration in μmol/L) is a product of glycation reaction between glucose and serum proteins in the blood circulation. GSP is used along with blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and glycated albumin as indicators of glycemic control for diabetic pat...
journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.01.007
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Telomeres are long nucleotide repeats and protein complexes at the ends of chromosomes that are essential for maintaining chromosomal stability. They shorten with each cell division, and therefore, telomere length is a marker for cellular aging and senescence. Epidemiological research of telomeres investigates the rol...
journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/B978-0-12-397898-1.00005-0
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Wnt family of secreted glycoproteins participates in a wide array of biological processes, including cellular differentiation, proliferation, survival, apoptosis, adhesion, angiogenesis, hypertrophy, and aging. The canonical Wnt signaling primarily utilizes β-catenin-mediated activation of transcription, while the...
journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/B978-0-12-398459-3.00007-1
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cell membrane-associated junctional complexes mediate cell-cell adhesion, intercellular interactions, and other fundamental processes required for proper embryo morphogenesis. Cadherins are calcium-dependent transmembrane proteins at the core of adherens junctions and are expressed in distinct spatiotemporal patterns ...
journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/B978-0-12-394311-8.00013-3
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:G protein-coupled receptors (or GPCRs) represent the largest family of membrane proteins in the human genome and are the target of approximately half of all therapeutic drugs. GPCRs contain a conserved structure of seven transmembrane domains. Their amino terminus is located extracellularly, whereas the carboxy termin...
journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/B978-0-12-386931-9.00008-8
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A wide range of neuroimmunological diseases, referred to as autoimmune neuropathies, affect the peripheral nervous systems (PNS). The PNS is structurally diverse with complex anatomical compartments enriched in many different myelin and neuronal glycolipids, notably gangliosides. Autoimmune neuropathies are a proporti...
journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.12.010
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Transition metals such as manganese are essential nutrients for both pathogen and host. Vertebrates exploit this necessity to combat invading microbes by restricting access to these critical nutrients, a defense known as nutritional immunity. During infection, the host uses several mechanisms to impose manganese limit...
journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/bs.pmbts.2016.05.002
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mechanotransduction, the conversion of a mechanical stimulus into an electrical signal, is a central mechanism to several physiological functions in mammals. It relies on the function of mechanosensitive ion channels (MSCs). Although the first single-channel recording from MSCs dates back to 30 years ago, the identity...
journal_title：Progress in molecular biology and translational science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/bs.pmbts.2014.11.011
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
