Abstract：
:Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is one of the most common organ-specific autoimmune diseases. Increasing evidence indicates that HT may be characterized by an imbalance in the helper T cell subsets Th1 and Th2. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) considers HT as a chronic exhaustion disease, leading to deficiency of qi. In TCM, qi indicates the functional power of the organs of the human body; hence TCM recommends focusing the treatment of HT so as to increase qi production. Ginseng is a well-known herbal medicine exhibiting a variety of efficacies, its main function-being to generate qi. Ginseng's principal active component is ginsenoside, and modern pharmacology has shown that ginsenoside demonstrates biphasic immunomodulatory effects that can be utilized for the treatment of immune disorders. Previous work demonstrated that ginsenoside has a therapeutic effect on HT, but its mechanism is unknown. Experimental autoimmune thyroiditis rats were produced in order to investigate whether ginsenoside can modulate Th1/Th2 imbalance, the direct objective being to examine modulation of IFN-γ and IL-4 by ELISA, and the gene and protein expression of T-bet and GATA-3 by real-time PCR and Western blot. IFN-γ levels were increased while IL-4 levels decreased in EAT rats; treatment with ginsenoside led to decreased peripheral blood IFN-γ levels, with low doses statistically significant. Ginsenoside produced a biphasic effect on IL-4, with low and moderate doses promoting and high doses inhibiting secretion. Both protein and mRNA levels of T-bet were markedly reduced, while GATA-3 was significantly increased by ginsenoside.
journal_name
Endocr Resjournal_title
Endocrine researchauthors
Chen J,Feng X,Huang Qdoi
10.3109/07435800.2015.1066800subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-01-01 00:00:00pages
28-33issue
1eissn
0743-5800issn
1532-4206journal_volume
41pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:A study was conducted to provide information on the characteristics of skeletal muscle glucocorticoid receptors and to determine the response of serum cortisol and thyroxine secretion to colostrum feeding in the neonatal calf. Twenty-four calves (12 males and 12 females) were obtained immediately postpartum and random...
journal_title：Endocrine research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/07435808809036341
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS/HYPOTHESIS:Glucose tolerance progressively declines with age, and there is a high prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the elderly people. Previous studies have reported the sex differences in risk for type 2 diabetes, especially in the elderly people, whereas reasons for these sex differences remain poorly understood...
journal_title：Endocrine research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3109/07435800.2015.1124437
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two CYP21 genes, the active CYP21 and the pseudogene, CYP21P, also pairs of duplicated genes including the XA, XB, XB-S; YA, YB; and ZA, ZB are arranged in tandem next to the serum complement C4 genes (C4A and C4B). In this report, we have analyzed the influence of some DNA sequences within the C4A/CYP21P region on th...
journal_title：Endocrine research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3109/07435809809032659
更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The secretory activity of the adrenal gland is mainly regulated by peptidergic hormones (ACTH, angiotensin II) and ions. However, there is now increasing evidence that local factors, including neuropeptides and neurotransmitters, can also participate in the control of adrenocortical cells. In particular, serotonin (5-...
journal_title：Endocrine research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3109/07435809809032670
更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The presence of vasoactive intestinal peptide and neuropeptide Y in thyroid nerves and their effects on thyroid blood flow are well known. However, the effects of these two neuropeptides on the various processes involved in thyroid hormone biosynthesis and release have not been fully explored. We have now tested these...
journal_title：Endocrine research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3109/07435809209026678
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There are two main regulatory sites of aldosterone biosynthesis, the early rate-limiting step by the P450scc and the final steps by the P450aldo. We have already demonstrated that, during gestation, activity and mRNA levels of P450aldo are increased. It has been shown that changes in sodium and potassium in the diet m...
journal_title：Endocrine research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3109/07435809809032648
更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have previously reported that the protein kinase C ligand 12-O-tetradecanoyphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) inhibited the angiotensin II (AII) stimulated CYP11B2 gene expression in the adrenocortical H295R cell line. Here we report that TPA increased the level of phospho-p44/42 MAPK but AII did not. The MEK1 inhibitor PD98...
journal_title：Endocrine research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1081/erc-200044048
更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency is the most frequent cause of congenital adrenal hyperplasia, an inherited inability to synthesize cortisol. Mutations causing this disorder have been characterized by hybridization analysis of patient DNA samples using cDNA and oligonucleotide probes, and by cloning and sequencing of...
journal_title：Endocrine research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/07435808909039099
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Adrenocortical steroidogenesis is regulated in addition to a central regulation via the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis by intra-adrenal mechanisms involving the adrenal medulla. We could previously show that adrenocortical steroidogenesis is stimulated by co-culturing bovine adrenocortical cells with medullary ch...
journal_title：Endocrine research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3109/07435800009048606
更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：UNLABELLED:Absract Purpose: Mutations in the TPO gene have been reported to cause congenital hypothyroidism (CH), and our aim in this study was to determine the genetic basis of congenital hypothyroidism in two affected children coming from a consanguineous family. METHODS:Since CH is usually inherited in autosomal re...
journal_title：Endocrine research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3109/07435800.2014.967354
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Y1 adrenocortical tumor cells possess amplified and overexpressed c-Ki-ras proto-oncogene, displaying chronic high levels of the c-Ki-Ras-GTP protein. Despite this oncogenic lesion, we previously reported that Y1 cells retain tight regulatory mechanisms of cell cycle control typified by the mitogenic response triggere...
journal_title：Endocrine research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1081/erc-200043600
更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There are striking similarities between Cushing's syndrome and the 'metabolic syndrome X' since both are characterised by hypertension, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, hyperlipidaemia, and central obesity. The possibility that cortisol contributes to the associations between multiple risk factors for cardiova...
journal_title：Endocrine research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1080/07435809609043765
更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We quantitated serial serum beta-hydroxybutyrate (beta-OHB) levels using the Ketosite method in 9 children with IDDM who were treated for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and compared them to urinary ketone measurements by dipstick. Persistent elevations of serum beta-OHB were seen in six patients when the urine became cle...
journal_title：Endocrine research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1081/erc-100107168
更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Antithyroid drugs such as propylthiouracil (PTU) and methimazole (MMI) are common medications in Chinese patients with hyperthyroidism and PTU-induced antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) positive vasculitis has been reported. The current cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the prevalence and the...
journal_title：Endocrine research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1081/erc-120037729
更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of the glucose transporters GLUT1 and GLUT3 in papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) and to elucidate their relationship with the BRAF V600E mutation and F-18 FDG uptake. MATERIALS AND METHODS:We retrospectively analyzed data of 52 PTC patients (41 women a...
journal_title：Endocrine research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3109/07435800.2015.1066803
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The question of whether ethanol's (ETOH's) known suppressive effect on serum luteinizing hormone (LH) could be mediated directly at the anterior pituitary level was addressed by examining the effects of ETOH in vitro on release of LH from cultured male rat pituitary cells. The impact of added ethanol concentrations ra...
journal_title：Endocrine research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3109/07435808909042748
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Basal serum concentrations of prolactin (PRL) and the elevation of serum PRL concentrations induced by the serotonergic agents, quipazine and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) were suppressed in rats treated acutely with dexamethasone. Acute dexamethasone treatment did not alter the stimulation of PRL release produced by th...
journal_title：Endocrine research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3109/07435808709023671
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Progesterone (P) given intramuscularly increases renal sodium excretion. We tested the in vitro capacity of P to bind to the human mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) with a reticulocyte lysate system and Ps transactivation potency in transfected CV-1 cells. Progesterone binds with higher affinity to the MR than aldostero...
journal_title：Endocrine research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1081/erc-120016824
更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The prostate gland of humans and other animals has the unique function of accumulating and secreting extraordinarily high levels of citrate. The prostate secretory epithelial cells synthesize citrate which, due to a limiting mitochondrial (m-) aconitase, accumulates rather than being oxidized. Thus citrate is essentia...
journal_title：Endocrine research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/07435800009040143
更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A 30-residue peptide corresponding to the amino acid sequence of steroidogenesis activator peptide (SAP) from rat Leydig tumor cells has been synthesized by the solid-phase method using Boc protection. SAP is the putative cycloheximide-sensitive, cAMP-regulated mediator of ACTH-stimulated conversion of cholesterol to ...
journal_title：Endocrine research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/07435809109027204
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Ca2(+)-ATPase of plasma membranes from a variety of tissues is subject to stimulation in vitro, and apparently in vivo, by physiological concentrations of iodothyronines regarded as biologically active in other bioassay systems. This calmodulin-dependent action of thyroid hormone is nongenomic, that is, directly o...
journal_title：Endocrine research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3109/07435808909036356
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The sexual dimorphism of life span and caloric restriction effects in numerous species suggest that estradiol (E2) is protective against oxidative damage. The only direct test of E2's protective effect in mice against in vivo oxidative stress to date may have been confounded by E2's direct chemical action as an antiox...
journal_title：Endocrine research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/07435800902913600
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An analysis of the glucocorticoid receptor population of skeletal muscle and liver from dystrophic and control mice was performed. These data demonstrate that the cytosol of muscles from dystrophic animals contain a significantly higher concentration of glucocorticoid receptors (approximately 100%) relative to the cyt...
journal_title：Endocrine research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/07435808409046761
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tumor-promoting phorbol esters are believed to affect cell functions by activating a Ca+2-and lipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C). 12-0-Tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) inhibits LH stimulation of progesterone (P) accumulation in rat granulosa cells. To determine the mechanisms by which TPA inhibits...
journal_title：Endocrine research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/07435808609035438
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several lines of evidence have suggested that the nuclear receptor Steroidogenic Factor-1 (SF-1 or Ad4BP) may be directly involved in the cAMP-dependent regulation of steroid hydroxylase genes in adrenocortical cells. In the bovine CYP17 gene, which encodes the cytochrome P450 17alpha-hydroxylase, an SF-1 site is pres...
journal_title：Endocrine research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3109/07435809809032638
更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Y1 cells derived from mouse tumor zona fasciculata cells (ZF) were used to assess the importance of extracellular (EC) calcium availability via voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCC) on steroidogenesis. The steroidogenic response to ACTH was investigated in the presence of blockers known to affect both calcium and ...
journal_title：Endocrine research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1080/07435809609043745
更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several factors including genetic and environmental play a role in the development of obesity and the metabolic syndrome. The transgenic mouse overexpressing 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11beta-HSD) develops visceral obesity. However, it remains unclear how a ubiquitously expressed 11beta-HSD1 enzyme affects a...
journal_title：Endocrine research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1081/erc-120026947
更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Thyroid dysfunction influences the levels of Von Willebrand factor (VWF:Ag). Plasma VWF:Ag levels in 35 hyperthyroid patients were significantly elevated, which had a positive correlation with both T3 (Triiodothyronine) and T4 (Thyroxine) levels. A follow-up study of seven hyperthyroid patients undergoing anti-thyroid...
journal_title：Endocrine research
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.3109/07435809309033019
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study was performed on 18 postmenopausal female volunteers in order to examine changes in sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), total cholesterol (TC) and serum triglyceride (TG) levels in a period of four months of moderate physical exercise. While SHBG decreased signi...
journal_title：Endocrine research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3109/07435809209111036
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) is a steroid product of the adrenal gland, which circulates in high concentrations, but whose functions are largely unknown. There is evidence for antiproliferative effects of DHEAS in neoplastic tissue. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of DHEAS on vascu...
journal_title：Endocrine research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1081/erc-200043956
更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00
