Abstract:
:Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are the macromolecules that transfer activated amino acids from aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases to the ribosome, where they are used for the mRNA guided synthesis of proteins. Transfer RNAs are ancient molecules, perhaps even predating the existence of the translation machinery. Albeit old, these molecules are tremendously conserved, a characteristic that is well illustrated by the fact that some bacterial tRNAs are efficient and specific substrates of eukaryotic aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and ribosomes. Considering their ancient origin and high structural conservation, it is not surprising that tRNAs have been hijacked during evolution for functions outside of translation. These roles beyond translation include synthetic, regulatory and information functions within the cell. Here we provide an overview of the non-canonical roles of tRNAs and their mimics in bacteria, and discuss some of the common themes that arise when comparing these different functions.
journal_name
Mol Microbioljournal_title
Molecular microbiologyauthors
Katz A,Elgamal S,Rajkovic A,Ibba Mdoi
10.1111/mmi.13419subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-08-01 00:00:00pages
545-58issue
4eissn
0950-382Xissn
1365-2958journal_volume
101pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Mycobacterium tuberculosis infects one-third of the world's population and causes two million deaths annually. The unusually low permeability of its cell wall contributes to the ability of M. tuberculosis to grow within host macrophages, a property required for pathogenesis of infection. Mycobacterium marinum is an es...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03667.x
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The transport of iron complexes through outer membrane transporters from Gram-negative bacteria is highly dependent on the TonB system. Together, the three components of the system, TonB, ExbB and ExbD, energize the transport of iron complexes through the outer membrane by utilizing the proton motive force across the ...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05957.x
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transcriptional regulation is the key to ensuring that proteins are expressed at the proper time and the proper amount. In Escherichia coli, the transcription factor cAMP receptor protein (CRP) is responsible for much of this regulation. Questions remain, however, regarding the regulation of CRP activity itself. Here,...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/mmi.13874
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The bacterial enhancer binding proteins (bEBP) are members of the AAA+ protein family and have a highly conserved 'DE' Walker B motif thought to be involved in the catalytic function of the protein with an active role in nucleotide hydrolysis. Based on detailed structural data, we analysed the functionality of the con...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05901.x
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacteria have obtained a variety of resistance mechanisms including toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems against bacteriophages (phages), whereas phages have also evolved to overcome bacterial anti-phage mechanisms. Dmd from T4 phage can suppress the toxicities of homologous toxins LsoA and RnlA from Escherichia coli, represe...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/mmi.13420
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The replication origin of the broad-host-range plasmid RK2, oriV, contains four DnaA boxes, which bind the DnaA protein isolated from Escherichia coli. Using a transformation assay, mutational analysis of these boxes showed a differential requirement for replication in different Gram-negative bacteria. DnaA boxes 3 an...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01491.x
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::ecs is a three-cistron operon of Bacillus subtilis, encoding proteins with similarity to the ATPase (EcsA) and hydrophobic components (EcsB) of ABC transporters. The ecsA26 point mutation was shown to cause a strong processing defect of a secreted alpha-amylase precursor (preAmyQ) and of three other exoproteins. North...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01194.x
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Biofilm formation in Bacillus subtilis requires the differentiation of a subpopulation of cells responsible for the production of the extracellular matrix that structures the biofilm. Differentiation of matrix-producing cells depends, among other factors, on the FloT and YqfA proteins. These proteins are present exclu...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2012.08205.x
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The fluidity and phase state of bacterial lipid bilayers commonly change in response to ambient environmental conditions to maintain the critical functions of the envelope as a semipermeable and selective boundary. A special, and intricate, set of alterations in membrane lipid metabolism is elicited by conditions caus...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.1998.00645.x
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::When they infect Escherichia coli cells, the filamentous phages IF1 and fd first interact with a pilus and then target TolA as their common receptor. They use the domains N2 and N1 of their gene-3-proteins (G3P) for these interactions but differ in the mechanism of infection. In G3P of phage IF1, N1 and N2 are indepen...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2011.07617.x
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In all eukaryotic organisms, messenger RNA (mRNA) is synthesized in the nucleus and then exported to the cytoplasm for translation. The export reaction requires the concerted action of a large number of protein components, including a set of shuttle proteins that can exit and re-enter the nucleus through the nuclear p...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2000.01765.x
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prior studies have shown that the catalase-deficient pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus) has a robust ability to resist oxidative stress that partially involves the transcriptional regulator PerR. However, the extent of the PerR regulon and the contribution of the members of this regulon to virulen...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2004.04370.x
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our understanding of how obligate intracellular pathogens co-opt eukaryotic cellular functions has been limited by their intractability to genetic manipulation and by the abundance of pathogen-specific genes with no known functional homologues. In this report we describe a gene expression system to characterize protei...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2006.05074.x
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The plasmid encoded LlaI R/M system from Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis consists of a bidomain methylase, with close evolutionary ties to type IIS methylases, and a trisubunit restriction complex. Both the methylase and restriction subunits are encoded on a polycistronic 6.9 kb operon. In this study, the 5' end of the...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.1998.00748.x
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Myxococcus xanthus is a Gram-negative bacterium capable of complex developmental processes involving vegetative swarming and fruiting body formation. Social (S-) gliding motility, one of the two motility systems used by M. xanthus, requires at least two cell surface structures: type IV pili (TFP) and extracellular pol...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07180.x
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A key component to the success of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as a pathogen is the ability to sense and adapt metabolically to the diverse range of conditions encountered in vivo, such as oxygen tension, environmental pH and nutrient availability. Although nitrogen is an essential nutrient for every organism, little is...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/mmi.13091
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The culturability of several actinobacteria is controlled by resuscitation-promoting factors (Rpfs). These are proteins containing a c. 70-residue domain that adopts a lysozyme-like fold. The invariant catalytic glutamate residue found in lysozyme and various bacterial lytic transglycosylases is also conserved in the ...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2005.04930.x
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The stable RNA promoters of Escherichia coli are exquisitely sensitive to variations in the superhelical density of DNA. Previously, we have shown that binding of the DNA architectural protein FIS at the upstream activating sequences (UASs) of stable RNA promoters prevents the transcription complexes from inactivation...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2004.04126.x
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The rfb (O antigen) gene cluster of group C2 Salmonella differs from that of group B in a central region of 12.4 kb: we report the sequencing of this region of strain M67 (group C2) and a subsequent comparison with the central region of strain LT2 (group B). We find a block of seven open reading frames unique to group...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1992.tb00859.x
更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Attaching and effacing (A/E) lesions and actin polymerization, the hallmark of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) and Citrobacter rodentium (CR) infections, are dependent on the effector Tir. Phosphorylation of Tir(EPEC/CR) Y474/1 leads to recruitment of Nck and neural Wiskott-A...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2009.06938.x
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous work demonstrated that selection for Escherichia coli mutants with low antibiotic resistance frequently resulted in co-selection of lon mutations and that lon(-) mutants evolved higher-level resistance faster than a lon(+) strain. Here we show that lon mutation causes a very low multidrug resistance by induci...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/mmi.12429
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The suf and isc operons of Escherichia coli have been implicated in Fe-S cluster assembly. However, it has been unclear why E. coli has two systems for Fe-S cluster biosynthesis. We have examined the regulatory characteristics and mutant phenotypes of both operons to discern if the two operons have redundant functions...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2004.04025.x
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cheA gene encodes two overlapping polypeptides with a common carboxyl terminus: CheAL and CheAS. CheAL plays a central role in the Escherichia coli chemotaxis signalling pathway by autophosphorylation and transferring the phosphate to both CheY and CheB. On the other hand, the physiological functions of CheAS rema...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.1996.393934.x
更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::pAM beta 1 is a low-copy-number, promiscuous plasmid from Gram-positive bacteria that replicates by a unidirectional theta-type mode. Its replication is initiated by an original mechanism, involving the positive rate-limiting RepE protein. Here we show that the pAM beta 1-encoded CopF protein is involved in negative r...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1994.tb02181.x
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Escherichia coli regulatory proteins, EnvZ and OmpR, are crucially involved in expression of the outer membrane proteins OmpF/OmpC in response to the medium osmolarity. The EnvZ protein is presumably a membrane-located osmotic sensor (or signal transducer), which exhibits both kinase and phosphatase activities spe...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1994.tb00438.x
更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::RepA, the initiator protein of plasmid P1, binds to multiple sites (iterons) in the origin. The binding normally requires participation of chaperones, DnaJ, DnaK and GrpE. When purified, RepA appears dimeric and is inactive in iteron binding. On reaction with chaperones, a species active in iteron binding is formed an...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.1997.5691920.x
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacterial cell shapes are manifestations of programs carried out by multi-protein machines that synthesize and remodel the resilient peptidoglycan (PG) mesh and other polymers surrounding cells. GpsB protein is conserved in low-GC Gram-positive bacteria and is not essential in rod-shaped Bacillus subtilis, where it pl...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/mmi.12408
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Erwinia chrysanthemi, a phytopathogenic bacterium, produces a protease inhibitor which is a low-molecular-weight, heat-stable protein. In addition to its action on the three E. chrysanthemi extracellular proteases A, B and C, it also strongly inhibits the 50 kD extracellular protease of Serratia marcescens. Its struct...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1989.tb00106.x
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Colletotrichum lagenarium and Magnaporthe grisea are plant pathogenic fungi that produce melanin during the appressorial differentiation stage of conidial germination and during the late stationary phase of mycelial growth. Here, we report the identification of genes for two unique transcription factors, CMR1 (Colleto...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2000.02181.x
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Linear plasmids and chromosomes of Streptomyces carry terminal proteins (TPs) covalently attached to the 5' ends of the DNA. Most known telomeres are conserved in primary sequence and in the potential secondary structures formed during replication. The TP that caps these telomeres is also highly conserved and its codi...
journal_title:Molecular microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05616.x
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00