Abstract:
:This year marks the 90th anniversary of the publication of Hans Horst Meyer's classic paper in which he proposed that the ability of a substance to produce narcosis or anesthesia is governed by its partition coefficient. In this article, Robert Lipnick describes the experiments carried out by Meyer and his colleagues which disproved the earlier theories that potency was determined by the presence of particular functional groups or their metabolites or by water or fat solubility, and which led to the formulation of the lipoid theory of narcosis.
journal_name
Trends Pharmacol Scijournal_title
Trends in pharmacological sciencesauthors
Lipnick RLdoi
10.1016/0165-6147(89)90025-4subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1989-07-01 00:00:00pages
265-9issue
7eissn
0165-6147issn
1873-3735pii
0165-6147(89)90025-4journal_volume
10pub_type
传,历史文章,杂志文章abstract::Thiol-based drugs are considered as mucolytics because they decrease the viscosity and mostly decrease the elasticity of bronchial secretions by reducing disulfide bonds in proteins. However, they can also act as antioxidant drugs directly through free sulfhydryl groups that serve as a source of reducing equivalents, ...
journal_title:Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tips.2019.04.015
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The imbalance theory proposes that arterial thrombosis is dependent on a ratio or balance between the cyclooxygenase (COX)-1-dependent generation of thromboxane in platelets and the COX-2-dependent generation of prostacyclin in the endothelium. Accordingly, by reducing endothelium-derived prostacyclin levels, selectiv...
journal_title:Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tips.2007.01.003
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Network and systems biology offer a novel way of approaching drug discovery by developing models that consider the global physiological environment of protein targets, and the effects of modifying them, without losing the key molecular details. Here we review some recent advances in network and systems biology applied...
journal_title:Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tips.2009.11.006
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Centrally acting drugs interfere with the function of central neurotransmitter systems. This often requires intact neuronal connections and is therefore best studied in vivo. Here, Gaetano Di Chiara describes the technique of brain dialysis, which permits direct in-vivo sampling of neurotransmitters and their metaboli...
journal_title:Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0165-6147(90)90197-g
更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Changes in the structure and function of the small airways (<2mm diameter) are now recognized to play a major role in airflow limitation in both chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and severe asthma. Increased thickness of the small airway wall causes lumenal narrowing, which can be further occluded by mucus ...
journal_title:Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tips.2008.04.003
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The GABAA receptor belongs, along with the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, the glycine receptor and the 5-HT3 receptor, to a family of homologous transmitter-gated ion channels mediating fast synaptic transmission. Many classes of drug interact with the GABAA receptor, which is the major inhibitory ion channel in th...
journal_title:Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0165-6147(97)01118-8
更新日期:1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Much regarding the engagement of the G(12) family of heterotrimeric G proteins (G(12) and G(13)) by agonist-activated receptors remains unclear. For example, the identity of receptors that couple unequivocally to G(12) and G(13) and how signals are allocated among these and other G proteins remain open questions. Part...
journal_title:Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tips.2005.01.007
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dimerization is fairly common in the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily. First attempts to rationalize this phenomenon gave rise to an idea that two receptors in a dimer could be necessary to bind a single molecule of G protein or arrestin. Although GPCRs, G proteins and arrestins were crystallized only in ...
journal_title:Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tips.2008.02.004
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are involved in almost every (patho)physiological process, which explains their importance as drug targets. GPCRs have long been regarded as on/off-switches, which is reflected by direct activation or blockade of these receptors through the majority of marketed GPCR drugs. In recent...
journal_title:Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tips.2014.10.002
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The current classification for 5-HT2 receptors accommodates three subtypes. In addition to the originally defined 5-HT2 receptor, sanctuary is now provided for the structurally related 5-HT1c receptor (now 5-HT2c) and at least one atypical 5-HT receptor subtype. The strong functional union of this family is reflected ...
journal_title:Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0165-6147(00)88991-9
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although an established regulator of many cellular functions, the phosphoinositide phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P2) appears to have evaded the attention of drug-discovery companies. An increasing number of reports have identified potential links between PtdIns(4,5)P2-mediated signalling pathways...
journal_title:Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tips.2005.10.004
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are dynamically regulated by various mechanisms that tune their response to external stimuli. Modulation of their plasma membrane density, via trafficking between subcellular compartments, constitutes an important process in this context. Substantial information has been accumulated...
journal_title:Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tips.2008.07.009
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)(2C) receptor has received considerable attention as a target for treating drug addiction. 5-HT(2C)-receptor agonism, however, also induces side-effects. In this article, we review recent findings regarding the involvement of 5-HT(2C) receptors in behaviours related to drug addiction in a...
journal_title:Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tips.2006.07.003
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a pulmonary inflammatory disease that is caused by cigarette smoke. The main characteristic of COPD is the continued inflammation caused by the sustained influx of macrophages and neutrophils into the lung. Recent studies have shed light on how these cells are attracted ...
journal_title:Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tips.2006.09.003
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Heat shock proteins (HSPs) constitute a large family of proteins involved in protein folding and maturation whose expression is induced by heat shock or other stressors. The major groups are classified based on their molecular weights and include HSP27, HSP40, HSP60, HSP70, HSP90, and large HSPs. HSPs play a significa...
journal_title:Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tips.2016.11.009
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Humans are exposed to mixtures of chemicals, rather than to individual chemicals. From a public health point of view, it is most relevant to answer the question of whether or not the components in a mixture interact in a way that results in an increase in their overall effect compared with the sum of the effects of th...
journal_title:Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0165-6147(00)01720-x
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recruitment of leukocytes either during development or to the site of injury is crucial. The molecular regulation of cell trafficking is complex but well orchestrated by the temporal and spatial expression of a multitude of chemokines (chemoattractant cytokines) and chemokine receptors. The chemokines, classified prim...
journal_title:Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0165-6147(99)01342-5
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The hippocampus is a crucial player across several learning and memory domains, and is highly vulnerable to alterations during aging. Several products of neurotransmitter genes and neuromodulator genes (which play important parts in mediating and maintaining cognitive ability as a function of age) are expressed in hip...
journal_title:Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tips.2010.10.002
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::An unlikely animal model is gaining popularity in neuropharmacological research: the 2-mm fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster). Drugs have been administered to adult flies in their food and, more recently, via gasses and injections. Pharmacological tools have introduced behavioral alterations in Drosophila reminiscent ...
journal_title:Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0165-6147(02)00004-4
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::From the deep part of the main ligand-binding crevice, a minor, often shallower pocket extends between the extracellular ends of transmembrane domains (TM)-I, II, III and VII of 7TM receptors. This minor binding pocket is defined by a highly conserved kink in TM-II that is induced by a proline residue located in one o...
journal_title:Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tips.2010.08.006
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Controversy over the meaning of pharmacological parameters often arises because of a lack of appreciation of different hierarchical levels of analysis. In a recent letter in Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, Zhang and Kavana [1] concluded that my two-state model for allosterism lacks cooperativity, even though Figur...
journal_title:Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type: 评论,信件
doi:10.1016/j.tips.2016.06.001
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Approximately 27 million people are living with a tumour in which the tumour suppressing activity of p53 has been inactivated. In half of these tumours, p53 itself is not mutated but the pathway is partially abrogated. Mechanisms include the overexpression of negative regulators of p53, such as MDM2 and MDM4, and dele...
journal_title:Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tips.2010.11.004
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been considered for treatment and prevention of Alzheimer's disease (AD) for more than two decades. Biochemical markers in the brains of individuals with AD suggest that inflammation might be a driving cause of the disease that can be suppressed by drug treatment. In...
journal_title:Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tips.2007.09.004
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Schizophrenia is a grave psychiatric disorder with psychotic symptoms and an enigmatic etiology. Family studies have strongly indicated that genetic risk factors have a role in this disease. Recent findings, together with previously established evidence, highlight the PDZ-domain-containing protein interacting with C-k...
journal_title:Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tips.2006.09.007
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developed nations. Therapeutic modulation of dyslipidemia by inhibiting 3'-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase is standard practice throughout the world. However, based on findings from Mendelian ...
journal_title:Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tips.2018.06.001
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been hypothesized that anxiety disorders play an important role in the initiation and maintenance of alcohol drinking behaviors. However, the molecular mechanisms for the association between anxiety and alcohol abuse are not well understood. Structures of the extended amygdala, particularly the central nucleus ...
journal_title:Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0165-6147(03)00226-8
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pharmacology as a modern science was introduced in China approximately 150 years ago, and has been used since then to study traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Pharmacology has experienced its own development over this time and continues to provide new tools for the study of TCM. In the present review, three models fo...
journal_title:Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tips.2013.09.004
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Annexin A1 (ANXA1) is an endogenous protein known to have potent anti-inflammatory properties in the peripheral system. It has also been detected in the brain, but its function there is still ambiguous. In this review, we have, for the first time, collated the evidence currently available on the function of ANXA1 in t...
journal_title:Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tips.2007.12.003
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Successful biologics must satisfy multiple properties including activity and particular physicochemical features that are globally defined as developability. These multiple properties must be simultaneously optimized in a very broad design space of protein sequences and buffer compositions. In this context, artificial...
journal_title:Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tips.2020.12.004
更新日期:2021-01-23 00:00:00
abstract::Inter-organelle signaling plays important roles in many physiological functions. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondrion signaling affects intramitochondrial calcium (Ca(2+)) homeostasis and cellular bioenergetics. ER-nucleus signaling attenuates ER stress. ER-plasma membrane signaling regulates cytosolic Ca(2+) home...
journal_title:Trends in pharmacological sciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tips.2010.08.007
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00