Abstract:
:Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a common cause of acute viral hepatitis worldwide. Most HEV infections are asymptomatic, but immunocompromised patients infected with HEV genotype 3 (HEV3), HEV4, or HEV7 may develop chronic infections. The HEV particles in stools are naked (nHEV), while those in the serum and culture supernatants (eHEV) are associated with lipids. Hepatocytes are polarized epithelial cells that have basolateral (oriented toward the blood) and apical (oriented toward the bile) exosomal pathways. We isolated a subclone, F2, from the human hepatocarcinoma cell line HepG2/C3A that grew as a polarized monolayer culture and had better HEV production than HepG2/C3A cells. F2 cells cultured on semipermeable collagen inserts and infected basolaterally with nHEV3 released 94.6% of virus particles apically, those infected with eHEV3 released 96.8% apically, and eHEV1-infected cells released 99.3% apically. Transcytosis was not involved. Density gradient centrifugation and NP-40 treatment showed that HEV particles released both apically and basolaterally were lipid associated. The apically released HEV3 and HEV1 particles were six and nine times more infectious than those released basolaterally, respectively. Confocal microscopy indicated that the open reading frame 2 (ORF2) capsid protein colocalized apically with ORF3 virus protein, the apical marker DPP4, and the recycling endosome GTPase Rab27a. The amounts of soluble glycosylated ORF2 secreted apically and basolaterally were similar. These polarized-hepatocyte data suggest that infectious HEV particles are mainly released into bile, while the small fraction released into blood could spread HEV throughout the host.IMPORTANCE Hepatitis E virus (HEV) in stools is naked, while that in culture supernatants and patients' blood is lipid associated. Its life cycle in hepatocytes, polarized cells with a basolateral side communicating with blood and an apical side connected with bile, is incompletely understood. We have developed a polarized hepatocyte model and used the cells to analyze the supernatants bathing the apical and basolateral sides and HEV subcellular distribution. HEV particles from both sides were lipid associated, and most infectious HEV particles left the cell via its apical side. Similar amounts of the open reading frame 2 (ORF2) soluble capsid protein were secreted from both sides of the hepatocytes. This model mimicking physiological conditions should help clarify the HEV cell cycle in polarized hepatocytes.
journal_name
J Viroljournal_title
Journal of virologyauthors
Capelli N,Marion O,Dubois M,Allart S,Bertrand-Michel J,Lhomme S,Abravanel F,Izopet J,Chapuy-Regaud Sdoi
10.1128/JVI.01207-18subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-02-05 00:00:00issue
4eissn
0022-538Xissn
1098-5514pii
JVI.01207-18journal_volume
93pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The mechanism by which herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) establishes latency in sensory neurons is largely unknown. Recent studies indicate that epigenetic modifications of the chromatin associated with the latent genome may play a key role in the transcriptional control of lytic genes during latency. In this study, we f...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00686-09
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although hepatitis A virus (HAV) is typically transmitted by the fecal-oral route, little is known of its interactions with cells of the gastrointestinal tract. We studied the replication of HAV in polarized cultures of Caco-2 cells, a human cell line which retains many differentiated functions of small intestinal epi...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jvi.74.14.6476-6484.2000
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The initiation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcription occurs at a site in the viral RNA genome which is designated the primer-binding site (PBS). The HIV-1 PBS is an 18-nucleotide sequence that is complementary to the 3'-terminal 18 nucleotides of tRNA(3Lys), which is used as the primer f...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.69.10.6021-6029.1995
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A total of 51 restriction sites were recognized within the BK virus genome by the combination of 10 different restriction endonucleases. These sites were mapped and oriented relative to one another as well as to the five fragments generated by the digestion of BK virus DNA with HindIII and EcoRI. The result was a comp...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.29.3.915-925.1979
更新日期:1979-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::To assess the heterogeneity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) directed against viral epitopes, we studied six class I major histocompatibility complex-restricted (H-2Db) CTL clones that recognize the same 9-amino-acid immunodominant epitope, amino acids 278 to 286 from envelope glycoprotein 2 (GP2) of lymphocytic chor...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.63.5.1845-1851.1989
更新日期:1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) uses nasal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) as a portal of entry to establish life-long persistence in memory B cells. We previously showed that naïve and memory B cells from NALT are equally susceptible to EBV infection. Here we show that memory B cells from NALT are significantly mor...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.02675-09
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The initiation of RNA transcription by the virion-bound RNA transcriptase of vesicular stomatitis virus has been examined. Multiple initiation sequences have been observed, two of which have been characterized (pppApCpGp... and pppGpCp...) suggestive of a transcription process which can start at different sites along ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.11.4.487-501.1973
更新日期:1973-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inhibitors of hemagglutination by type A2 influenza virus and a recently isolated strain of type B influenza virus were separated by sucrose density gradient centrifugation and agarose gel filtration from horse serum. Using selected reagents, it was demonstrated that the active substituent on the horse serum inhibitor...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.3.5.477-483.1969
更新日期:1969-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The immune response to viral glycoproteins is often directed against conformation- and/or glycosylation-dependent structures; synthetic peptides and bacterially expressed proteins are inadequate probes for the mapping of such epitopes. This report describes a retroviral vector system that presents such native epitopes...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.68.1.400-410.1994
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Both exponentially growing and serum-arrested subcloned CV-1 cell cultures were infected with simian virus 40 (SV40). By 24 h after infection 96% of the nuclei of these permissive cells contained SV40 T-antigen. Analysis of the average DNA content per cell at various times after infection indicated that by 24 h most o...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.30.1.76-83.1979
更新日期:1979-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 are the primary fusion coreceptors utilized for CD4-mediated entry by macrophage (M)- and T-cell line (T)-tropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strains, respectively. Here we demonstrate that HIV-1 Tat protein, a potent viral transactivator shown to be released as a solu...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.72.11.8952-8960.1998
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transfection of an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded plasmid containing EBER caused a substantial decrease in the level of plasmid containing EBV in Akata and Mutu Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) lines, but failed to do so in other BL lines. The results suggest that EBER could replace the role of EBV, but other EBV products al...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.75.20.9977-9982.2001
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In latent infection, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) latency-associated nuclear antigen 1 (LANA1)-specific binding to KSHV terminal repeat DNA mediates multicopy episome persistence. We now use electrophoretic mobility shift assays to investigate LANA1 binding to its 20-bp cognate sequence. Mutations at...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.78.24.14033-14038.2004
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) genome sequences have been determined for isolates collected from recent field outbreaks in North Africa (Egypt) and the Middle East (Palestinian Autonomous Territories). These data represent the first examples of complete genomic sequences for the FMDV SAT 2 topotype VII, which...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01231-12
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is silent in most cells detectable in vivo, and the repression of its expression allows BLV to evade the host's immune response. In this study, we examined whether CpG methylation of DNA might be involved in the regulation of the expression of BLV in vivo. To investigate the effects of CpG ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jvi.77.7.4423-4430.2003
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The epithelium plays a key role in the spread of Lassa virus. Transmission from rodents to humans occurs mainly via inhalation or ingestion of droplets, dust, or food contaminated with rodent urine. Here, we investigated Lassa virus infection in cultured epithelial cells and subsequent release of progeny viruses. We s...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.02240-09
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) poorly replicate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) but efficiently transfer HIV-1 to adjacent CD4 T lymphocytes. We found that coculture with T lymphocytes downregulates SAMHD1 expression, enhances HIV-1 replication, and increases pDC maturation and alpha interferon (IFN-α)...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.01748-14
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although the etiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) is not known, several factors play a role in this disease: genetic contributions, immunologic elements, and environmental factors. Viruses and virus infections have been associated with the initiation and/or enhancement of exacerbations in MS. Theiler's murine encephalo...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.73.2.993-1000.1999
更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Resistance or susceptibility of various mouse strains to central nervous system disease caused by different strains of coronavirus is well known. Data from the present study draw attention to an additional, genetically determined mechanism controlling CV infections. The resistance to A59 and JHM virus (JHMV) associate...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.62.9.3371-3377.1988
更新日期:1988-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Apoptosis of virus-infected cells occurs either as a direct response to viral infection or upon recognition of infection by the host immune response. Apoptosis reduces production of new virus from these cells, and therefore viruses have evolved inhibitory mechanisms. We previously showed that laboratory strains of her...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.73.11.8950-8957.1999
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) infection is still one of the common causes of sexually transmitted diseases worldwide. The prevalence of HSV strains resistant to traditional nucleoside antiviral agents has led to the development of novel antiviral drugs. Human alpha-defensin 5 (HD5), a kind of endogenous antimicrobial...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.02209-12
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Here, we investigated the pre-steady-state deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) incorporation kinetics of primate foamy virus (PFV) reverse transcriptase (RT) in comparison with those of HIV-1 and MuLV RTs. PFV RT displayed a drastic reduction in primer extension at low dNTP concentrations where HIV-1 RT remains highly...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00088-08
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chinese hamster X mouse somatic cell hybrids were analyzed by Southern blot hybridization with a probe specific for the cellular c-fms proto-oncogene. Results demonstrate that Fms, the genetic locus containing this sequence, maps to mouse chromosome 18. Mouse Fms is thus not linked to the same set of genes involved in...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.62.3.1055-1056.1988
更新日期:1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The papillomavirus E2 gene product plays a pivotal role in viral replication. E2 has multiple functions, including (i) transcriptional activation and repression of viral promoters and (ii) the enhancement of viral DNA replication. It was previously reported that E2 suppressed the growth of papillomavirus-positive cerv...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jvi.74.8.3752-3760.2000
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) are closely similar with respect to genomic organization, host antiviral responses, and pathobiology of the infection. T-cell immunity against viral nucleocapsid (HBcAg or WHcAg) has been shown to play a critical role in viral clearance and protection against...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.75.19.9068-9076.2001
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Expression of the human ADA cDNA encoded by the Moloney murine leukemia virus spliced RNA form is enhanced by intron-contained sequences. The presence of sequences corresponding to the viral gag gene in a Moloney murine leukemia virus-based vector results in the generation of 10- to 40-fold higher titers of virus. ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.61.5.1647-1650.1987
更新日期:1987-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Recent evidence suggests that even in treated infections, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) replication may continue in lymph nodes (LN), serving as a potential virus reservoir. Here we investigated the effects of lentivirus infection on natural killer (NK) cell frequ...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00660-15
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inhibition of host-directed gene expression by the matrix (M) protein of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) effectively blocks host antiviral responses, promotes virus replication, and disables the host cell. However, dendritic cells (DC) have the capacity to resist these effects and remain functional during VSV infecti...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.00680-13
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A number of options are available to modify and improve DNA vaccines. An interesting approach to improve DNA vaccines is to fuse bioactive domains, like cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), to an antigen. Such fusion antigens are expressed in vivo and directed to immune cells by the specific bioactive...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.79.10.6368-6376.2005
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) is a lentivirus with in vivo cell tropism primarily for tissue macrophages; however, in vitro the virus can be adapted to fibroblasts and other cell types. Tropism adaptation is associated with both envelope and long terminal repeat (LTR) changes, and findings strongly suggest tha...
journal_title:Journal of virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JVI.79.9.5653-5664.2005
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00