Herpes simplex virus inhibits apoptosis through the action of two genes, Us5 and Us3.

Abstract:

:Apoptosis of virus-infected cells occurs either as a direct response to viral infection or upon recognition of infection by the host immune response. Apoptosis reduces production of new virus from these cells, and therefore viruses have evolved inhibitory mechanisms. We previously showed that laboratory strains of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) protect infected cells from apoptosis induced by cytotoxic T lymphocytes or ethanol. We have now evaluated the ability of HSV-1 and HSV-2 laboratory and clinical isolates to inhibit apoptosis induced by anti-Fas antibody or UV irradiation and explored the genetic basis for this inhibition. HSV-1 isolates inhibited apoptosis induced by UV or anti-Fas antibody. In contrast, HSV-2 clinical isolates failed to inhibit apoptosis induced by either stimulus, although the HSV-2 laboratory strain 333 had a partial inhibitory effect on UV-induced apoptosis. Inhibition of apoptosis by HSV was accompanied by marked reduction of caspase-3 and caspase-8 activity. Deletion of the HSV-1 Us3 gene markedly reduced inhibition of UV-induced apoptosis and partially abrogated inhibition of Fas-mediated apoptosis. Conversely, deletion of the HSV-1 Us5 gene markedly reduced protection from Fas-mediated apoptosis and partially abrogated protection from UV. The Us11 and Us12 genes were not necessary for protection from apoptosis induced by either stimulus. The differences between HSV-1 and HSV-2 in the ability to inhibit apoptosis may be factors in the immunobiology of HSV infections.

journal_name

J Virol

journal_title

Journal of virology

authors

Jerome KR,Fox R,Chen Z,Sears AE,Lee Hy,Corey L

doi

10.1128/JVI.73.11.8950-8957.1999

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

1999-11-01 00:00:00

pages

8950-7

issue

11

eissn

0022-538X

issn

1098-5514

journal_volume

73

pub_type

杂志文章
  • Binding and relocalization of protein kinase R by murine cytomegalovirus.

    abstract::Many viruses have evolved mechanisms to evade the repression of translation mediated by protein kinase R (PKR). In the case of murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV), the protein products of two essential genes, m142 and m143, bind to double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and block phosphorylation of PKR and eukaryotic initiation factor...

    journal_title:Journal of virology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/JVI.01484-08

    authors: Child SJ,Geballe AP

    更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00

  • Phosphorylation of NS protein by vesicular stomatitis virus nucleocapsids: lack of effect during RNA synthesis and separation of kinase from L protein.

    abstract::The relationship between NS protein phosphorylation and RNA polymerase activities was determined in nucleocapsids purified from vesicular stomatitis virus grown in BHK cells. Phosphate incorporation into endogenous NS protein under transcription conditions reached a maximum value of 0.06 mol/mol of NS within 20 to 30 ...

    journal_title:Journal of virology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/JVI.64.7.3259-3264.1990

    authors: Massey DM,Deans N,Lenard J

    更新日期:1990-07-01 00:00:00

  • Efficient Interaction between Arenavirus Nucleoprotein (NP) and RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase (L) Is Mediated by the Virus Nucleocapsid (NP-RNA) Template.

    abstract::In this study, we document that efficient interaction between arenavirus nucleoprotein (NP) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (L protein), the two trans-acting viral factors required for both virus RNA replication and gene transcription, requires the presence of virus-specific RNA sequences located within the untransla...

    journal_title:Journal of virology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/JVI.00103-15

    authors: Iwasaki M,Ngo N,Cubitt B,de la Torre JC

    更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00

  • CD150 (SLAM) is a receptor for measles virus but is not involved in viral contact-mediated proliferation inhibition.

    abstract::Measles virus (MV) interacts with cellular receptors on the surface of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) which mediate virus binding and uptake. Simultaneously, the direct contact of the viral glycoproteins with the cell surface induces a negative signal blocking progression to the S phase of the cell cycle, resultin...

    journal_title:Journal of virology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/JVI.75.10.4499-4505.2001

    authors: Erlenhoefer C,Wurzer WJ,Löffler S,Schneider-Schaulies S,ter Meulen V,Schneider-Schaulies J

    更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00

  • Inverse relationship between constitutive gamma interferon production and human T-cell lymphoma/leukemia virus expression in cultured T lymphocytes.

    abstract::Particular interest in human T lymphocyte lymphoma/leukemia virus (HTLV) derives from the close association of HTLV with several types of human mature T lymphocyte malignancies and the strong possibility that HTLV is the causative agent of this group of leukemias and lymphomas. This is the first report to show that HT...

    journal_title:Journal of virology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/JVI.53.2.440-446.1985

    authors: Moore JL,Poiesz BJ,Zamkoff KW,Merl SA,Hanna S,Gazdar AF,Comis RL

    更新日期:1985-02-01 00:00:00

  • Modification of human papillomavirus minor capsid protein L2 by sumoylation.

    abstract::The human papillomavirus (HPV) minor capsid protein L2 plays important roles in the generation of infectious viral particles and in the initial steps of infection. Here we show that HPV-16 L2 protein is sumoylated at lysine 35 and that sumoylation affects its stability. Interestingly, the sumoylated form of L2 cannot ...

    journal_title:Journal of virology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/JVI.01269-10

    authors: Marusic MB,Mencin N,Licen M,Banks L,Grm HS

    更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00

  • Dexamethasone stimulates expression of transposable type A intracisternal retroviruslike genes in mouse (Mus musculus) cells.

    abstract::Dexamethasone treatment enhances expression of transposable intracisternal type A particles (IAP) at RNA and proteins levels in a murine retrovirus-transformed cell line (Ki-BALB). This effect was ascertained by electron microscopic numeration of IAP. By sequence comparison, we located glucocorticoid-responsive elemen...

    journal_title:Journal of virology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/JVI.62.10.3867-3869.1988

    authors: Emanoil-Ravier R,Mercier G,Canivet M,Garcette M,Lasneret J,Peronnet F,Best-Belpomme M,Peries J

    更新日期:1988-10-01 00:00:00

  • Monoclonal antibodies to distinct sites on herpes simplex virus (HSV) glycoprotein D block HSV binding to HVEM.

    abstract::HVEM (for herpesvirus entry mediator) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily and mediates entry of many strains of herpes simplex virus (HSV) into normally nonpermissive Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. We used sucrose density centrifugation to demonstrate that purified HSV-1 KOS virions bind ...

    journal_title:Journal of virology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/JVI.72.5.3595-3601.1998

    authors: Nicola AV,Ponce de Leon M,Xu R,Hou W,Whitbeck JC,Krummenacher C,Montgomery RI,Spear PG,Eisenberg RJ,Cohen GH

    更新日期:1998-05-01 00:00:00

  • Increased rate of RNA synthesis: early reaction of primary mouse kidney cells to infection with polyoma virus of simian virus 40.

    abstract::The rate of transcription in isolated nuclei of primary mouse kidney cells increases by a factor of about 1.5 between 5 and 8 h after infection with polyoma virus or simian virus 40. This process requires intact virus and is inhibited by cycloheximide and actinomycin D. It appears to involve the activity of all three ...

    journal_title:Journal of virology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/JVI.35.1.8-19.1980

    authors: Pöckl E,Wintersberger E

    更新日期:1980-07-01 00:00:00

  • In vitro infection of human hepatoma (HepG2) cells with hepatitis B virus.

    abstract::An in vitro system for production of hepatitis B virus (HBV) was established by infection of human hepatoma (HepG2) cells. HBV particles obtained from the serum of a chronic hepatitis B surface antigen (subtype ad) carrier were used to inoculate HepG2 cells. HBV envelope and core proteins were synthesized de novo by t...

    journal_title:Journal of virology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/JVI.64.6.3025-3032.1990

    authors: Bchini R,Capel F,Dauguet C,Dubanchet S,Petit MA

    更新日期:1990-06-01 00:00:00

  • Functional role of the cytoplasmic tail domain of the major envelope fusion protein of group II baculoviruses.

    abstract::F proteins from baculovirus nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) group II members are the major budded virus (BV) viral envelope fusion proteins. They undergo furin-like proteolysis processing in order to be functional. F proteins from different baculovirus species have a long cytoplasmic tail domain (CTD), ranging from 48 (Spo...

    journal_title:Journal of virology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/JVI.01178-06

    authors: Long G,Pan X,Westenberg M,Vlak JM

    更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00

  • VP2 cleavage and the leucine ring at the base of the fivefold cylinder control pH-dependent externalization of both the VP1 N terminus and the genome of minute virus of mice.

    abstract::Cylindrical projections surrounding the fivefold-symmetry axes in minute virus of mice (MVM) harbor central pores that penetrate through the virion shell. In newly released DNA-containing particles, these pores contain residues 28 to 38 belonging to a single copy of VP2, disposed so that its extreme N-terminal domain ...

    journal_title:Journal of virology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/JVI.80.1.161-171.2006

    authors: Farr GA,Cotmore SF,Tattersall P

    更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00

  • Matrix proteins of Nipah and Hendra viruses interact with beta subunits of AP-3 complexes.

    abstract:UNLABELLED:Paramyxoviruses and other negative-strand RNA viruses encode matrix proteins that coordinate the virus assembly process. The matrix proteins link the viral glycoproteins and the viral ribonucleoproteins at virus assembly sites and often recruit host machinery that facilitates the budding process. Using a co-...

    journal_title:Journal of virology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/JVI.02103-14

    authors: Sun W,McCrory TS,Khaw WY,Petzing S,Myers T,Schmitt AP

    更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00

  • Bone marrow depletion by 89Sr complements a preleukemic defect in a long terminal repeat variant of Moloney murine leukemia virus.

    abstract::We previously described a preleukemic state induced by Moloney murine leukemia virus (Mo-MuLV) characterized by hematopoietic hyperplasia in the spleen. Further experiments suggested that splenic hyperplasia results from inhibitory effects in the bone marrow, leading to compensatory extramedullary hematopoiesis. An en...

    journal_title:Journal of virology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/JVI.65.8.4442-4448.1991

    authors: Li QX,Fan H

    更新日期:1991-08-01 00:00:00

  • Coronavirus spike glycoprotein, extended at the carboxy terminus with green fluorescent protein, is assembly competent.

    abstract::Due to the limited ultrastructural information about the coronavirion, little is known about the interactions acting at the interface between nucleocapsid and viral envelope. Knowing that subtle mutations in the carboxy-terminal endodomain of the M protein are already lethal, we have now probed the equivalent domain o...

    journal_title:Journal of virology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/JVI.78.14.7369-7378.2004

    authors: Bosch BJ,de Haan CA,Rottier PJ

    更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00

  • L protein requirement for in vitro RNA synthesis by vesicular stomatitis virus.

    abstract::The endogenous transcriptase present in purified vesicular stomatitis (VS) virions was solubilized with a Triton X-100 high-salt solution. The polymerase activity was purified on glycerol gradients and by phosphocellulose column chromatography; the viral proteins present in the active enzyme fractions were identified ...

    journal_title:Journal of virology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/JVI.12.6.1325-1335.1973

    authors: Emerson SU,Wagner RR

    更新日期:1973-12-01 00:00:00

  • Glycoproteins of measles virus under reducing and nonreducing conditions.

    abstract::Measles virus has two glycoproteins. The larger glycoprotein (HA) is composed of 76,000-dalton subunits that are bound by disulfide bonds. The smaller glycoprotein (F) appears to contain a glucosamine-rich portion that is linked to an unglycosylated protein by disulfide bonds. ...

    journal_title:Journal of virology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/JVI.25.2.687-692.1978

    authors: Hardwick JM,Bussell RH

    更新日期:1978-02-01 00:00:00

  • T-cell vaccination reduces simian immunodeficiency virus levels in semen.

    abstract::Recent findings suggest that most sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) occurs during the acute phase of infection when viral replication is most intense. Here, we show that vaccine-elicited cellular immune responses can significantly reduce simian immunodeficiency virus levels in the seme...

    journal_title:Journal of virology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/JVI.01202-09

    authors: Whitney JB,Luedemann C,Hraber P,Rao SS,Mascola JR,Nabel GJ,Letvin NL

    更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00

  • In vitro translation of the three bacteriophage phi 6 RNAs.

    abstract::In vitro translation of the three single-stranded RNAs transcribed in vitro by bacteriophage phi 6 RNA polymerase revealed that the large RNA codes for phage proteins P1, P2, P4, and P7, the medium RNA codes for P3, P6, and P10, and the smaller RNA for P5, P8, and P9. ...

    journal_title:Journal of virology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/JVI.35.1.249-251.1980

    authors: Cuppels DA,Van Etten JL,Burbank DE,Lane LC,Vidaver AK

    更新日期:1980-07-01 00:00:00

  • Japanese Encephalitis Virus NS5 Inhibits Type I Interferon (IFN) Production by Blocking the Nuclear Translocation of IFN Regulatory Factor 3 and NF-κB.

    abstract::The type I interferon (IFN) response is part of the first-line defense against viral infection. To initiate replication, viruses have developed powerful evasion strategies to counteract host IFN responses. In the present study, we found that the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) NS5 protein could inhibit double-strand...

    journal_title:Journal of virology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/JVI.00039-17

    authors: Ye J,Chen Z,Li Y,Zhao Z,He W,Zohaib A,Song Y,Deng C,Zhang B,Chen H,Cao S

    更新日期:2017-03-29 00:00:00

  • Interactions between E6, FAK, and GIT1 at paxillin LD4 are necessary for transformation by bovine papillomavirus 1 E6.

    abstract:UNLABELLED:Bovine papillomavirus 1 E6 interacts with two similar proteins that regulate cell attachment and cell migration called paxillin (PXN) and HIC-5 (also known as HIC5, ARA55, HIC-5, TSC-5, and TGFB1I1). Despite the similarity between HIC-5 and paxillin, paxillin is required for E6 to transform mouse embryo fibr...

    journal_title:Journal of virology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/JVI.00552-14

    authors: Brimer N,Wade R,Vande Pol S

    更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00

  • A chimeric Ty3/Moloney murine leukemia virus integrase protein is active in vivo.

    abstract::This report describes the results of experiments to determine whether chimeras between a retrovirus and portions of Ty3 are active in vivo. A chimera between Ty3 and a Neo(r)-marked Moloney murine leukemia virus (M-MuLV) was constructed. The C-terminal domain of M-MuLV integrase (IN) was replaced with the C-terminal d...

    journal_title:Journal of virology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/JVI.72.5.4297-4307.1998

    authors: Dildine SL,Respess J,Jolly D,Sandmeyer SB

    更新日期:1998-05-01 00:00:00

  • The Vpx lentiviral accessory protein targets SAMHD1 for degradation in the nucleus.

    abstract::Sterile alpha motif domain- and HD domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) is a deoxynucleoside triphosphohydrolase that restricts the replication of lentiviruses in myeloid cells by hydrolyzing the cellular deoxynucleotide triphosphates to a level below that which is required for reverse transcription. Human immunodefic...

    journal_title:Journal of virology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/JVI.01657-12

    authors: Hofmann H,Logue EC,Bloch N,Daddacha W,Polsky SB,Schultz ML,Kim B,Landau NR

    更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00

  • Simian immunodeficiency virus variants with differential T-cell and macrophage tropism use CCR5 and an unidentified cofactor expressed in CEMx174 cells for efficient entry.

    abstract::The recent identification of coreceptors that mediate efficient entry of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) suggests new therapeutic and preventive strategies. We analyzed simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) entry cofactors to investigate whether the macaque SIV model can be used as an experimental model to e...

    journal_title:Journal of virology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/JVI.71.9.6509-6516.1997

    authors: Kirchhoff F,Pöhlmann S,Hamacher M,Means RE,Kraus T,Uberla K,Di Marzio P

    更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00

  • Recruitment of the nuclear form of uracil DNA glycosylase into virus particles participates in the full infectivity of HIV-1.

    abstract::The HIV-1 Vpr protein participates in the early steps of the virus life cycle by influencing the accuracy of reverse transcription. This role of Vpr was related to the recruitment of the nuclear form of the uracil DNA glycosylase (UNG2) enzyme into virus particles, but several conflicting findings have been reported r...

    journal_title:Journal of virology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/JVI.05163-11

    authors: Guenzel CA,Hérate C,Le Rouzic E,Maidou-Peindara P,Sadler HA,Rouyez MC,Mansky LM,Benichou S

    更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00

  • Shared antigenic determinants between two distinct classes of proteins in cells infected with herpes simplex virus.

    abstract::Guinea pig antisera and mouse monoclonal antibodies against a 40,000-molecular-weight nucleocapsid protein (p40) of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 immunoprecipitated 40,000- and 80,000-molecular-weight classes of soluble proteins from infected cell extracts. The soluble 40,000-molecular-weight protein class (intra...

    journal_title:Journal of virology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/JVI.35.3.644-652.1980

    authors: Zweig M,Heilman CJ Jr,Rabin H,Hampar B

    更新日期:1980-09-01 00:00:00

  • Inhibition of Histone Deacetylase Activity Aggravates Coxsackievirus B3-Induced Myocarditis by Promoting Viral Replication and Myocardial Apoptosis.

    abstract:UNLABELLED:Viral myocarditis, which is most prevalently caused by coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), is a serious clinical condition characterized by excessive myocardial inflammation. Recent studies suggest that regulation of protein acetylation levels by inhibiting histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity modulates inflammatory re...

    journal_title:Journal of virology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/JVI.01028-15

    authors: Zhou L,He X,Gao B,Xiong S

    更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00

  • Transmission barriers for bovine, ovine, and human prions in transgenic mice.

    abstract::Transgenic (Tg) mice expressing full-length bovine prion protein (BoPrP) serially propagate bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) prions without posing a transmission barrier. These mice also posed no transmission barrier for Suffolk sheep scrapie prions, suggesting that cattle may be highly susceptible to some sheep...

    journal_title:Journal of virology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/JVI.79.9.5259-5271.2005

    authors: Scott MR,Peretz D,Nguyen HO,Dearmond SJ,Prusiner SB

    更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00

  • Phosphorylation site mutations affect herpes simplex virus type 1 ICP0 function.

    abstract::The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) immediate-early (IE) regulatory protein infected-cell protein 0 (ICP0) is a strong and global transactivator of both viral and cellular genes. In a previous study, we reported that ICP0 is highly phosphorylated and contains at least seven distinct phosphorylation signals as dete...

    journal_title:Journal of virology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/JVI.79.2.1232-1243.2005

    authors: Davido DJ,von Zagorski WF,Lane WS,Schaffer PA

    更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00

  • Analyses of the Kroon Virus Major Capsid Gene and Its Transcript Highlight a Distinct Pattern of Gene Evolution and Splicing among Mimiviruses.

    abstract::The inclusion of Mimiviridae members in the putative monophyletic nucleocytoplasmic large DNA virus (NCLDV) group is based on genomic and phylogenomic patterns. This shows that, along with other viral families, they share a set of genes known as core or "hallmark genes," including the gene for the major capsid protein...

    journal_title:Journal of virology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/JVI.01782-17

    authors: Boratto PVM,Dornas FP,da Silva LCF,Rodrigues RAL,Oliveira GP,Cortines JR,Drumond BP,Abrahão JS

    更新日期:2018-01-02 00:00:00