Abstract：
:Staphylococcus aureus extracellular vesicles (EVs) deliver effector molecules to host cells and induce host cell pathology. This study investigated the disruption of S. aureus EVs by thymol along with its inhibitory effects on the cytotoxicity and inflammatory responses induced by EVs derived from two different S. aureus strains in cultured keratinocytes. Membrane disruption of the S. aureus EVs treated with thymol was determined using transmission electron microscopy. Human keratinocyte HaCaT cells were incubated with either intact or thymol-treated S. aureus EVs and then analyzed for cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression. Thymol inhibited the growth of S. aureus strains and disrupted the membranes of the S. aureus EVs. The cytotoxicity and the expression levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine genes towards HaCaT cells differed between the EVs derived from two S. aureus strains. Thymol-treated S. aureus EVs inhibited the cytotoxicity and the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine genes when compared to intact S. aureus EVs. Thymol-treated S. aureus EVs delivered lesser amounts of the EV component to host cells than intact EVs. Our results suggest that the thymol-induced disruption of the S. aureus EVs inhibits the delivery of effector molecules to host cells, resulting in the suppression of cytotoxicity and inflammatory responses in keratinocytes. Thymol may attenuate the host cell pathology induced by an S. aureus infection via both the antimicrobial activity against the bacteria and the disruption of the secreted EVs.
journal_name
Microb Pathogjournal_title
Microbial pathogenesisauthors
Kwon HI,Jeong NH,Kim SY,Kim MH,Son JH,Jun SH,Kim S,Jeon H,Kang SC,Kim SH,Lee JCdoi
10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103603subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-09-01 00:00:00pages
103603eissn
0882-4010issn
1096-1208pii
S0882-4010(19)30434-6journal_volume
134pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The genetic control of mouse susceptibility to Chlamydia psittaci was investigated after intravenous inoculation of 2 x 10(5) plaque-forming units (pfu). Splenic counts 6 days after inoculation gave the level of susceptibility. Results from inoculation of mice from H-2 congenic strains with three different genetic bac...
journal_title：Microbial pathogenesis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/mpat.1994.1023
更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The hemA mutation reduces the virulence of Salmonella typhimurium for mice by at least 10(7)-fold, as measured by change in LD50. The hemA mutation does not appear to affect killing of salmonella in mice. The salmonella with the hemA mutation persist in the spleen and liver for 2 to 3 weeks following intravenous injec...
journal_title：Microbial pathogenesis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0882-4010(91)90033-7
更新日期：1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study was designed to screen for SCCmec types and to characterize the attachment site (attB) and universal insertion site (orfX) of SCCmec in a collection of 27 isolates (n = 11) methicillin resistant S. aureus and (n = 16) methicillin susceptible S. aureus isolates in Malaysia. Screening of SCCmec types and char...
journal_title：Microbial pathogenesis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.micpath.2018.07.033
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Elimination of pathogenic microorganisms in the liver may be an important effector mechanism in host defenses. In this paper we describe the adhesion, invasion and multiplication of Salmonella typhimurium in a murine embryonic hepatocyte cell line (ATCC TIB-73). Monolayers of hepatocytes treated with recombinant IFN g...
journal_title：Microbial pathogenesis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/mpat.1996.0065
更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Coxiella burnetii and non-C. burnetii bacteria or endosymbiotic Coxiella-like were reported in various tick species. We aimed to detect C. burnetii within soft tick species, Argas persicus and Alveonasus canestrinii. METHODS:Argasid ticks were collected from different counties of Lorestan province, west of ...
journal_title：Microbial pathogenesis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103902
更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:VirB plays a central role in the regulation of virulence of Shigella flexneri. It acts as a transcriptional activator and is itself transcriptionally activated by another virulence protein, VirF. Experiments were performed in order to identify the site upstream of virB at which VirF binds in order to activate transcri...
journal_title：Microbial pathogenesis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/mpat.1993.1047
更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Attenuated recombinant Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) strains are a promising class of vaccine vectors that trigger protective antigen-specific CD8 T cells. Listeriolysin O (LLO) is an important Lm virulence determinant allowing the bacterium to escape from the endocytic vacuole into the cell cytoplasm in phagocytic cell...
journal_title：Microbial pathogenesis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.micpath.2007.08.002
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In vivo studies are crucial decision-maker step in order to translate in vitro data to an applied therapy. Considering this we describe a simple method that analyzes and quantifies biofilm formation inside the Galleria mellonella larvae. Toothbrush bristles were employed as an abiotic surface to mimic a medical device...
journal_title：Microbial pathogenesis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103756
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Programmed cell death is part of normal development and homeostasis. Apoptosis induced by bacteria appears to contribute to infectious diseases. Some bacteria produce toxins to kill host cells by the same pathway, apoptosis, through different mechanisms including pore formation, protein synthesis inhibition or adenyla...
journal_title：Microbial pathogenesis
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1006/mpat.1994.1066
更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Cronobacter spp. are Gram-negative, facultative-anaerobic, non-spore forming, enteric coliform bacteria, which belongs to the Enterobacteriaceae family. Cronobacter spp. are opportunistic pathogens that have brought rare but life-threatening infections such as meningitis, necrotizing enterocolitis and bloods...
journal_title：Microbial pathogenesis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.micpath.2018.12.011
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pasteurella multocida capsular type A can cause a pulmonary infection, leading to serious pecuniary losses in cattle. The heterogeneity of infection outcome of P. multocida strains showing different virulence may be related to divergent expression of virulence genes. In this study, we compared the transcriptional resp...
journal_title：Microbial pathogenesis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103911
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Microbial adherence to host cells is an early key step in the establishment of infection. During the course of Legionnaire's disease, Legionella interactions with host cells are best documented for resident macrophages. However, L. pneumophila can also replicate within type I and type II pneumocytes, which cover almos...
journal_title：Microbial pathogenesis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.micpath.2007.06.002
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Orientia tsutsugamushi, an obligate intracellular bacterium, is the causative agent of scrub typhus which is histopathologically characterized by inflammatory manifestations, indicating that rickettsiae induce mechanisms that amplify the inflammatory response. To understand the pathogenesis of scrub typhus, we examine...
journal_title：Microbial pathogenesis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.micpath.2003.08.006
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The enteropathogenic potential of 32 Vibrio cholerae O1 isolates that do not produce cholera toxin was examined in the orally inoculated, sealed adult mouse model. Live cultures (2 x 10(10) cfu/ml) of 7/16 clinical and 6/16 environmental isolates produced a positive intestinal fluid accumulation (FA) ratio that reache...
journal_title：Microbial pathogenesis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0882-4010(92)90008-c
更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study investigated the possible correlation between carriage of the virulence genes esp and fsrb, production of hemolysin and gelatinase and biofilm formation in human vs. animal enterococcal isolates. A collection of 219 enterococcal isolates recovered from clinical and fecal surveillance samples of hospi...
journal_title：Microbial pathogenesis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.micpath.2012.03.003
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A total of 54 positive blood aerobic cultures of suspected blood sepsis in neonates were purified, diagnosed and tested for antibiotic susceptibility. Six bacterial pathogens of Escherichia coli (10 isolates), Klebsiella pneumoniae (10 isolates), Haemophilus influenzae (4 isolates), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3 isolates)...
journal_title：Microbial pathogenesis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104447
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An mdaB mutant strain in a quinone reductase (MdaB) of Helicobacter hepaticus type strain ATCC51449 was constructed by insertional mutagenesis, and the MdaB protein was purified and compared to the Helicobacter pylori enzyme. While wild type H. hepaticus cells could tolerate 6% O(2) for growth, the mdaB strain was cle...
journal_title：Microbial pathogenesis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.micpath.2006.08.005
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Inflammasome activation is an important host response to infectious diseases, but the difference in inflammasome activation between typhoid fever and non-typhoidal Salmonella infection has been rarely studied. To determine whether inflammasome activation in macrophages after S. Typhi and S. Typhimurium infection is di...
journal_title：Microbial pathogenesis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104222
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:DNA vaccine has emerged as a promising approach with potential for Tuberculosis (TB) prevention in adults. However, the mechanism behind DNA vaccines is still largely unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Utilizing the CRISPR/Cas9 technique, we engineered Ag85A mutated dendritic cells (Ag85A-M-DCs) in which the Ag8...
journal_title：Microbial pathogenesis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104487
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:With the growing interest in probiotic microorganisms based on their well established immense health benefits, the present investigation was aimed to assess the adhesion potential and safety of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus MTCC- 5897 (LR) before it can be put into a probiotic formulations. L. rhamnosus showed an ...
journal_title：Microbial pathogenesis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.micpath.2019.03.009
更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Type VI secretion systems (T6SSs) have been identified recently in several Gram-negative organisms and have been shown to be associated with virulence in some bacterial pathogens. A T6SS of Yersinia pestis CO92 (locus YPO0499-YPO0516) was deleted followed by investigation of the phenotype of this mutation. We observed...
journal_title：Microbial pathogenesis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.micpath.2009.08.005
更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The 190 kDa outer membrane protein of Rickettsia rickettsii is a major immunodominant protective antigen which contains 13 tandem nearly identical repeating sequences. We have identified a deletion in the 190 kDa antigen gene of R. rickettsii strain Smith maintained in the laboratory. The deletion occurred within the ...
journal_title：Microbial pathogenesis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/mpat.1996.0005
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We examined the cells recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) during the course of respiratory infection caused by Sendai virus in normal (20% protein diet) and malnourished (2% protein diet) mice. As in our previous experiments, mortality in normal mice was 32% in comparison with 87% in the malnourished group. Viru...
journal_title：Microbial pathogenesis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0882-4010(91)90045-c
更新日期：1991-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this study we compared the host response to Listeria monocytogenes in 129 REJ mice with listeria-resistant (C57Bl/6j) and susceptible (Balb/c) mouse strains. In all experiments mice were inoculated by the i.p. route. 129 REJ mice and Balb/c mice were sensitive to listeriosis whilst C57Bl/6j mice were relatively res...
journal_title：Microbial pathogenesis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/mpat.1995.0032
更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The antimicrobial resistance (AMR) exhibited against broad spectrum and new generation antibiotics used for Pseudomonas infections is a major threat and renders the treatment ineffective. In our present study, we have used a computational approach to understand various drug resistance mechanisms which contribute to Mu...
journal_title：Microbial pathogenesis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103668
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Thymol and carvacrol from the class of monoterpene phenols are one of the most potent plant essential oil components possessing antimicrobial effects. Known for their wide bioactive spectrum, these positional isomers of isopropyl cresol deplete ergosterol content, compromise membrane permeability, block efflux pumps a...
journal_title：Microbial pathogenesis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.micpath.2015.02.004
更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic pathogen, can cause serious health problems and produces several virulence factors. The most important of these factors is biofilm. Many studies suggest administration of new generation of antibiotics, as P. aeruginosa biofilm has developed high resistance to antimicro...
journal_title：Microbial pathogenesis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.micpath.2018.03.055
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the present study hexane, benzene, ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of Pithecellobium dulce root were prepared using soxhlet extractor. The extracts were evaluated for antibacterial activity against one Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and three Gram negative (Acetobacter aceti, Acetobacter aceti, Klebsiella...
journal_title：Microbial pathogenesis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.micpath.2018.01.013
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tick-borne bacteria are considered to be emerging in camels, but data about their occurrence in Tunisian dromedaries and their infesting ticks remain scarce. In this study, 412 camel blood samples and 327 partially engorged ticks were collected and tested for the presence of Coxiella burnetii and/or related strains, a...
journal_title：Microbial pathogenesis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103655
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In mice, nitric oxide (NO) production by inducible NO synthase (iNOS), is a component of the control of Brucella infection. In humans, the involvement of iNOS in infection is still a matter of debate. Based on in vitro experiments, it was recently postulated that in humans, Brucella infection tends to become chronic b...
journal_title：Microbial pathogenesis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.micpath.2003.09.003
更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00
