Topographical features of smokeless tobacco use.

abstract：RATIONALE:Nearly 60-80% of women experience some form of sadness, anxiety, or anhedonia in the weeks following the birth of a child (Patel et al. 23(2):534-42, 2012; Degner 10: 359;j4692, 2017); however, the exact mechanisms that precipitate these changes in mood postpartum are still unknown. It is well-known that the ...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Gomez J,Haas NA,Schwarz JM

更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Normal unoperated rats were tested for rotation (i.e., circling behavior) in a spherical "rotometer" and dose-response relationships were generated using d-amphetamine, apomorphine, L-Dopa, haloperidol, and scopolamine. The rotation induced by amphetamine was significantly antagonized by alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine and ha...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Jerussi TP,Glick SD

更新日期：1976-06-23 00:00:00

abstract：:The relationship between premenstrual dysphoria and alcohol acquistion and use patterns was studied in 14 women over 35 days on a clinical research ward. A 7-day drug-free baseline was followed by 21 days of alcohol availability and a post-alcohol drug-free period of 7 days. Women could earn alcohol or 50 cents for 30...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Mello NK,Mendelson JH,Lex BW

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Locomotor sensitization, defined as the progressive and enduring enhancement of the motor stimulant effects elicited by repeated exposure to drugs of abuse, is the consequence of drug-induced cellular neuroadaptations that likely contribute to addictive behavior. Neuroadaptations within the dopaminergic sy...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Morice E,Denis C,Giros B,Nosten-Bertrand M

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Nitric oxide (NO) is a messenger synthesized in both the neuronal and glial populations by nitric oxide synthase type 1 (NOS1). Nicotine regulates NO production in a sex-dependent manner, both molecules being involved in motor function. OBJECTIVE:The present study evaluates sex differences in motor coordinat...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Muñoz-Castañeda R,Díaz D,Avila-Zarza CA,Alonso JR,Weruaga E

更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:The experience of strong traumata leads to the formation of enduring fear memories that may degenerate into post-traumatic stress disorder. One of the most successful treatments for this condition consists of extinction training during which the repeated exposure to trauma-inducing stimuli in a safe environme...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Silva BA,Burns AM,Gräff J

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Soda manufacturers claim that caffeine is added to soda as a flavor enhancer, but many researchers have speculated that caffeine is added to increase the hedonic and reinforcing properties of the soda. Studies in adults have demonstrated that caffeine can condition flavor preferences when added to novel-flav...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Temple JL,Ziegler AM,Graczyk A,Bendlin A,O'Leary S,Schnittker YS

更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Prior activation of the kappa opioid system by repeated stress or agonist administration has been previously shown to potentiate the rewarding properties of subsequently administered cocaine. In the present study, intermittent and uncontrollable footshock, a single session of forced swim, or acute administ...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Redila VA,Chavkin C

更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Although environmental enrichment renders rats more sensitive to the neurobehavioral effects of acute amphetamine, a previous study found that enriched rats self-administer less amphetamine than isolated rats at a low unit dose (0.03 mg/kg per infusion). In that study, however, acquisition of self-administrat...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Green TA,Gehrke BJ,Bardo MT

更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Stimulation of central beta(2) adrenergic receptors produces antidepressant-like effects on behavior. At present, it is not known what brain sites are involved in mediating such effects, although some recent evidence suggests the importance of the dorsal hippocampus. OBJECTIVE:Experiments were carried out to...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Zhang HT,Huang Y,O'Donnell JM

更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The present study compared cocaine-induced hyperlocomotion and cocaine i.v. self-administration in DBA/2J and C57BL/6J mice. In the locomotor activity experiment, these strains were tested for hyperlocomotion after i.p. cocaine injection (0-60.0 mg/kg), using a Digiscan Animal Activity Monitoring System. In the cocain...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Rocha BA,Odom LA,Barron BA,Ator R,Wild SA,Forster MJ

更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Impulsive behavior is associated with both alcohol use disorders and a family history of alcoholism (FHA). One operational definition of impulsive behavior is the stop-signal task (SST) which measures the time needed to stop a ballistic hand movement. OBJECTIVE:Employ functional magnetic resonance imaging (f...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Kareken DA,Dzemidzic M,Wetherill L,Eiler W 2nd,Oberlin BG,Harezlak J,Wang Y,O'Connor SJ

更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Medication and illicit drugs can have detrimental side effects which impair driving performance. A drug's impairing potential should be determined by well-validated, reliable, and sensitive tests and ideally be calibrated by benchmark drugs and doses. To date, no consensus has been reached on the issue of whi...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Jongen S,Vuurman E,Ramaekers J,Vermeeren A

更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Compared to men, the smoking behavior of women may be less responsive to nicotine and more responsive to nonpharmacological factors, perhaps including verbal information (e.g., dose instructions). OBJECTIVE:This study compared the influence of the presence vs absence of dose instructions on the subjective an...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Perkins KA,Doyle T,Ciccocioppo M,Conklin C,Sayette M,Caggiula A

更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Naloxone, an opioid receptor antagonist, attenuates a wide range of behavioral effects of d-amphetamine, such as the stimulation of motor activity. To investigate the pharmacological selectivity of the naloxone/amphetamine interaction, we assessed the effects of naloxone (5.0 mg/kg SC) upon motor activity induced in r...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Jones DN,Holtzman SG

更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Acute tryptophan depletion (ATD) is a widely used method to study the role of serotonin (5-HT) in affect and cognition. ATD results in a strong but transient decrease in plasma tryptophan and central 5-HT synthesis and availability. Although its use is widespread, the evidence that the numerous functional eff...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： van der Plasse G,Meerkerk DT,Lieben CK,Blokland A,Feenstra MG

更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Recent studies have shown that pharmacological inhibition of the 12-lipoxygenase pathway selectively blocks opioid inhibition of GABAergic synaptic currents. A similar mechanism has been shown for the regulation of glutamate release in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) during acute withdrawal from morphine, al...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Walters CL,Wang BC,Godfrey M,Sun D,Funk CD,Blendy JA

更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nefiracetam is undergoing preclinical and clinical tests as a cognition-enhancing drug in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Nicotinic cholinergic receptors are lost in AD, and nicotinic as well as muscarinic cholinergic receptors are involved in the modulation of eyeblink conditioning. Experiments were carried out using young...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Woodruff-Pak DS,Hinchliffe RM

更新日期：1997-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:The zebrafish dopaminergic system is thought to be evolutionarily conserved and may be amenable to pharmacological manipulation using drugs developed for mammalian receptors. However, only few studies have examined the role of specific receptor subtypes in behaviour of adult zebrafish. OBJECTIVES:The objecti...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Tran S,Nowicki M,Muraleetharan A,Gerlai R

更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rats were trained to self-administer cocaine in 1-h sessions on a fixed ratio 5 (FR5) schedule of reinforcement. Acquisition was carried out at a unit dose of 0.3 mg/kg and responding was then stabilized at cocaine doses of 0.1, 0.3, and 1.0 mg/kg/infusion. Pretreatments with naltrexone (0.1-10 mg/kg, SC) 20 min prior...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Corrigall WA,Coen KM

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:Previous studies have investigated the occupancy of the serotonin reuptake transporter (SERT) after clinical doses of citalopram and other selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. In the present study, the occupancies of SERT after multiple doses of escitalopram and citalopram were compared using the radioli...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Klein N,Sacher J,Geiss-Granadia T,Mossaheb N,Attarbaschi T,Lanzenberger R,Spindelegger C,Holik A,Asenbaum S,Dudczak R,Tauscher J,Kasper S

更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONAL:It has been suggested that phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors such as sildenafil may be effective in the treatment of negative symptoms of schizophrenia. OBJECTIVE:This study was designed to investigate the effect of sildenafil added to risperidone as augmentation therapy in patients with chronic schizophrenia an...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Akhondzadeh S,Ghayyoumi R,Rezaei F,Salehi B,Modabbernia AH,Maroufi A,Esfandiari GR,Naderi M,Ghebleh F,Tabrizi M,Rezazadeh SA

更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Depression in children is currently an area of considerable controversy, as is the use of potent psychopharmacologic agents in children. Since EEG sleep techniques have proven to be useful in understanding the mechanisms of depression in adults and in predicting their response to antidepressants, a pilot study employi...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Kupfer DJ,Coble P,Kane J,Petti T,Conners CK

更新日期：1979-01-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Twenty-one depressed patients participated in a study that assessed the predictability of amitriptyline (AT) dosage based on plasma drug concentrations after a single dose. In 11 patients maintained on a fixed dose regimen, the 18-h single-dose level was confirmed to be predictive of steady-state levels. The dose for ...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Madakasira S,Khazanie PG,Sato TL

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of phencyclidine (PCP) on locomotor activity were compared to those of the stereoisomers of N-allylnormetazocine (NAN) after acute administration to rats. PCP produced swaying and falling movements, increased sniffing behavior, and enhanced horizontal locomotor activity. d-NAN also induced swaying, falling...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Iwamoto ET

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Although the behavioral effects of systemic injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) have been extensively investigated, the modulation of these effects by natural environmental factors has received little attention. OBJECTIVES:The present study investigated whether or not locomotor activity reductions and the ...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Franklin AE,Engeland CG,Kavaliers M,Ossenkopp KP

更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:The effect of LSD in humans has been described as occurring in two temporal phases. The behavioral effects in rats also occur in two temporal phases: an initial suppression of exploration followed by increased locomotor activity. OBJECTIVES:We decided to investigate this phenomenon from the perspective that ...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Marona-Lewicka D,Thisted RA,Nichols DE

更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of a new alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist on erectile function was assessed in 12 normal volunteers (mean age 28.7, range 20-42), using a double blind, placebo controlled design with two doses of drug and three testing sessions. The drug was administered by intravenous infusion and erectile responses to ero...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Munoz M,Bancroft J,Turner M

更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Second-generation antipsychotics occupy dopamine D2 receptors and act as antagonists or partial agonists at these receptors. While these drugs alleviate positive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia, they are less effective for treating cognitive deficits and negative symptoms. Dopamine D3 receptors are hi...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Girgis RR,Slifstein M,D'Souza D,Lee Y,Periclou A,Ghahramani P,Laszlovszky I,Durgam S,Adham N,Nabulsi N,Huang Y,Carson RE,Kiss B,Kapás M,Abi-Dargham A,Rakhit A

更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of the selective noradrenaline neurotoxin DSP4 on steady-state operant behaviour was examined using a quantitative behavioural paradigm based on Herrnstein's (1970) equation, which defines a hyperbolic relationship between steady-state response rate and reinforcement frequency in variable-interval schedules...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Morley MJ,Shah K,Bradshaw CM,Szabadi E

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00