[Emotional processing in adult vs adolescent patients with eating behavior disorders; emotional recognizing and the mental theory].

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE AND METHODS:Current research has focused on the impact of difficulties in emotional recognition and regulation and deficits in social cognition (ToM) in the predisposition and maintenance of eating disorders EDs. Though most studies have assessed adult patients, few studies have examined these characteristics in adolescent patients. This study assessed difficulties in emotional recognition and ToM in 48 adult and adolescent patients (39 Anorexia Nervosa patients, and 9 Bulimia Nervosa patients) of varying degrees of severity, who were compared with a group of healthy controls using the TAS-20, and the RME. RESULTS:The results substantiate the initial working hypothesis that difficulties in emotional recognition would be greater in both AN and BN patients as compared to controls. Moreover, these difficulties were modulated by age and the severity of the disorder i.e., severely affected adult patients had more difficulties in emotional recognition than less severely affected adolescent patients. No differences were observed according to diagnosis or BMI. Contrary to expectation in terms of the functioning of social cognition (theory of mind), both adult and adolescent AN and BN patients maintained their ability to infer the mental state of others, and performance in mentalizing task was similar to controls. Performance was slightly lower, but not statistically significant, in longterm previously treated patients than in controls. No relationship with low BMI or eating symptoms was observed. CONCLUSION:Since all of the ED patients exhibited emotional difficulties, techniques designed to enhance emotional recognition are vital for successful treatment. As difficulties become more acute as the disorder progresses, the treatment of adolescent patients must entail early therapeutic interventions designed to arrest further deterioration. In terms of ToM, the results suggest difficulties in social cognition can neither be generalized to all AN patients nor to those suffering from severe malnutrition. In long-term patients mentalization was slightly low and apparently poorly associated to difficulties in therapeutic link. These results do not lend support to the hypothesis that AN patients share the characteristics of patients affected by autistic spectrum disorders, at least not in terms of all the dimensions of ToM. These, and other controversial findings in the social cognition of EDs suggest that difficulties in mentalization cannot be generalized to all ED patients, which underscores the need for further research on the differential characteristics of AN patients with ToM disorders that goes beyond the emotional difficulties observed. :Objetivo y métodos: Actualmente se destaca la importancia de las dificultades de reconocimiento emocional y los problemas en cognición social (ToM), en la predisposición y mantenimiento de los Trastornos de Conducta Alimentaria (TCA). La mayoría de los estudios han sido realizados en pacientes adultos y pocos han analizado estas características en pacientes adolescentes. Este estudio examina las dificultades de reconocimiento emocional y cognición social en 48 pacientes con Anorexia Nerviosa (AN) y Bulimia Nerviosa (BN), adultas y adolescentes, con diversos grados de gravedad y las compara con grupos control sano. Para evaluar estas dificultades se han utilizado los siguientes cuestionarios: TAS-20 y el RME. Resultados: Conforme a lo establecido en nuestras hipótesis, las pacientes con AN y BN presentan mayores dificultades en el reconocimiento que los sujetos control. Las dificultades están moduladas por la edad y la gravedad del trastorno. Las pacientes adultas y más graves presentan más problemas en el reconocimiento emocional que las adolescentes menos graves. No se han obtenido diferencias en función del diagnóstico ni del índice de masa corporal (IMC). Contrariamente a lo esperado en la hipótesis sobre la teoría de la mente, las pacientes AN y BN, adultas y adolescentes mantienen intacta su capacidad para atribuir estados mentales a otros, realizando la tarea de mentalización de forma similar a los sujetos control. Únicamente las pacientes con más tratamientos previos y mayor duración del trastorno muestran un rendimiento ligeramente inferior. No existe relación con el IMC ni con los síntomas alimentarios. Conclusiones: Dado que todas las pacientes TCA tienen dificultades emocionales, es esencial que se introduzcan técnicas terapéuticas que faciliten el reconocimiento y la aceptación en el tratamiento. Puesto que las dificultades se intensifican en el transcurso del trastorno, los tratamientos de pacientes adolescentes tienen que incluir intervenciones terapéuticas tempranas que impidan este deterioro. Por lo que respecta a la ToM, los resultados sugieren que las dificultades de cognición social no son propias de todas las pacientes AN, incluso con un IMC muy bajo. En pacientes de larga evolución la mentalización es ligeramente inferior y parece estar asociada, muy débilmente, a las dificultades de vínculo terapéutico. Estos y otros hallazgos controvertidos en cognición social en TCA, sugieren que no es posible generalizar las dificultades de mentalización a todos los pacientes con TCA e instan a realizar más investigaciones que permitan descubrir las características diferenciales de las pacientes AN con alteraciones de ToM, más allá de las dificultades de vínculo observadas.

journal_name

Nutr Hosp

journal_title

Nutricion hospitalaria

authors

Calvo Sagardoy R,Gallego Morales LT,Solórzano Ostolaza G,Kassem García S,Morales Martínez C,Codesal Julián R,Blanco Fernández A

doi

10.3305/nh.2014.29.4.7326

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2014-04-01 00:00:00

pages

941-52

issue

4

eissn

0212-1611

issn

1699-5198

journal_volume

29

pub_type

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