Abstract:
:The coat protein of alfalfa mosaic virus has both structural and regulating functions. The latter is evident from the fact that the genomic RNAs of the virus, although they are of messenger polarity, cannot start an infection cycle in the absence of cost protein. The reason could be that the coat protein is needed for viral RNA synthesis. Indeed, the coat protein has been found in tight association with the viral RNA polymerase (R. Quadt et al., 1991, Virology 182, 309-315). To investigate the role of the coat protein, if any, in viral RNA synthesis, we have isolated that viral RNA polymerase (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, RdRp) from mock-inoculated tobacco plants transformed with cDNAs 1 and 2, known as P12 plants (P. E. M. Taschner et al., 1991, Virology 181, 687-693), which express the nonstructural proteins P1 and P2. Such an enzyme (called M-RdRp) will contain the viral subunits P1 and P2 but not the coat protein. As a comparison we also isolated the RdRp from virion-inoculated P12 plants (C-RdRp). This enzyme will contain the coat protein. We found that both M-RdRp and C-RdRp could synthesize minus RNA, showing that coat protein is not needed for minus-strand synthesis. In contrast, minus-strand synthesis by both enzymes was inhibited by coat protein. Plus-strand synthesis was unaffected by coat protein in the case of C-RdRp, but strongly stimulated by coat protein in the case of M-RdRp. These data might explain why infected cells, which do not produce coat protein, display a very low accumulation of viral plus-strand RNA. They also give a possible explanation for the noninfectious character of the genomes of alfalfa mosaic virus and ilarviruses in the absence of coat protein. The fact that an active enzyme could be isolated from the same membrane fraction in infected and noninfected P12 plants shows that coat protein is not needed for assembly and targeting of the viral RNA polymerase.
journal_name
Virologyjournal_title
Virologyauthors
De Graaff M,Man in't Veld MR,Jaspars EMdoi
10.1006/viro.1995.1189subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-04-20 00:00:00pages
583-9issue
2eissn
0042-6822issn
1096-0341pii
S0042682285711890journal_volume
208pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
VIROLOGY文献大全abstract::At high concentrations, several monoclonal antibodies to the G1 glycoprotein of La Crosse (LAC) virus aggregated the virus. To determine whether this accounted for the neutralization, the monoclonal antibodies were digested to make Fab fragments. With one exception, each monovalent antibody neutralized LAC virus to th...
journal_title:Virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0042-6822(91)90073-k
更新日期:1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We recently reported the phenomenon of retroviral insertion into a herpesvirus (Isfort et al., (1992) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89, 991-995). We have now isolated Marek's disease virus (MDV) clones that carry retroviral inserts. Retroviral LTR insertion has the potential to activate or inactivate herpesvirus genes le...
journal_title:Virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/viro.1993.1018
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infection induces changes to the host cell nucleus including relocalization of the cellular protein Upstream Binding Factor (UBF) from the nucleolus to viral replication compartments (VRCs). Herein, we tested the hypothesis that UBF is recruited to VRCs to promote viral DNA replication. ...
journal_title:Virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.virol.2015.04.003
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Autophagy is a cellular response against stresses which include the infection of viruses and bacteria. We unravel that Dengue virus-2 (DV2) can trigger autophagic process in various infected cell lines demonstrated by GFP-LC3 dot formation and increased LC3-II formation. Autophagosome formation was also observed under...
journal_title:Virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.virol.2008.02.016
更新日期:2008-05-10 00:00:00
abstract::One of the newest niches for baculoviruses-based technologies is their use as vectors for mammalian cell transduction and gene therapy applications. However, an outstanding safety issue related to such use is the residual expression of viral genes in infected mammalian cells. Here we show that infectious baculoviruses...
journal_title:Virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.virol.2010.07.020
更新日期:2010-10-25 00:00:00
abstract::The genomic RNAs of barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) were used in experiments involving site-specific cleavage to yield noninfective but functionally active fragments and subsequent restoration of infectious viral RNA by means of religation. The specific fragments were obtained after site-specific cleavage of BSMV RN...
journal_title:Virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0042-6822(87)90469-7
更新日期:1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have determined the nucleotide sequence of the RNA2 segment of the Nudaurelia capensis omega virus genome. It was found to consist of 2448 nucleotides and contained one long open reading frame (ORF) encoding the 644 residue capsid protein. The deduced amino acid sequence of this protein reveals a positively charged...
journal_title:Virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0042-6822(92)90918-f
更新日期:1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The identification of mechanisms that prevent infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) would facilitate the development of an effective AIDS vaccine. In time-course experiments, protection against detectable superinfection with homologous wild-type SIV was achieved withi...
journal_title:Virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.virol.2004.09.026
更新日期:2004-12-05 00:00:00
abstract::The V protein of Sendai virus (SeV) is nonessential for virus replication in cell culture but indispensable for viral pathogenicity in mice. At the C terminus of the V protein, there are amino acid residues conserved among the members of the Paramyxovinae subfamily that are clustered in three regions: region I, just d...
journal_title:Virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/viro.2002.1516
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Camelpox virus (CMLV), a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus in the Poxviridae, is the etiologic agent of a disease of camels. Here we report the CMLV genomic sequence with analysis. The 205,719-bp CMLV genome contains 211 putative genes and consists of a central region bound by identical inverted terminal repeats of ap...
journal_title:Virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/viro.2001.1343
更新日期:2002-03-30 00:00:00
abstract::The physical structure of the genome of feline herpesvirus-1, a major upper respiratory tract pathogen of cats, was studied. Purified FHV-1 DNA was analyzed by restriction endonuclease and gamma 5' exonuclease digestion, blot hybridization, and electron microscopy. To facilitate further studies, nine bacteriophage clo...
journal_title:Virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0042-6822(86)90439-3
更新日期:1986-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::The movement protein (MP) of cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) is a multifunctional protein that potentiates the cell-to-cell and long distance movement of the virus. Functional domains in the CaMV MP were determined by analyzing deletions in green fluorescent protein (GFP)-MP fusions transfected into Arabidopsis thalia...
journal_title:Virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/viro.2000.0292
更新日期:2000-05-25 00:00:00
abstract::We have used cells infected with the HIV-1 molecular clone HX10 to study the binding of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to different epitopes within the extracellular domain of the HIV-1 transmembrane glycoprotein gp41. Gp41 mAb binding to the infected cells at 4 degrees was variable but weaker than the binding of an ant...
journal_title:Virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0042-6822(95)80094-8
更新日期:1995-01-10 00:00:00
abstract::The replicative form (RF) of spiroplasma virus 4 (SpV4) has been purified from infected cells of Spiroplasma melliferum strain G1 by alkaline lysis followed by low melting point agarose gel electrophoresis. A partial restriction map has been established. The circular RF was linearized by cutting at the unique ClaI res...
journal_title:Virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0042-6822(86)90060-7
更新日期:1986-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::RNase protection analysis of mRNAs for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genes activated early in the induction of the productive cycle in Akata cells has confirmed that BZLF1 and BRLF1 behave as immediate early genes. These are likely to be the only virus immediate early genes since analysis of three other transcripts previou...
journal_title:Virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/viro.1993.1070
更新日期:1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although herpesviruses have a wide host range and their genomes vary substantially in size, the nucleocapsid appears to be a conservative element of viral design. The capsid shell is icosahedrally symmetric (T = 16), and 125 nm in diameter and 15nm thick in the case of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1). Channel catfish v...
journal_title:Virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/viro.1996.0016
更新日期:1996-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::The target for neutralizing antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the trimeric Env protein on the native virion. Conserved neutralizing epitopes of receptor binding sites are located in the recessed core of the Env protein, partially masked by glycosylations and variable loops. In this study, we hav...
journal_title:Virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.virol.2004.10.005
更新日期:2005-01-05 00:00:00
abstract::The nucleotide sequence of the env gene of a previously described human provirus (ERV3) has been determined beginning near the 3'-end of the pol gene and continuing through the 3'-LTR. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence revealed the presence of a long open reading frame of 1944 nucleotides that is capable of encoding...
journal_title:Virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0042-6822(85)90147-3
更新日期:1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) the gag gene encodes the precursor polyprotein Pr55Gag, which is cleaved by the viral protease to produce the major structural proteins. Recently, it has been shown that HIV and SIV gag RNAs contain internal ribosome entry sites (IR...
journal_title:Virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.virol.2006.10.003
更新日期:2007-03-30 00:00:00
abstract::New BVDV strains associated with very high mortalities, which killed about 25% of the veal calves in Quebec in 1993, have been isolated. In this study, characterization of the last two-thirds of the 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) of their genome and virus neutralization experiments with polyvalent antisera raised in d...
journal_title:Virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/viro.1994.1483
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We determined the effect of the overproduction of viral nonstructural proteins on alphavirus plus-strand and minus-strand RNA synthesis. Because alphavirus minus-strand synthesis ceases normally at 3 to 4 hr postinfection and requires continuous protein synthesis [D. L. Sawicki and S. G. Sawicki, J. Virol. 34, 108-118...
journal_title:Virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0042-6822(86)90157-1
更新日期:1986-07-30 00:00:00
abstract::West Nile virus (WNV) has become firmly established in northeastern US, reemerging every summer since its introduction into North America in 1999. To determine whether WNV overwinters locally or is reseeded annually, we examined the patterns of viral lineage persistence and replacement in Connecticut over 10 consecuti...
journal_title:Virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.virol.2011.06.006
更新日期:2011-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::HIV-1 Nef is expressed in astrocytes, but a contribution to neuropathogenesis and the development of HIV-associated dementia (HAD) remains uncertain. To determine the neuropathogenic actions of the HIV-1 Nef protein, the brain-derived (YU-2) and blood-derived (NL4-3) Nef proteins were expressed in neural cells using a...
journal_title:Virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.virol.2004.08.024
更新日期:2004-11-24 00:00:00
abstract::The hepatitis B virus core open reading frame with and without the precore domain was expressed in insect cells using a baculovirus expression system. Precore antigen was not properly processed in insect cells and was present in highly insoluble cytoplasmic aggregates. Core antigen without the precore domain formed co...
journal_title:Virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0042-6822(90)90247-o
更新日期:1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::When hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) are presented together on an intact influenza virus particle, the antigens are competitive, with HA dominant over NA in T- and B-cell priming. Immunization with mixtures of purified HA and NA eliminates antigenic competition between HA and NA, as well as between N1-N2 NA ...
journal_title:Virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/viro.1996.0581
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have previously shown that the Edmonston strain of measles virus enters and is released preferentially at the apical surfaces of polarized epithelial cells. Small amounts of virus were found to be released at the basal surface. In the present study, we passaged the virus in polarized cells and characterized the pas...
journal_title:Virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/viro.1997.8520
更新日期:1997-05-12 00:00:00
abstract::A clinical feature of Ross River virus disease (RRVD) is the periodic relapse of symptoms months after the initial onset of disease. The underlying mechanisms responsible for this relapse have not been determined. In a long-term (148 days) in vitro study of persistently infected murine macrophages we established that ...
journal_title:Virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/viro.2002.1587
更新日期:2002-09-30 00:00:00
abstract::It has recently been shown that RNA from the bottom component of cowpea mosaic virus is capable of self-replication in cowpea mesophyll protoplasts, providing a tool for the investigation of the contribution of each RNA strand toward viral multiplication. Evidence is presented here, using this system, to show that the...
journal_title:Virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0042-6822(80)90239-1
更新日期:1980-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::We test the hypothesis that the translation machinery in cells infected by influenza A virus efficiently translates only mRNAs that possess the influenza viral 5' untranslated region (5'-UTR) by introducing mRNAs directly into the cytoplasm of infected cells. This strategy avoids effects due to the inhibition of the n...
journal_title:Virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/viro.2001.1149
更新日期:2001-10-25 00:00:00
abstract::Maturation of T4 can proceed in the presence of 5-methyltryptophan or puromycin. Puromycin inhibits phage protein synthesis within a few seconds, thus limiting the amount of phage precursor material available for maturation. After the arrest of protein synthesis, maturation continues unabated until the limiting protei...
journal_title:Virology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0042-6822(66)90050-x
更新日期:1966-03-01 00:00:00