Enhancing caffeine reinforcement by behavioral requirements following drug ingestion.

abstract：:Rat open field behavior is often used as a tool to study the behavioral effects of drugs. In this report, drug-induced patterns of locomotion in an open field were studied with the aid of a simple new statistic. Briefly, the animal's path through the open field is converted into a series of trips. Gamma (gamma) estima...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Mueller K,Hollingsworth EM,Cross DR

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A neutral stimulus can acquire conditioned rewarding properties through association with an intrinsically rewarding stimulus. The acquisition of responding for conditioned rewards requires that environmental stimuli and reward processes interact in a highly specific manner; analyses of this phenomenon may provide valu...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Sutton MA,Beninger RJ

更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Phencyclidine (PCP; 2.5 or 5.0 mg/kg) potentiated the effects of rewarding hypothalamic brain stimulation, causing parallel leftward shifts of the functions that relate rate of responding to stimulation frequency. Thus, like a number of other drugs of abuse, PCP lowered the "dose" of stimulation required to maintain r...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Carlezon WA Jr,Wise RA

更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:The occurrence of methamphetamine (METH) use by the smoking route is increasing. A nonhuman primate model for examining the reinforcing effects of smoked METH would be valuable for testing potential interventions for treating METH abuse disorders. OBJECTIVE:The purpose of the present study was to examine the...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Newman JL,Carroll ME

更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Male volunteer subjects smoked one marijuana cigarette containing 100, 200, or 250 micrograms/kg delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and were tested on three perceptual-motor performance measures related to driving. Performance was measured and blood samples were collected for 24 h after smoking. The covariation betwee...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Barnett G,Licko V,Thompson T

更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Dependence on both alcohol and cocaine is a widespread example of polydrug abuse/dependence. It has been hypothesized that ethanol reward is mediated via increased dopaminergic neurotransmission in mesolimbic striatum, as is the case for cocaine. However, little is known about the neurobiology of ethanol in p...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Bradberry CW

更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Male Sprague-Dawley rats were evaluated between ages 18 and 825 days for responses to doses of haloperidol (0 and 0.05-10 mg/kg, IP). Catalepsy, ptosis, and inhibition of general motor activity showed steady decreases in sensitivity to the drug with age during the first 1.5 years of maturation, while rats older than 1...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Campbell A,Baldessarini RJ

更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Several previous neuroendocrine studies have demonstrated reduced 5-HT1A receptor function in major depressive disorder (MDD). However, hypercortisolaemia or previous drug treatment may have been significant confounds. OBJECTIVES:To replicate previous studies in subjects with MDD who had been drug free for a...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Porter RJ,Gallagher P,Watson S,Smith MS,Young AH

更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or ecstasy) is a potent and selective serotonin neurotoxin whose use is growing among adolescents. Although cognitive deficits among adult MDMA users are well documented, little is known of the cognitive and brain functional sequelae of MDMA use during adolescence. OBJ...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Jacobsen LK,Mencl WE,Pugh KR,Skudlarski P,Krystal JH

更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The low rate of success for identifying effective treatments for cognitive dysfunction has prompted recent efforts to improve pharmaceutical discovery and development. In particular, investigators have emphasized improving translation from pre-clinical to clinical research. A specific area of focus has been touchscree...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Mohler EG,Ding Z,Rueter LE,Chapin D,Young D,Kozak R

更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The relationship between nicotine yield as determined by the FTC method and nicotine absorption was examined in 72 smokers in a more rigorous repetition of a previous study of 33 smokers. For this study, 113 smokers evenly distributed across four FTC "tar" yield ranges were recruited, only 72 demonstrated reasonable c...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Byrd GD,Davis RA,Caldwell WS,Robinson JH,deBethizy JD

更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of the intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of taurine on amnesia, convulsions and death caused by hypoxia was investigated in mice. Taurine in doses of 80-100 micrograms/mouse impaired acquisition of a single trial in passive avoidance performance, but protected mice from the learning impairment in...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Malcangio M,Bartolini A,Ghelardini C,Bennardini F,Malmberg-Aiello P,Franconi F,Giotti A

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of meperidine on operant behavioral thermoregulation were investigated using a convective thermal controller and mice trained to alternate at will the thermal-drive condition, changing it from an air flow of 15 degrees C to one of 45 degrees C, and vice versa. Administration of 15 mg/kg meperidine resulted...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Gessner PK,Clarke CC

更新日期：1979-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Methadone as the most prevalent opioid substitution medication has been shown to influence the neurophysiological functions among heroin addicts. However, there is no firm conclusion on acute neuroelectrophysiological changes among methadone-treated subjects as well as the effectiveness of methadone in restoring brain...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Motlagh F,Ibrahim F,Rashid R,Shafiabady N,Seghatoleslam T,Habil H

更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Opioid antagonism reduces the consumption of palatable foods in humans but the neural substrates implicated in these effects are less well understood. OBJECTIVES:The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of the opioid antagonist, naltrexone, on neural response to rewarding and aversive sight an...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Murray E,Brouwer S,McCutcheon R,Harmer CJ,Cowen PJ,McCabe C

更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chlordiazepoxide (5 and 10 mg/kg) and diazepam (2.5 mg/kg) reduced the latency to eat and enhanced feeding response to familiar food in a food-preference test. The increased feeding response resulted from an increased frequency of individual eating episodes (bouts) without significant change in the episode duration. E...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Cooper SJ

更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Alcohol use disorders are associated with deficits in adaptive behavior. While some behavioral impairments that are associated with alcohol use disorders may predate exposure to drugs of abuse, others may result directly from exposure to drugs of abuse, including alcohol. Identifying a causal role for how alc...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Barker JM,Lench DH,Chandler LJ

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the present study we have investigated the effects of diazepam (DZP) (10 mg/kg) treatment of rat dams during different periods of gestation or during lactation on the development and behavior of their offspring. The results show that DZP exposure during different phases of early development has differing effects on...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Frieder B,Epstein S,Grimm VE

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The forced swimming test is reviewed. This test appears to be suitable for detecting antidepressant activity in rats but not in mice. Difference in experimental procedure may account for the different sensitivity to drugs of the two animal species. ...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Borsini F,Meli A

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Repeated treatment with morphine has been shown to sensitize rats to its stimulant effects on motor activity and mesolimbic dopamine (DA) transmission. OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study is to investigate if morphine sensitization is associated to changes in the behavioral reactions to appetitive and aversive ...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： De Luca MA,Bimpisidis Z,Bassareo V,Di Chiara G

更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of diazepam (10 mg orally) on the responding of normal human volunteers was studied in a procedure that involved the maintenance of operant behavior by monetary reinforcement and its suppression by monetary loss (punishment). Diazepam produced an antipunishment effect as shown by an increase in behavior su...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Carlton PL,Siegel JL,Murphree HB,Cook L

更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Shaking movements of the body, similar to that made by a dog when wet ('wet-dog shakes'), occur in rats in response to pharmacological stimuli and in response to stimuli associated with cold and skin irritation. In this study, shaking movements, elicited by a variety of stimuli, were inhibited by central administratio...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Wei ET

更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Typical neuroleptic medications are still administered to as many as 40% of patients receiving antipsychotic treatment in the US. Intermittent administration or interruption of long-term neuroleptic medication for schizophrenia may increase the incidence of human tardive dyskinesias, and similarly may produce...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Linn GS,Lifshitz K,O'Keeffe RT,Lee K,Camp-Lifshitz J

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Keypecking in one group of pigeons was maintained under schedules in which food was presented only when a specified number of responses was followed by a 30-s pause without a response. d-Amphetamine and pentobarbital increased low rates of responding (and, thus, decreased food presentation) only after initial injectio...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Smith JB,McKearney JW

更新日期：1977-07-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute alcohol administration to rats has in preliminary studies been reported to drastically increase the binding of the benzodiazepine (BZ) receptor antagonist [3H]flumazenil (Ro 15-1788) to central BZ receptors. In the present study the effect of acute alcohol ingestion on the disposition of [11C]flumazenil in the h...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Pauli S,Liljequist S,Farde L,Swahn CG,Halldin C,Litton JE,Sedvall G

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three-hour sessions of differential reinforcement of low-rate behavior (DRL 45-s) in rats were used to investigate alprazolam, caffeine, and their interactions at the onset, peak and disappearance of serum alprazolam, while caffeine level remained constant. The dose-response curve (DRC) method of Pöch permitted an ext...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Lau CE,Wang J

更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To investigate the mood response of schizophrenic subjects to psychostimulant challenge, 29 neuroleptic-treated subjects (22 with schizophrenia and 7 with schizoaffective disorder) in clinical remission received two infusions, one with methylphenidate 0.5 mg/kg and the other with normal saline, under double-blind cond...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Robinson D,Mayerhoff D,Alvir J,Cooper T,Lieberman J

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cocaine and amphetamine produce several behavioral effects, most notably locomotor stimulation. Biochemically, evidence suggests specific involvement of dopaminergic systems, although not necessarily identical sites, in mediating cocaine- and amphetamine-induced locomotor stimulation. This study examined the effects o...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： George FR,Porrino LJ,Ritz MC,Goldberg SR

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Morphine and buprenorphine have analgesic and anxiolytic-like properties. While their analgesic effects have been well characterized, their anxiolytic-like properties have not. OBJECTIVES:Effects of acute morphine and buprenorphine on the expression of acoustic fear-potentiated startle (FPS) and naloxone pre...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Glover EM,Davis M

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In mice, quipazine has shown several behavioral effects: It antagonizes hypothermia induced by a high dose of apomorphine without altering climbing or stereotyped behavior; it antagonizes oxotremorine-induced hypothermia without altering tremors or peripheral signs; and it increases the toxicity of yohimbine. These th...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Francès H,Lecrubier Y,Puech AJ,Simon P

更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00