Anhedonia and reward-circuit connectivity distinguish nonresponders from responders to dorsomedial prefrontal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in major depression.

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:Depression is a heterogeneous mental illness. Neurostimulation treatments, by targeting specific nodes within the brain's emotion-regulation network, may be useful both as therapies and as probes for identifying clinically relevant depression subtypes. METHODS:Here, we applied 20 sessions of magnetic resonance imaging-guided repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex in 47 unipolar or bipolar patients with a medication-resistant major depressive episode. RESULTS:Treatment response was strongly bimodal, with individual patients showing either minimal or marked improvement. Compared with responders, nonresponders showed markedly higher baseline anhedonia symptomatology (including pessimism, loss of pleasure, and loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities) on item-by-item examination of Beck Depression Inventory-II and Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology ratings. Congruently, on baseline functional magnetic resonance imaging, nonresponders showed significantly lower connectivity through a classical reward pathway comprising ventral tegmental area, striatum, and a region in ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Responders and nonresponders also showed opposite patterns of hemispheric lateralization in the connectivity of dorsomedial and dorsolateral regions to this same ventromedial region. CONCLUSIONS:The results suggest distinct depression subtypes, one with preserved hedonic function and responsive to dorsomedial rTMS and another with disrupted hedonic function, abnormally lateralized connectivity through ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and unresponsive to dorsomedial rTMS. Future research directly comparing the effects of rTMS at different targets, guided by neuroimaging and clinical presentation, may clarify whether hedonia/reward circuit integrity is a reliable marker for optimizing rTMS target selection.

journal_name

Biol Psychiatry

journal_title

Biological psychiatry

authors

Downar J,Geraci J,Salomons TV,Dunlop K,Wheeler S,McAndrews MP,Bakker N,Blumberger DM,Daskalakis ZJ,Kennedy SH,Flint AJ,Giacobbe P

doi

10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.10.026

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2014-08-01 00:00:00

pages

176-85

issue

3

eissn

0006-3223

issn

1873-2402

pii

S0006-3223(13)01034-2

journal_volume

76

pub_type

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