Abstract：
:Identifying factors that modulate cocaine self-administration is fundamental to the development of effective strategies to treat and prevent cocaine abuse. In the present study, the influence of an alternative reinforcer on the probability of cocaine use was examined in four adult humans under controlled laboratory conditions. During eleven test sessions, subjects chose between cocaine hydrochloride vs. placebo or between cocaine vs. varying amounts of money (0-$2.00/choice). Subjects made a maximum of 10 exclusive choices per session. Cocaine and placebo were administered intranasally in 10 mg unit doses under double-blind conditions. Subjects exclusively chose cocaine over placebo demonstrating that the drug functioned as a reinforcer. During sessions comparing cocaine vs. money, choice of cocaine decreased as the amount of money available in the monetary option increased, with all subjects exclusively choosing the monetary option in the $2.00 per choice condition. These results systematically replicate and extend to humans prior findings in laboratory animals demonstrating that the availability of alternative, nondrug reinforcers can significantly decrease cocaine use.
journal_name
Life Scijournal_title
Life sciencesauthors
Higgins ST,Bickel WK,Hughes JRdoi
10.1016/0024-3205(94)00878-7subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-01-01 00:00:00pages
179-87issue
3eissn
0024-3205issn
1879-0631pii
0024-3205(94)00878-7journal_volume
55pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章相关文献
LIFE SCIENCES文献大全abstract：:Continuous three day administration via implanted minipumps of cocaine hydrochloride (50-450 mg/kg/day, sc and 100-250 mg/kg/day, iv) did not produce axonal degeneration in frontal agranular cortex or neostriatum that was detectable by Fink-Heimer silver staining or tyrosine hydroxylase immunolabeling. This is in cont...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0024-3205(88)90307-4
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The feasibility of using human cells isolated from peritoneal dialysis effluent as a model for studying lipoprotein and cholesterol metabolism was investigated. Human peritoneal cells degraded low density lipoproteins (LDL) and acetylated LDL (acetyl-LDL) by saturable, high affinity receptor-mediated processes. Positi...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0024-3205(96)00138-5
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The binding of biologically active 125I-Bolton-Hunter (BH)-NPY to rat brain membranes was saturable and reversible and regulated by inorganic cations and guanyl nucleotides consistent with other neurotransmitter receptor systems. The concentration of specific 125I-NPY binding differed in various brain regions, being h...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0024-3205(85)90583-1
更新日期：1985-12-02 00:00:00
abstract：:The role of serotonin (5-HT) in the regulation of steroidogenesis in the ovary via 5-HT2 receptor was studied in normal cycling rats and their preovulatory follicles. Oral administration of ketanserin (KET), a selective 5-HT2 antagonist, at 10 mg/kg BW at 1100h on the day of proestrus resulted in a marked decrease in ...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0024-3205(93)90713-d
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We recently labeled with carbon-11, a high affinity, selective, 5-HT3 receptor (5-HT3R) ligand, S21007, for potential positron emission tomography (PET) applications. To evaluate the in vivo binding properties of [11C]S21007, its brain regional distribution, tissue and plasma pharmacokinetics and plasma metabolisation...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0024-3205(97)01058-8
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Repeated, low-intensity electrical stimulation of the heart gradually leads to the development of electrocardiographic abnormalities that culminate in cardiac arrhythmias, mainly A-V block in the isolated heart frog and ventricular and supraventricular tachyarrhythmias in the canine heart in situ. The pattern of devel...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0024-3205(88)90437-7
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Relationship between in vivo down-regulation of cardiac muscarinic receptors and changes in their encoding mRNA was investigated. Rats were treated either once or for ten days with an irreversible inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase, followed by measurements of cardiac acetylcholinesterase, the density and affinity of m...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0024-3205(91)90615-i
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two types of plasma membranes isolated from rat brain cortex were used to study the membrane-perturbing properties of ethanol. Rats administered ethanol in the form of a liquid diet showed an increase in levels of phosphatidylserines, phosphatidylinositols and phosphatidic acids as compared to controls. The results pr...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0024-3205(84)90512-5
更新日期：1984-11-19 00:00:00
abstract：:It was examined whether the digoxin-like immunoreactive substance (DLIS) extracted from cord blood has a natriuretic activity. The DLIS was prepared from cord blood of healthy fullterm infants by acetone-HCl extraction and a gel filtration column. A solution (solution A) containing 1.0 ng/ml of DLIS or another solutio...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0024-3205(88)90639-x
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated the effects of genistein and genistin on proliferation and apoptosis of human ovarian SK-OV-3 cells and explored the mechanism for these effects. SK-OV-3 cells were treated with genistein and genistin at various concentrations (ranging from 1 to 100 muM) either alone or in combination for 24 and 48 h. ...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.lfs.2006.12.031
更新日期：2007-03-20 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of endothelin (END) on the release of atrial natriuretic peptides (ANP) was studied in isolated rat atria and in conscious rats. END stimulates the ANP release in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. An increase in ANP plasma levels and cyclic GMP plasma levels was also observed in conscious rats after injecti...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0024-3205(89)90200-2
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of prior incubation with a single concentration of isoproterenol (10(-4) M) for 2 hours at 37 degrees C on isoproterenol-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation in intact lymphocytes from young, old and subjects with Alzheimer's disease was studied. In lymphocytes from all three subjects groups prior incubation ...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0024-3205(84)90277-7
更新日期：1984-10-22 00:00:00
abstract：:Adult rat offspring earlier exposed to maternally ingested caffeine during both gestation and lactation were observed in an open field following acute administration of diazepam or cyclohexyladenosine. While both drugs reduced measures of locomotion and emotional reactivity, caffeine-exposed rats showed evidence of gr...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0024-3205(96)80009-9
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:The objective of this study was to establish a more accurate analytical model and method for grip strength test of mice and to investigate the beneficial effects of lifelong exercise training to prevent functional decline of muscle during aging. MAIN METHODS:Fifty randomly selected adult male BALB/c mice (24-56 w...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117603
更新日期：2020-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of methyl vitamin B12 (5-6 mg/kg, p.o.) on the entrainment of circadian running wheel activity rhythm to a new lighting schedule were measured in rats. After the light-dark (LD) cycle was abruptly reversed, rats given vitamin B12 took less time to entrain their circadian locomotor activity rhythm to the ne...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0024-3205(92)90544-y
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:Cerebral atrophy resulting from neurodegeneration is highly prevalent in individuals with diabetes; however, the underlying mechanisms for diabetic neurodegeneration are not fully understood. Here we hypothesized that hyperglycemia induces molecular signaling that favors induction of proliferation in post mitotic,...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.lfs.2018.05.019
更新日期：2018-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Two analogues of [Nle28,31]-CCK26-33 containing an N-terminal acetyl or N-terminal hydroxysulfonyl moiety were prepared and characterized. Both analogues were equipotent to native CCK26-33 in four bioassays, demonstrating that N-terminal sulfation of CCK26-33 analogues is compatible with full biological activity. ...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0024-3205(86)90158-x
更新日期：1986-11-03 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated the mechanism mediating cholinergic control of cell-to-cell adhesion of human epidermal keratinocytes (KC) by non-neuronal acetylcholine produced by KC themselves. We first measured cholinergic effects on the expression of desmoglein (Dsg) 1 and 3 in KC using the semi-quantitative immunofluorescence an...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0024-3205(03)00087-0
更新日期：2003-03-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Synthetic nitric oxide donors are known to protect the gastric mucosa from damage and dietary nitrate is known to release NO in the stomach. Mast cells have been found to be involved in gastric mucosal damage in humans or in rodents, and recent studies have pointed out the possibility of nitric oxide from endogenous o...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0024-3205(03)00480-6
更新日期：2003-08-08 00:00:00
abstract：:Polyamines (spermidine, spermine and putrescine) inhibited the adenylate cyclase activity in a concentration dependent manner in human erythrocyte plasma membranes. Spermidine (Spd) exhibited more inhibitory effect than spermine (Spm) and putrescine (Put). On the contrary, the addition of amino acids (arginine, glutam...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0024-3205(90)90055-v
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It was demonstrated in the previous study that the microinjection of antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (AS ODN) against mu-opioid receptor (MOR) into periaqueductal gray (PAG) of rat brain selectively decreased the MOR mRNA content in PAG, and the decrease in MOR mRNA content was enhanced by pretreatment of the PAG with ...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0024-3205(01)01009-8
更新日期：2001-04-06 00:00:00
abstract：:Obesity is caused by energy imbalance and accompanied by adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia. Therefore, both enhancement of adipocyte energy expenditure and inhibition of adipogenesis are viable ways to combat obesity. Using the Ucp1-2A-luciferase reporter animal model previously reported by us as a screening platf...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.lfs.2019.01.047
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Years of researches have demonstrated that the imbalance of Th17 and Tregs contribute to the thyroid autoimmunity and the severity of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). The underlying mechanism comprises inherent genetic predisposition, abnormality of Th17 and Treg related biological molecules, and gut microbiota diso...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.lfs.2017.11.026
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of end stage renal disease in developed countries throughout the world. The imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the antioxidant defense system is the main problem that is responsible for the progression of diabetic kidney disease. In this s...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.lfs.2015.04.018
更新日期：2015-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The important immunological activities of Thymosin alpha 1 (T alpha 1), a peptide derived from the thymus, led to its use in combination therapies in cancer patients. Prothymosin alpha (ProT alpha) is a highly acidic polypeptide, first isolated as the putative precursor of T alpha 1. However ProT alpha is now known to...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0024-3205(96)00157-9
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Brief electrical pulses applied to the rat tail elicit a complex vocal response which includes audible (peeps, chatters) and ultrasonic (USV) components. Aspirin and amitriptyline had no effect on the vocal responses. Morphine showed a dose-dependent and naloxone reversible antinociceptive effect on the 1st and 2nd au...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0024-3205(98)00450-0
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:JM-1232(-) ((-)-3-[2-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-2-oxoethyl]-2-phenyl-3,5,6,7-tetrahydrocyclopenta[f] isoindole-1(2H)-one) is a novel isoindoline compound that acts on benzodiazepine receptors. Clinical trials are being conducted to assess its potential clinical use as an intravenous anesthetic or sedative agent. In ...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.lfs.2009.10.002
更新日期：2009-11-18 00:00:00
abstract：:Tobacco smoke exposure has been shown to inhibit brain and platelet MAO B in animals and in humans. Though the mechanism(s) responsible for MAO B inhibition are not known, studies in rodents have shown that nicotine administration does not inhibit brain MAO B. In this study we investigated whether brain MAO B is also ...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0024-3205(98)00251-3
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Quercetin is a major flavonoid in various plants. It possesses the multiple pharmacological actions like vascular integrity and regulatory action of the blood-brain barrier. AIMS:The present study is focused on evaluating the role of solid lipid nanoparticle of quercetin in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced ...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.lfs.2018.03.010
更新日期：2018-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Abbott-81282 (A-81282) has been identified among a series of related compounds as being a highly potent and selective antagonist of angiotensin receptors. At AT1 receptors of the rabbit aorta, A-81282 exhibited a pA2 of 9.64 (+/- 0.33) vs. angiotensin-II, and demonstrated characteristics consistent with competitive an...
journal_title：Life sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0024-3205(93)90445-9
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
