Current medical treatment of diabetes type 2 and long term morbidity: how to balance efficacy and safety?

Abstract:

:Current medical treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) requires special attention to different comorbidities that often are associated with hyperglycemia, such as overweight or obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, microvascular or macrovascular complications, etc. .. The control of these factors risk to health is as important as the glucose control in diabetes type 2, it is essential for the antidiabetes drugs consider these risk factors. The consensus statement published by the ADA/EASD and AACE emphasizes that the potential effects of antidiabetes medications on CV risk factors besides hyperglycemia (ie, overweight/obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia) should be considered in pharmacotherapy selection. Since T2DM is a progressive disease with worsening HbA1C values over time, monotherapy, even with different agents, will eventually fail to maintain the glycemic target. Because insulin resistance occurs in a variety of organs and tissues, many patients may achieve fasting glycemic control but develop postprandial hyperglycemia. Other issues include the risk for hypoglycaemia or weight gain with traditional glucose-lowering medications. The AACE/ACE algorithm for glycemic control is structured according to categories of HbA1C and suggests an HbA1C goal of =6.5%, although that may not be appropriate for all patients.42 The algorithm recommends monotherapy, dual therapy, or triple therapy based on initial HbA1C level of 6.5% to 7.5%, 7.6% to 9%, and >9% and reserves initiation of insulin therapy until treatment with oral or other injectable agents has failed. GLP-1 receptor agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors are novel options to improve glycemic control and reduce the incidence of weight gain. Combination therapy with newer and traditional agents improves glycemic control with a low incidence of hypoglycemia. :El tratamiento médico actual de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DMT2) requiere una especial atención a las distintas comorbilidades que a menudo aparecen asociados a la hiperglucemia, como por ejemplo el sobrepeso u obesidad, la dislipidemia, la hipertensión, las complicaciones microvasculares o macrovasculares, etc.. El control de estos factores de riesgo para la salud es tan importante como el control de la glucosa en la diabetes tipo 2, por lo que es fundamental que los medicamentos contra la diabetes tengan en cuenta estos factores de riesgo. La declaración de consenso publicado por la ADA (American Diabetes Association) / EASD (European Association for the Study of Diabetes) y la AACE (American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists) hace hincapié en que los efectos potenciales de los medicamentos antidiabéticos sobre los factores de riesgo cardiovascular, el sobrepeso/obesidad, hipertensión y dislipidemia, deben ser considerados en la selección del tratamiento farmacológico. Dado que la DM2 es una enfermedad progresiva con empeoramiento de los valores de HbA1c en el tiempo, la monoterapia, aunque sea con diferentes medicamentos antidiabéticos, a largo plazo será incapaz de mantener el objetivo glucémico. Debido a que la resistencia a la insulina se produce en una gran variedad de órganos y tejidos, muchos pacientes pueden conseguir el control glucémico en ayunas pero desarrollar hiperglucemia postprandial. Además, algunos fármacos llevan asociados riesgos adicionales como hipoglucemia o aumento de peso. La AACE/ACE han establecido un algoritmo para el control glucémico que se estructura de acuerdo a los niveles de HbA1C y sugiere un objetivo para los valores de HbA1C =?de 6,5%, a pesar de que puede no ser apropiado para todos los pacientes. El algoritmo recomienda monoterapia, terapia doble, o triple terapia basada en el nivel inicial de HbA1C de 6,5% a 7,5%, 7,6% a 9%, y > 9% y se reserva el inicio de la terapia con insulina hasta que el tratamiento con agentes orales u otros agentes inyectables no sea efectivo. Los agonistas del receptor de GLP-1 e inhibidores de la DPP-4 son nuevas opciones para mejorar el control glucémico y reducir la incidencia de aumento de peso. La terapia combinada con agentes nuevos y tradicionales mejora el control glucémico con una baja incidencia de hipoglucemia.

journal_name

Nutr Hosp

journal_title

Nutricion hospitalaria

authors

Carrera Boada CA,Martínez-Moreno JM

doi

10.3305/nh.2013.28.sup2.6707

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2013-03-01 00:00:00

pages

3-13

eissn

0212-1611

issn

1699-5198

journal_volume

28 Suppl 2

pub_type

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