Abstract:
:To compare the clinical outcome of treatment of cholera in children with ampicillin, erythromycin or tetracycline, a double-'blind' randomized four-cell trial was carried out in Bangladesh. Ampicillin was chosen as additional therapy for acute respiratory tract infection, present in many subjects with diarrhoea. One hundred and eighty-four children aged 1-5 years who were not wasted, with diarrhoea of duration < 48 h, signs of some or severe dehydration, dark-field stool microscopy demonstrating Vibrio cholerae, and a baseline purging rate > 4 mL/kg/h over 6 h were enrolled in the study. Ampicillin, tetracycline, erythromycin or placebo were given orally every 6 h for 3 d. After 3 d of antibiotic treatment, diarrhoeal stool volume was significantly reduced in all antibiotic groups, with mean volumes per kg body weight as follows: tetracycline, 318 mL (SEM = 50), ampicillin, 335 mL (SEM = 30); erythromycin, 323 mL (SEM = 25); placebo, 498 mL (SEM = 37). Compared to tetracycline, the clinical recovery rates by 96 h were 75% with placebo, 91.3% with ampicillin, and 95.7% with eythromycin. Compared to tetracycline, the total mean times to recovery were increased by 66% with placebo (P < 0.001), 25% with ampicillin (P < 0.017), and 9% with erythromycin (P = 0.37). These results indicated comparable clinical efficacy of tetracycline, ampicillin and erythromycin. We therefore recommend that, unless V. cholerae is resistant, ampicillin should be used as a cost-effective alternative to erythromycin for paediatric cholera, especially in children with concomitant acute respiratory infection.
journal_name
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hygauthors
Roy SK,Islam A,Ali R,Islam KE,Khan RA,Ara SH,Saifuddin NM,Fuchs GJdoi
10.1016/s0035-9203(98)91094-xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-07-01 00:00:00pages
460-2issue
4eissn
0035-9203issn
1878-3503journal_volume
92pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验abstract::Antibody to the repetitive domain of the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite (CS) protein was measured in blood collected over 3 consecutive months from 224 residents of a hyperendemic focus in Thailand. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay incorporating the protein ([NANP]15 + NVDP)2 was used. More than 22% of adu...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0035-9203(90)90256-e
更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A new microplate assay for the determination of activity in vitro against Giardia intestinalis has been developed in which viability is measured by soluble formazan production from a tetrazolium reagent. Metabolic reduction of the latter gives rise to a coloured product which may be determined directly by optical dens...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0035-9203(92)90093-r
更新日期:1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A progressive spastic myelopathy is one of the principal manifestations of the human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1. Recent research is reviewed on the geography and epidemiology of this specific form of tropical spastic paraparesis. First recognized in the Caribbean, Colombia and Japan, it is now also confirmed as ...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0035-9203(93)90467-5
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::During 1997 a large dengue epidemic occurred in Rio Grande do Norte, a State in north-east Brazil. The co-circulation of dengue virus type 1 and dengue virus type 2 was demonstrated by virus isolation in Aedes albopictus clone C6/36 cell-line and by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). IgM capture...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0035-9203(99)90008-1
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objectives of this study were to establish the prevalence of Chagas' disease among HIV seropositive patients and to define the clinical profile of co-infected cases. Cross-sectional study: the prevalence of co-infected subjects was 1.3% and there was no significant difference between co-infected and non co-infecte...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.trstmh.2010.02.004
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::High attack rates, increasing resistance to antibiotics and high mortality make shigellosis a serious problem. As Shigella is associated with poor hygiene we examined the effectiveness of a simple intervention, washing hands with soap and water, in checking the spread of the disease. The study population was comprised...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0035-9203(82)90266-8
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diarrhoeal diseases are a major cause of malnutrition, partly due to poor dietary practices. Misconceptions among the general population and medical personnel lead to withholding of food or avoiding the use of nutritious, locally available and affordable foods. Breast-feeding should not be interrupted during diarrhoea...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0035-9203(91)90138-o
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Defaecation timing of the Triatominae vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi directly affects the transmission probability of Chagas disease to mammal hosts. Experimental studies with fifth instar nymphs of Triatoma infestans showed that defaecation time was negatively affected by blood meal size and positively affected by star...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0035-9203(91)90462-8
更新日期:1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Blood pressure, heart rate and electrocardiographic responses to exercise were compared in a group of 125 subjects with antibodies to Trypanosoma cruzi and in 153 seronegative subjects, randomly selected from persons with no evidence of heart disease in a resting electrocardiogram during a cross-sectional survey among...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0035-9203(90)90081-o
更新日期:1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Despite the widespread use of multidrug therapy, leprosy remains an important public health concern in many regions. Detection is generally limited to clinical exam. METHODS:As a two-tiered active case finding strategy, we used the LID-1 (leprosy IDRI diagnostic-1), and PADL (protein advances for the diagno...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/trstmh/tru093
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The nutritional status, parasitic infections and general health of 801 male roadworkers living in four different areas of Kenya, namely, the highlands, coastal lowlands, Lake Victoria basin and the semiarid north-west, were investigated. Undernutrition was common in all areas but was most marked among men in the semi-...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0035-9203(82)90093-1
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We describe here a method, potentially suitable for field applications, for semi-quantitative detection of Mycobacterium leprae antigens in skin scrapings, which are taken normally for smear microscopy. Thirty acid-fast bacilli-negative paucibacillary (PB) leprosy patients comprised the main study group; eight acid-fa...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.trstmh.2007.02.026
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cholera remains a grave public health problem in Africa. It is endemic with seasonal variations around the central African Great Lakes. Along the coasts, it occurs mostly in rapidly expanding epidemics, with intercalated 3-5 year lull-periods. Case-fatality ratios remain high at 2–5% against the global declining trend...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/trstmh/tru077
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies delineating bacterial causes of fever in rural Asia indicate a major role for several previously under-recognized pathogens, including Rickettsia and Leptospira. The use of blood culture for the first time to investigate patients with febrile illness in rural Asia has also revealed some unexpected findi...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.trstmh.2007.06.004
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The small size of their genomes made bacterial ideal model organisms for the emerging field of genomics. Elucidating the genome sequences of mycobacteria was particularly attractive owing to the difficulties inherent in their manipulation. The slow growth rate, clumping, and requirement for category III containment ma...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0035-9203(02)90222-1
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To determine the role of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in the aetiology of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Zimbabwe, HCV antibodies (anti-HCV) were determined in sera from 63 HCC patients using a second generation enzyme immunoassay. Anti-HCV was found in 15 patients (23.8%), 12 of whom (80%) were males. The mea...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0035-9203(97)90029-8
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The activities of serum and urinary alpha-esterases were studied in 49 bilharzial bladder cancer patients, 92 bilharzial patients with other, different, urologic diseases and 22 normal healthy controls. Among the group studied, the bilharzial bladder cancer patients showed the highest level of urinary-alpha-esterases ...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0035-9203(78)90176-1
更新日期:1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mefloquine is an antimalarial drug with a 3-week elimination half-life, which has led to concerns that toxic accumulation may occur during weekly administration for long-term malaria chemoprophylaxis. Despite the endorsement of weekly mefloquine by the World Health Organization and the United States Centers for Diseas...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0035-9203(93)90036-p
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The occurrence of an unexpected side effect following the use of Maloprim (pyrimethamine/dapsone) for malaria chemosuppression in 3-59 months old children in Sierra Leone is reported. As part of a trial of chemoprophylaxis and insecticide-impregnated bed nets, 2000 children received either Maloprim or placebo; 4% of c...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/s0035-9203(97)90225-x
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Foreign-born populations carry a significant TB burden in low-prevalence countries, composing over half of all cases in parts of Europe and North America. This study systematically reviewed evidence of risk factors for nonadherence to TB drug therapy in this group. METHODS:On 28 October 2013 MEDLINE, CINAHL...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/trstmh/trw025
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A man bitten by a large coral snake (Micrurus lemniscatus helleri) in the Amazon basin of Ecuador developed persistent excruciating pain in the bitten arm. On admission to hospital less than 30 min later, he had a polymorphonuclear leucocytosis, thrombocytopenia and mildly prolonged prothrombin time/partial thrombopla...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.03.026
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clinical characteristics of patients with falciparum malaria, as well as sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine and mefloquine, were investigated in 2 distinct strata within the same geographical area of the Amazon Basin. One stratum was the population living along the road, the other that living along th...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0035-9203(89)90625-1
更新日期:1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:Background:HIV-associated TB is a serious public health problem in Myanmar. Study objectives were to describe national scale-up of collaborative activities to reduce the double burden of TB and HIV from 2005 to 2016 and to describe TB treatment outcomes of individuals registered with HIV-associated TB in 2015 in the Ma...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/trstmh/trx073
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The majority of deaths from cerebral malaria occur within 48 h after admission to hospital. Because of the possibility of inadequate treatment within this period, the use of a loading dose of quinine has been proposed. We reviewed clinical and laboratory data for 113 children with cerebral malaria, who were treated wi...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/s0035-9203(98)91032-x
更新日期:1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The precise function of Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein II (HRPII) is not known, but in vitro studies have indicated its immunomodulatory function. The host immune response to HRPII was measured and compared with the response to P. falciparum merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP1) in four groups of study subj...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.trstmh.2010.01.002
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three apparently immunocompetent patients died in the intensive care unit at Loni Hospital, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India, between 2001 and 2006 due to multiorgan failure and Strongyloides stercoralis septicaemia following a short course of corticosteroid (prednisolone) therapy of 6-17 days for peripheral blood eosin...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.trstmh.2007.05.021
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Considerable evidence documents the importance of co-factors, including the immune response, in expression of oncogenicity of tumour viruses. To determine whether a common protozoal infection that can depress lymphocyte function alters manifestations of oncogenic virus infection, a mouse model of Toxoplasma infection ...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0035-9203(85)90116-6
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Bacteria are sources of numerous molecules used in treatment of infectious diseases. We investigated effects of molecules produced by 26 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains against infection of mammalian cell cultures with Trypanosoma cruzi, the aetiological agent of Chagas disease. METHODS:Vero cells were infec...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/trstmh/trz136
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Preventive chemotherapy (PC), the large-scale administration of anthelminthics, is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the control of soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH). Since 2010, donated anthelminthics for STH have boosted the implementation of PC programmes in children, achieving glo...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/trstmh/trx082
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eight weeks following infection with Schistosoma mansoni ICR strain mice showed much more marked hepatic fibrosis than did C57BL/6 mice or hamsters. None the less, extracts of the hepatic granulomata of these animals had similar fibroblast stimulating activity when assayed in vitro. ...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0035-9203(85)90369-4
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00