Abstract：
:High attack rates, increasing resistance to antibiotics and high mortality make shigellosis a serious problem. As Shigella is associated with poor hygiene we examined the effectiveness of a simple intervention, washing hands with soap and water, in checking the spread of the disease. The study population was comprised of confirmed cases of shigellosis. These and matched controls were followed up for 10 days. Several pieces of soap and earthenware pitchers for storing water were provided to the study families and they were advised to wash their hands with soap and water after defaecation and before meals. Compliance was monitored daily by observing the size of the soap and residual water. Rectal swabs of contacts of both the groups were obtained for culture. The secondary infection rate was 10.1% in the study group and 32.4% in the control group. The secondary case (symptomatic) rate was 2.2% in the study group and 14.2% in the control group. These results suggest that hand-washing has a positive interrupting effect, even in unsanitary environments.
journal_name
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hygauthors
Khan MUdoi
10.1016/0035-9203(82)90266-8subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1982-01-01 00:00:00pages
164-8issue
2eissn
0035-9203issn
1878-3503journal_volume
76pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Skin disease is among the most frequent causes of morbidity in Ethiopia, showing high prevalence in the general population and being the sixth most frequent cause of outpatient visits nationwide to health facilities. This study was aimed at describing skin disease patterns in Tigray region, northern Ethiopia through a...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.11.028
更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG; beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase; EC 3.2.1.30), blood urea, serum creatinine and creatinine clearance were measured in 23 patients bitten by Russell's viper (Daboia russelii siamensis), with systemic envenomation, at different time intervals after the bite during clinical obse...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0035-9203(96)90125-x
更新日期：1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study was conducted to reassess the risk factors for giardiasis in communities of the Orang Asli (indigenous people) in Pahang, Malaysia. Stool samples were collected from 321 individuals (2-76 years old; 160 males, 161 females). Data were collected via laboratory analysis of faecal samples and a pre-tested stand...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.02.004
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A range of animal models of Burkholderia pseudomallei infection have been reported, and the host species differ widely both in their susceptibility to infection and in the pathogenesis of disease. In mice, and depending on the route of infection, dose, and mouse strain, the disease can range from a chronic, and in som...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0035-9203(08)70026-9
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We report the case of a Colombian immunosuppressed migrant hospitalized in France with fever, dry cough and altered general health. Results of blood culture and bronchoalveolar lavage led to the diagnosis of the first reported case of concomitant disseminated histoplasmosis and pulmonary coccidioidomycosis in an HIV-i...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.trstmh.2005.03.003
更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The clinical occurrence of Pneumocystis carinii and Mycobacterium tuberculosis was investigated in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who had clinical pneumonia of unknown aetiology in Lusaka, Zambia. The results were compared with a similar group of patients in Stockholm, Sweden. Induced sputum...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(89)90290-3
更新日期：1989-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An outbreak of typhoid due to multi-drug resistant Salmonella typhi is reported from Pondicherry, India. While the average prevalence of drug resistant strains in 1980-1988 had been 11.7%, it increased to 52% in 1989-1990. The majority of strains (80.8%) were resistant to chloramphenicol, streptomycin, tetracycline an...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(92)90573-u
更新日期：1992-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The immune response in a 49-year-old Italian nun affected by Tetrapetalomena (Dipetalonema) perstans following an eight-year stay in Cameroon is reported. On admission the patient presented with polyarthralgia, conjunctival pruritus and irritation, oedema of the limbs, generalized itching, hypereosinophilia and low to...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(84)90069-5
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:TB remains a very significant global health burden. There is an urgent need for better tools for TB control, which include an effective vaccine. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), the currently licensed vaccine, confers highly variable protection against pulmonary TB, the main source of TB transmission. Replacing BCG com...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/trstmh/tru206
更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Potential multiple opportunistic infections in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) cause the clinician considerable problems. Firstly there is the problem of the correct diagnosis of which organism is producing symptoms and there is the possibility of more than one organism being responsible. ...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(90)90452-k
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The differentiation of malaria from other causes of fever in the absence of microscopy is notoriously difficult. Clinical predictors of malaria have been studied in an area of low and unstable transmission on the western border of Thailand. In 1527 children aged 2-15 years who were followed prospectively for 7 months,...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0035-9203(98)90950-6
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We performed pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (XbaI) on 114 bloodstream isolates of Salmonella enterica serotype Paratyphi A and S. enterica serotype Typhi collected from febrile patients in Kathmandu, Nepal. Of the 56 S. Paratyphi A isolates, 51 (91%) were indistinguishable, which suggests the emergence of a single c...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.trstmh.2005.12.011
更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Achromobacter xylosoxidans is described as being resistant to antiseptics and disinfectants. We studied in vitro the ability of five strains to survive and grow in such solutions, with and without starvation. METHODS:Bacterial suspensions in rich media and in distilled water were inoculated into eight antis...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1093/trstmh/trz016
更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An outbreak of acute diarrhoeal disease in a village in southern India was investigated through personal interviews of all households. Maps were drawn using geographic information system (GIS) tools of the water supply system, sewage channels and areas with observed faecal contamination of soil within and around the v...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.trstmh.2006.11.005
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is a high prevalence of primary liver cell carcinoma in the Guinea Savanna country of Nigeria, one of the highest frequencies in the world. The highest frequency of the tumour was among males aged 20 to 49 years. The clinical and laboratory findings are similar to those found in other series in Africa. Alpha1-fo...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(77)90114-6
更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:As reduced red cell deformability (RCD) can contribute to derangement of the microcirculation, a central feature in the pathogenesis of severe malaria, RCD was measured with a laser diffraction technique in 232 consecutive patients with falciparum malaria on the Kenyan coast, of whom 99 had severe disease. RCD on admi...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0035-9203(02)90100-8
更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have studied the distribution of rheumatoid factor isotypes amongst patients with loiasis with and without accompanying glomerulonephritis to determine the possible role of rheumatoid factor antiglobulins in this disease. Our findings indicate an increase in both immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgM rheumatoid factor isot...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(92)90183-d
更新日期：1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Experiments in 3 weeks old albino mice with Toxocara canis and sublethal infection with JE virus established a marked synergestic effect in dually infected mice. The results are discussed to indicate the possible role of visceral larva migrans in creating exploxive outbreaks of "acute encephalopathy syndrome" in indiv...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(75)90018-8
更新日期：1975-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rotavirus was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in faecal specimens collected from two (1.35%) of 148 marsupials trapped in the Amazon jungle environment. The positive samples were both from the "common opossum", Didelphis marsupialis. No infections were found in the stools of 198 animals belonging to othe...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(86)90186-0
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The liver fluke Opisthorchis felineus is a member of the triad of epidemiologically important liver fluke species belonging to the family Opisthorchiidae and the major agent causing opisthorchiasis over a vast territory, covering Russia, Kazakhstan and several European countries. The similarity between the diseases ca...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/trstmh/trv085
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Melioidosis has never been officially reported from Cambodia. Here we report two cases, a 58-year-old male (case 1) and a 49-year-old female (case 2) who presented with respiratory illnesses featuring multiple lung abscesses. The sputum culture of both patients, taken in the framework of a laboratory-based study on ae...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0035-9203(08)70007-5
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A survey for Schistosoma intercalatum conducted in Kinshasa, Zaire, in September 1994 revealed a prevalence of 3.6% (n = 167). Three isolates of schistosomes were made by exposing Bulinus wrighti to miracidia hatched from eggs collected from 2 infected children. Characterization of the isolates by biochemical (isoenzy...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0035-9203(97)90068-7
更新日期：1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this work was to conduct an epidemiological and clinical review of 1126 cases of envenoming by spider recorded in the national notifiable diseases information system (SINAN) files of the Municipal Health Secretary of the Criciúma region, Santa Catarina State, Brazil from 1994 to 2006. This work presents a c...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.trstmh.2009.03.015
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A survey was conducted for serum neutralizing antibodies against 3 members of the Lyssavirus group (rabies, Lagos bat and Mokola viruses) in Nigerian dogs and humans. Of 463 unvaccinated dogs sampled, 142 (30.7%) had antibodies against rabies; 39.2% of the stray dogs were positive. Of 241 dogs tested, 17.4% had antibo...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(90)90103-l
更新日期：1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During 1997 a large dengue epidemic occurred in Rio Grande do Norte, a State in north-east Brazil. The co-circulation of dengue virus type 1 and dengue virus type 2 was demonstrated by virus isolation in Aedes albopictus clone C6/36 cell-line and by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). IgM capture...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0035-9203(99)90008-1
更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The possible depression of cell-mediated immunity by long-term Brugia malayi infection in jirds (Meriones unguiculatus) was investigated. Different groups of infected jirds were sensitized with dinitrofluorobenzene, sheep red blood cells, Dirofilaria immitis adult antigens and B. malayi adult antigens. The 24-hour del...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(80)90070-x
更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Six patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas) were fed a protein-free diet. Sixteen animals of the same species received a standard monkey diet. The protein-depleted patas showed reduced absorption of folic acid but not D-xylose, and 5 out of 6 had a decrease in the exocrine pancreatic function. Animals with reduced folic ac...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(75)90163-7
更新日期：1975-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:30 pairs of patients with complicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria (with anaemia, hyperpyrexia, jaundice or more than 5% of erythrocytes parasitized) were studied. Patients with cerebral signs and symptoms were excluded. One group of patients was treated with oral mefloquine (750 mg) and artemether (600 mg by injecti...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(88)90187-3
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A simple radioisotope scanner was used in a study of liver diseases in The Gambia. Scans were of value in localizing areas for biopsy or aspiration and in defining the liver in the presence of gross ascites. Although the scan was not helpful in diagnosis it provided a measure of the size of filling defects during trea...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(85)90065-3
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Streptococcal infection remains almost the sole cause of the clinical syndrome of acute glomerulonephritis in African children. Evidence for this is in elevated levels of antistreptolysin "O" (ASO) titre in 93% of 28 patients and growth of Group Abeta haemolytic streptococci from the skin and throat in 32%. Spread of ...
journal_title：Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0035-9203(77)90016-5
更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00
