Abstract:
:An outbreak of acute diarrhoeal disease in a village in southern India was investigated through personal interviews of all households. Maps were drawn using geographic information system (GIS) tools of the water supply system, sewage channels and areas with observed faecal contamination of soil within and around the village. Geographic coordinates for each house in the village were extracted from a central database from the healthcare service provider for the village. Geographical clustering of cases was looked for using the SaTScan software, and diarrhoeal disease attack rates were calculated. Diarrhoeal disease occurred uniformly throughout the village without clustering in any area. All ages and both sexes were affected, but extremes of ages were at higher risk. Water samples collected for microbiological examination after instituting control measures showed high coliform counts. Chlorine levels in the water tested were found to be inadequate to decontaminate common pathogens. Local cultural practices such as indiscriminate defecation in public places, washing clothes and cleaning utensils from water taps where the community collected its drinking water, and poor engineering design and maintenance of the water supply system were the risk factors that could have contributed to this outbreak.
journal_name
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hygauthors
Sarkar R,Prabhakar AT,Manickam S,Selvapandian D,Raghava MV,Kang G,Balraj Vdoi
10.1016/j.trstmh.2006.11.005subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-06-01 00:00:00pages
587-93issue
6eissn
0035-9203issn
1878-3503pii
S0035-9203(06)00347-6journal_volume
101pub_type
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journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
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更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::There are conflicting reports on the presence of neurocognitive dysfunction during the initial, medically asymptomatic stage of HIV infection. This study aimed to assess the psychomotor speed and attention ability of antiretroviral treatment-naïve Nigerian Africans with HIV/AIDS and the impact of CD4 levels on their c...
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journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
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journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
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journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
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journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
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journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
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journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
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更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
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journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
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更新日期:1977-01-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
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更新日期:1977-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
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更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Experimental and natural infections of Simulium sanchezi by Mansonella ozzardi were studied in the area of Síquita, Territorio Federal Amazonas, Venezuela. The microfilariae developed synchronously in the blackflies, reaching stage L3 in seven to eight days at temperatures between 23 degrees and 27 degrees C. Larvae i...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The sensitivities for Chagas disease diagnosis of haemoculture, xenodiagnosis, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of Trypanosoma cruzi kinetoplast deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) were compared for 101 patients living in an endemic region who were serologically positive for T. cruzi. PCR gave 60 positive res...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1996-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The sensitivity specificity of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the serodiagnosis of strongyloidiasis has been investigated. 45 men with long-standing strongyloidiasis were compared with the same number of age- and sex-matched control subjects. The ELISA detected antibody in 84% of patients with parasi...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0035-9203(81)90156-5
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) and weight-for-height Z-score (WHZ) identify different populations of children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) with only some degree of overlap. In an urban slum in Bangladesh, we conducted a prospective cohort study on children assessed as being severely malnourished ...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/trstmh/trt018
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intrathecal cytokine levels and blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier function were studied in 91 Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense-infected patients. The CSF concentration of the cellular immune activation marker neopterin and the cytokines IL-6 and IL-10 were increased over control and post-treatment levels in all pa...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::One-third of the world's population burn organic material such as wood, dung or charcoal (biomass fuel) for cooking, heating and lighting. This form of energy usage is associated with high levels of indoor air pollution and an increase in the incidence of respiratory infections, including pneumonia, tuberculosis and c...
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.05.028
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::There are 4 recognized classes of Escherichia coli that cause diarrhoeal disease in humans: enteropathogenic (EPEC), enterotoxigenic (ETEC), enteroinvasive (EIEC), and enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC). Preliminary analysis of enterotoxin production in a rural community in Ghana showed a prevalence of 11.0% LT-ST+, 9....
journal_title:Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0035-9203(88)90173-3
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00