Abstract：
:Additional copies of genes resulting from two whole genome duplications at the base of the vertebrates have been suggested as enabling the evolution of vertebrate-specific structures such as neural crest, a midbrain/hindbrain organizer and neurogenic placodes. These structures, however, did not evolve entirely de novo, but arose from tissues already present in an ancestral chordate. This review discusses the evolutionary history of co-option of old genes for new roles in vertebrate development as well as the relative contributions of changes in cis-regulation and in protein structure. Particular examples are the FoxD, FGF8/17/18 and Pax2/5/8 genes. Comparisons with invertebrate chordates (amphioxus and tunicates) paint a complex picture with co-option of genes into new structures occurring both after and before the whole genome duplications. In addition, while cis-regulatory changes are likely of primary importance in evolution of vertebrate-specific structures, changes in protein structure including alternative splicing are non-trivial.
journal_name
Semin Cell Dev Bioljournal_title
Seminars in cell & developmental biologyauthors
Holland LZdoi
10.1016/j.semcdb.2012.12.007subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-02-01 00:00:00pages
101-9issue
2eissn
1084-9521issn
1096-3634pii
S1084-9521(12)00231-5journal_volume
24pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The immune system plays an indispensable role in the process of tissue regeneration following damage as well as during homeostasis. Inflammation and immune cell recruitment are signs of early onset injury. At the wound site, immune cells not only help to clear debris but also secrete numerous signalling molecules that...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.04.002
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The epithalamus of zebrafish presents the best-studied case of directional asymmetry in the vertebrate brain. Epithalamic asymmetries are coupled to visceral asymmetry and include left-sided migration of a single midline structure (the parapineal organ) and asymmetric differentiation of paired bilateral nuclei (habenu...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2008.11.007
更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Notch signaling pathway is an evolutionarily conserved pathway that is critical for tissue morphogenesis during development, but is also involved in tissue maintenance and repair in the adult. In skeletal muscle, regulation of Notch signaling is involved in somitogenesis, muscle development, and the proliferation ...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2005.07.002
更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cleavage furrow in animal cell cytokinesis is formed by cortical constriction driven by contraction of an actomyosin network activated by Rho GTPase. Although the role of the mitotic apparatus in furrow induction has been well established, there remain discussions about the detailed molecular mechanisms of the cleavag...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.03.006
更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The autophagy pathway known also as macroautophagy (herein referred to as autophagy) is characterized by the formation of double-membrane organelles that capture cytosolic material. Based on pathway termination alternatives, autophagy has been divided into degradative and secretory. During degradative autophagy, autop...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.03.012
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acquisition of the pluripotent state coincides with epigenetic reprogramming of the X-chromosome. Female embryonic stem cells are characterized by the presence of two active X-chromosomes, cell differentiation by inactivation of one of the two Xs, and induced pluripotent stem cells by reactivation of the inactivated X...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2011.02.025
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two neurotrophins and their two receptors appear to regulate the survival of vestibular and cochlear neurons in the developing ear. Mice lacking either brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) or its associated receptor, Trk B, show a severe reduction in the number of vestibular neurons and a loss of all innervation t...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/scdb.1997.0144
更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a neurological condition which affects a large number of individuals worldwide, across all ages. It can lead to major physical, cognitive and psychological impairment, and represents a considerable health cost burden. TBI is a heterogeneous condition and there has been intense effort ov...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.08.004
更新日期：2020-10-06 00:00:00
abstract：:Large-scale identification of elements associated with gene expression revealed that many of them are located extremely far from gene transcriptional start sites. We review here the growing evidence that show that distal cis-acting elements provide key instructions to genes, as genetic variation affecting them is grow...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.06.017
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Both cell cycle progression and the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) that drives it are precisely regulated. Enzymatically, many ubiquitylation and degradation reactions have been characterized in in vitro systems, providing insights into the fundamental mechanisms of the UPS. Biologically, a range of degradation eve...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2012.01.015
更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although largely less numerous and characterized than bacterial secreted effectors, several viral virulence factors are secreted by virus infected cells. However, their mode of secretion only starts to be studied at the molecular level. Several of these viral effectors are secreted using an unconventional secretion pa...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.03.008
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Since their initial discovery in yeast, cyclin-dependent kinases have proven to be universal regulators of the cell cycle in all eukaryotes. In unicellular eukaryotes, cell cycle progression is principally governed by one catalytic subunit (cyclin-dependent kinase) that pairs with cell cycle-specific regulatory subuni...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2005.02.007
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The sympathetic nervous system represents a critical mechanism for homoeostatic blood pressure regulation in humans. This review focuses on age-related alterations in neurocirculatory regulation in men and women by highlighting human studies that examined the relationship between muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSN...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.01.001
更新日期：2021-01-16 00:00:00
abstract：:The extracellular matrix (ECM) of blood vessels, which is composed of both the vascular basement membrane (BM) and the interstitial ECM is identified as a crucial component of the vasculature. We here focus on the unique molecular composition and scaffolding of the capillary ECM, which provides structural support to b...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.08.007
更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Eukaryotic cells have a highly evolved system of protein secretion, and dysfunction in this pathway is associated with many diseases including cancer, infection, metabolic disease and neurological disorders. Most proteins are secreted using the conventional endoplasmic reticulum (ER)/Golgi network and as such, this pa...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.02.022
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rhomboids are conserved intramembrane serine proteases with widespread functions. They were the earliest discovered members of the wider rhomboid-like superfamily of proteases and pseudoproteases. The secretase class of rhomboid proteases, distributed through the secretory pathway, are the most numerous in eukaryotes,...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.07.033
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mammalian spermatogenesis is a tightly coordinated process that gives rise to mature spermatozoa capable of fertilising an ovum during sexual reproduction. A population of stem and progenitor cells known as undifferentiated spermatogonia enables continual spermatogenesis throughout life. A complex transcriptional netw...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.10.006
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During the course of their classic experiments, Hilde Mangold and Hans Spemann discovered that the dorsal blastopore lip of an amphibian gastrula was able to induce formation of a complete embryonic axis when transplanted into the ventral side of a host gastrula embryo. Since then, the inducing activity of the dorsal ...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.05.007
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Yeast prions are atypical genetic elements that are transmitted as heritable protein conformations. [PSI+], [URE3], and [PIN+] are three well-studied prions in the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In the last three years, several additional prions have been reported in yeast, including [SWI+], [OCT+], [MCA], [...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2011.03.003
更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The simple mechanistic and functional division of the kinesin family into either active translocators or non-motile microtubule depolymerases was initially appropriate but is now proving increasingly unhelpful, given evidence that several translocase kinesins can affect microtubule dynamics, whilst non-translocase kin...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2011.09.021
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:When entering tissues, monocytes can differentiate into cells that share morphological and functional features with either dendritic cells (DC) or macrophages. Monocyte-derived DC have been observed in humans at mucosal tissues and in inflammatory settings, where they are usually referred to as «inflammatory DC». In t...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.02.018
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an intracellular compartment devoted to the synthesis, segregation and folding of soluble and membrane secretory proteins. Some mutations in these proteins lead to their incorrect or incomplete folding in the ER. The ER has a quality control system which detects misfolded proteins and...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1006/scdb.1999.0316
更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Conrad Waddington published an influential model for evolution in his 1942 paper, Canalization of Development and Inheritance of Acquired Characters. In this classic, albeit controversial, paper, he proposed that an unknown mechanism exists that conceals phenotypic variation until the organism is stressed. Recent stud...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2003.09.024
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is now well established that the environment to which we are exposed during fetal and neonatal life can have a long-term impact on our health. This has been termed the developmental origins of health and disease. Factors known to have such programming effects include intrauterine nutrient availability (determined b...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.06.006
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Eukaryotic genomes exist in the cell nucleus as an elaborate three-dimensional structure which reflects various nuclear processes such as transcription, DNA replication and repair. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) combined with chromosome conformation capture (3C), referred to as 3C-seq in this article, has recently b...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2011.11.003
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The endocytic pathway is essential for processes that define how cells interact with their environment, including receptor signalling, cell adhesion and migration, pathogen entry, membrane protein turnover and nutrient uptake. The spatial organisation of endocytic trafficking requires motor proteins that tether membra...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.04.011
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Axonal projections between two populations of neurons, which preserve neighborhood relationships, are called topographic. They are ubiquitous in the brain. The development of the retinotectal projection, mapping the retinal output onto the roof of the midbrain, has been studied for decades as a model system. The rigid...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.07.010
更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There has been widespread speculation regarding the possibility of reprogramming human somatic nuclei by transfer into oocytes. Stem cells derived from such reconstructed embryos could theoretically provide a source of autologous tissue for therapeutic transplantation. However the biological, technical and ethical hur...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1006/scdb.1999.0277
更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was originally discovered as an endothelial-specific growth factor. While the predominant role of this growth factor in the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) is unquestioned, recent observations indicate that VEGF also has direct effects on neurons and glial cells,...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1006/scdb.2001.0290
更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A system of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperones has evolved to optimize the output of properly folded secretory and membrane proteins. An important player in this network is Glucose Regulated Protein 94 (GRP94). Over the last decade, new structural and functional data have begun to delineate the unique characteristi...
journal_title：Seminars in cell & developmental biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.semcdb.2010.03.004
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
