Abstract：
:Activated platelets form transient aggregates with monocytes in circulation and have a half-life of approximately 30-60 min. These complexes are increased in various inflammatory conditions and are an early marker of myocardial infarction. HIV-1 infection is associated with chronic inflammation, and increased CD16⁺ inflammatory monocytes have been observed in these individuals, probably as a result of increased interaction with platelets. However, narrow detection period and platelet activation during sample processing pose significant problems in detecting platelet-monocyte complexes (PMCs). A method was standardized addressing these difficulties, to enumerate PMCs involving CD16⁺ or CD16⁻ monocytes in whole blood using flow cytometry. Blood collected from healthy individuals was treated with either collagen (for platelet activation) or LPS (for monocyte activation) and subsequently used to study effect of these treatments on PMC formation. This method was also validated for the ex vivo quantitation of PMCs in blood obtained from persons infected with HIV. The in vitro results demonstrated that platelet activation, but not monocyte activation, resulted in significant increase in PMC formation. There was a significant increase in CD16⁺ PMCs and platelet activation, in samples obtained from persons infected with HIV as compared to those without HIV infection. Furthermore, PMC percentages correlated positively with platelet activation. These findings improve the ability to detect PMCs and shed light on HIV pathogenesis.
journal_name
J Virol Methodsjournal_title
Journal of virological methodsauthors
Singh MV,Davidson DC,Kiebala M,Maggirwar SBdoi
10.1016/j.jviromet.2012.02.005subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-05-01 00:00:00pages
170-6issue
2eissn
0166-0934issn
1879-0984pii
S0166-0934(12)00048-1journal_volume
181pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Tissue culture ID50 and plaque assays for the Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus, using the Spodoptera littoralis cell line HPB-SL, were developed. Direct comparison using these assay methods showed that these cells were as susceptible to infection as the more commonly used Spodoptera frugiperda cell li...
journal_title：Journal of virological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-0934(85)90082-5
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During a 12-month period, two methods for detection of cytomegalovirus (CMV) in 1624 clinical specimens were compared: (1) centrifugal inoculation of MRC-5 cells on coverslips in 24-well plates and staining with a monoclonal antibody to CMV early nuclear antigen after incubation for 40 h (EA assay), and (2) convention...
journal_title：Journal of virological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-0934(87)90082-6
更新日期：1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The fluorescent antibody (FA) test for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-specific IgM antibody was improved by the use of sodium butyrate to induce a higher level of EBV antigen expression in P3HR-1 slide preparations and by removal of rheumatoid factor (RF) and IgG antibodies from test sera by means of adsorption with suspens...
journal_title：Journal of virological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-0934(85)90004-7
更新日期：1985-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) encodes a transcription trans-activator (Tat) with an essential role in the transcriptional elongation of viral RNA based on the viral promoter long terminal repeat (LTR). Tat-mediated transcription is conserved and can be distinguished from host transcription, so it is a therapeutic...
journal_title：Journal of virological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.08.005
更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Photobiotin was used to prepare biotinylated, nonradioactive nucleic acid probes for the detection of the RNA of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) in plant extracts. A 1.7-kb cDNA of the PAV isolate of BYDV in the plasmid pUC8 vector was biotinylated and then used intact or as sonicated double-stranded DNA fragments. S...
journal_title：Journal of virological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-0934(87)90007-3
更新日期：1987-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A large number of Norwalk-like viruses (NLVs) have been identified from stool samples by RT-PCR by amplifying part of the polymerase-coding gene. A set of probes were selected based on sequence analysis of the viruses circulating in Finland during the years 1996-97 for confirmation of the findings by hybridization. A ...
journal_title：Journal of virological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0166-0934(99)00115-9
更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A simplified, alternative method for cloning virus-binding polypeptides (receptor candidates) is described. The method is based on a far-Western assay using purified tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV, Bunyaviridae) for screening a lambda-phage cDNA expression library. The western flower thrips, Frankliniella occide...
journal_title：Journal of virological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0166-0934(00)00143-9
更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Integration of reverse transcribed viral DNA of HIV into host chromosomes is mediated by the viral enzyme, integrase. This enzymatic activity can be monitored in vitro by integration of a small labeled DNA (donor) into a second unlabeled DNA (target). The methodology usually involves isotope labeling and gel electroph...
journal_title：Journal of virological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-0934(96)02033-2
更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A pandemic caused by a novel influenza A virus (H1N1) poses a serious public health threat. In this study, a real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) assay based on the hemagglutinin gene was developed that discriminates the novel H1N1 from swine influenza virus, seasonal H1N1/H3N2 virus and the highly pathogenic ...
journal_title：Journal of virological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jviromet.2009.09.021
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In situ hybridization detection of viral RNAs in formaldehyde-fixed tissue specimens is used frequently to characterize the extent of viral replication within host tissues. The ability to determine the level of expression of viral RNAs in situ is dependent upon many factors including the extent of cross-linking during...
journal_title：Journal of virological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0166-0934(01)00378-0
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A descriptive multivariate assay is described which is suitable to analyze results of a biological experiment with small sample size but high qualitative and quantitative complexity of variables. This type of assay allows evaluation of multiple variables observed in the course of an experimental virus infection (e.g. ...
journal_title：Journal of virological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0166-0934(02)00024-1
更新日期：2002-05-16 00:00:00
abstract：:A rapid and effective ELISA for measuring Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-neutralizing antibodies in human sera was devised to replace the existing cumbersome method involving the inhibition of fetal cord blood B-cell transformation by the virus. The new method will be invaluable for assessing antibody responses in human sub...
journal_title：Journal of virological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0166-0934(98)00054-8
更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Hepadnavirus core protein is a viral structural protein with an N-terminal self-assembling domain and a C-terminal protamine-like arginine-rich domain (ARD). The ARD contains four clusters of arginine residues involved in RNA binding, genome DNA synthesis, and nuclear localization. Characterization of the multi-fu...
journal_title：Journal of virological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jviromet.2009.01.025
更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vaccine manufacturing requires constant analytical monitoring to ensure reliable quality and a consistent safety profile of the final product. Concentration and bioactivity of active components of the vaccine are key attributes routinely evaluated throughout the manufacturing cycle and for product release and dosage. ...
journal_title：Journal of virological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jviromet.2010.01.016
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Marine caliciviruses form a distinct lineage within the genus Vesivirus (family Caliciviridae). This group includes vesicular exanthema of swine virus (VESV) and San Miguel sea lion virus (SMSV) and other related viruses which have been proposed to be marine in origin isolated from a variety of terrestrial and marine ...
journal_title：Journal of virological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jviromet.2006.11.010
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A protocol suitable for the detection of rabies virus and the related European bat lyssaviruses type 1 and 2 is described. In situ hybridisation, employing digoxigenin labelled riboprobes was used for the detection of lyssavirus RNA in mouse-infected brain tissue. The principal advantage of this technique, compared to...
journal_title：Journal of virological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jviromet.2004.06.020
更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dried blood spots (DBS) expedite the collection, storage and shipping of blood samples, thereby facilitating large-scale serologic studies. We evaluated the sensitivity of anti-HCV IgG testing and HCV-RNA quantitation using freshly prepared and stored DBS derived from HCV-infected patients. Protocols for elution were ...
journal_title：Journal of virological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.10.018
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An enzyme-immunoassay (EIA) for antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) was developed. The new test uses undiluted samples, incubated directly into an HBcAg coated well. Three alternative test procedures are possible. The stability of reagents was studied and a preclinical evaluation was performed intramural...
journal_title：Journal of virological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-0934(87)90072-3
更新日期：1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) UL3 protein is a nuclear protein. In this study, the molecular mechanism of the subcellular localization of UL3 was characterized by fluorescence microscopy in living cells. A nuclear localization signal (NLS) and a nuclear export signal (NES) were also identified. UL3 was demonstra...
journal_title：Journal of virological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.08.004
更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In preparation for field trials, a nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) of the pine beauty moth, Panolis flammea, was mass produced in vivo in an alternative (heterologous) host, the cabbage moth, Mamestra brassicae. Simultaneously, Mamestra NPV was also produced in M. brassicae. This homologous NPV/host system was a cons...
journal_title：Journal of virological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-0934(88)90019-5
更新日期：1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Canine Distemper Virus (CDV) is a highly contagious pathogen of dogs that causes severe respiratory, gastrointestinal and nervous signs. Although vaccines have been used to prevent infections, CDV has been reported worldwide, even in vaccinated animals. In the present study, a representative wild type CDV strain (Arg2...
journal_title：Journal of virological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jviromet.2020.113857
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A solid phase reverse passive hemadsorption test (SP-RPHAd) for hepatitis B surface antigen detection is described. It was compared with a commercial reverse passive hemagglutination assay (Hepatest, Wellcome, U.K.). SP-RPHAd is four-fold less expensive than Hepatest and undiluted sera can be used instead of eight-fol...
journal_title：Journal of virological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-0934(87)90115-7
更新日期：1987-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The branched DNA (bDNA) assay for hepatitis B virus (Chiron Corporation Emerville, USA) was investigated by application to HBV-infected patients in Taiwan, where the B and C genotypes of hepatitis B virus are most prevalent. The study group included sera with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and e antigen (HBeAg); ...
journal_title：Journal of virological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0166-0934(01)00335-4
更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) DNA can be detected in different compartments of human milk. A protocol for the preparation of milk whey free of fat and cells for the detection of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) by nested PCR is presented. This is based upon the experience of the separation of more than 200 milk specimens o...
journal_title：Journal of virological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0166-0934(97)00179-1
更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The in vitro syncytium induction capacity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV1) isolates is an important marker in the progression of the disease. Two methods have been widely used to determine the biological phenotype of HIV1. These two methods, the direct MT-2 assay and the supernatant assay, were compared f...
journal_title：Journal of virological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0166-0934(96)02152-0
更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A real-time RT-PCR assay was developed utilizing dual-labeled fluorescent probes binding to VP4 sequence that are specific to the classical (Cl), variant (V) and very virulent (vv) strains of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). The assay was highly sensitive and could detect as little as 3 x 10(2) to 3 x 10(3) cop...
journal_title：Journal of virological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jviromet.2005.03.009
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The results of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and nested polymerase chain reaction (n-PCR) assays for the diagnosis of canine coronavirus (CCV) infection, and the comparison with other diagnostic techniques, such as electron microscopy (EM) and virus isolation using A-72 cell line are reported. The study was carried ...
journal_title：Journal of virological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0166-0934(99)00134-2
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for detection of adenovirus antigen in faecal extracts have been established. A conjugate of rabbit anti-(human) adenovirus immunoglobulin and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) prepared by means of a hetero-bifunctional reagent, N-succinimidyl-3-(2-pyridyldithio) propionate (SPDP), wa...
journal_title：Journal of virological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-0934(86)90007-8
更新日期：1986-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the context of eradication of poliomyelitis the World Health Organization stimulates the development of inactivated polio vaccines based on attenuated virus strains. In addition to vaccine development, tests have to be designed to assess the vaccine quality. An important test is the identification test for poliovir...
journal_title：Journal of virological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.01.026
更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Quantitative real-time PCR is being widely used in the identification of plasma donations that contain high levels of parvovirus B19, to ensure their exclusion from start pools used in the manufacture of plasma derived medicinal products. In this study, the primers and probe of one such published assay, are examined f...
journal_title：Journal of virological methods
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jviromet.2006.09.002
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
