Abstract：
:Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are the founder cells of all gametes. PGCs differentiate from pluripotent epiblasts cells by mesodermal induction signals during gastrulation. Although PGCs are unipotent cells that eventually differentiate into only sperm or oocytes, they dedifferentitate to pluripotent stem cells known as embryonic germ cells (EGCs) in vitro and give rise to testicular teratomas in vivo, which indicates a "metastable" differentiation state of PGCs. We have shown that an appropriate level of phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling, balanced by positive and negative regulators, ensures the establishment of the male germ lineage by preventing its dedifferentiation. Specifically, hyper-activation of the signal leads to testicular teratomas and enhances EGC derivation efficiency. In addition, PI3K/Akt signaling promotes PGC dedifferentiation via inhibition of the tumor suppressor p53, a downstream molecule of the PI3K/Akt signal. On the other hand, Akt activation during mesodermal differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) generates PGC-like pluripotent cells, a process presumably induced through equilibrium between mesodermal differentiation signals and dedifferentiation-inducing activity of Akt. The transfer of these cells to ESC culture conditions results in reversion to an ESC-like state. The interconversion between ESC and PGC-like cells helps us to understand the metastability of PGCs. The regulatory mechanisms of PGC dedifferentiation are discussed in comparison with those involved in the dedifferentiation of testicular stem cells, ESC pluripotency, and somatic nuclear reprogramming.
journal_name
Histol Histopatholjournal_title
Histology and histopathologyauthors
Kimura T,Nakano Tdoi
10.14670/HH-26.643subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-05-01 00:00:00pages
643-50issue
5eissn
0213-3911issn
1699-5848journal_volume
26pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of proteolytic zinc-containing enzymes, which are responsible for the breakdown of the extracellular matrix components in pathological and physiological conditions. They are involved in basement membrane disruption, stroma and blood vessel penetration, metastasis and m...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.14670/HH-21.603
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Endometriosis is a chronic pelvic inflammatory process. Local inflammation is known to play a role in pain and infertility associated with the disease, and may be extensively involved in molecular and cellular processes leading to endometriosis development. In this review, we focus on two inflammatory mediators clearl...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.14670/HH-26.1083
更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A study was undertaken to analyze the spatio-temporal pattern of mesenchymal cell proliferation in the developing palate of quail. Quail embryos were grown in shell-less culture. The developing palates were labelled with 3H-thymidine between culture days 2-6 (which corresponded in vivo incubation days 5-9), and proces...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The presence of the mu-opioid receptor and the type of glycosylation in the third extra-cellular loop of this receptor was investigated in the isthmus of mare oviduct during oestrus by means of immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry combined with enzymatic (N-glycosidase F and O-glycosidase) and chemical (beta-elimin...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.14670/HH-23.555
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In view of the limitations of conventional prognostic factors such as differentiation degree, metastatic lymph nodes, hormonal receptors and others, especially when early lesions are found, additional new markers have been studied, such as gene amplification and cell proliferation index, in order to choose the appropr...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The pathophysiologic mechanism by which chronic hypoxia causes pulmonary hypertension is unknown. If anti-platelet agents, or other pharmacologic interventions, altered the pulmonary vascular changes induced by hypoxia, information concerning the pathogenesis of the pulmonary hypertension or the potential therapeutic ...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of our study was to document whether relationships existed among bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), peripheral nerve and neoplastic lesions of nerve sheath tumors. The mRNA transcriptions of BMP-2, 3, 4 and 5 in 10 cases of schwannoma, three cases of malignant schwannoma and two cases of trigeminal neuralgia ...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.14670/HH-16.1013
更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of our study was to evaluate corneal cell proliferation and apoptosis in cases of granular, macular and lattice dystrophy, and to provide evidence which may help to clarify whether apoptosis is a pathogenic factor in any of these dystrophies. The study group comprised 39 eyes (from 33 patients) which had under...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.14670/HH-22.837
更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is an inherited iron overload disorder characterized by normal iron-driven erythropoiesis and abnormal iron metabolism, leading to excess iron deposited in parenchymal cells of liver, heart, and endocrine glands. Iron hormone, hepcidin, plays a critical role in iron homeostasis through ...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.14670/HH-11-762
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The recent discovery of nitric oxide (NO) as a biological messenger molecule with unique characteristics has opened a new field in pineal research. This free radical gas is synthesized by the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS) from L-arginine. The activation of adrenoreceptors in the membrane of the pinealocytes media...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Thymidine phosphorylase (TP), thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) have been indicated as possible predictive markers for epithelial malignancies. All these three enzymes are actively involved in 5-FU metabolism. In this report, we investigated mRNA expression of these factors with real-...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.14670/HH-19.129
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive loss of retinal ganglion cell axons and their cell bodies in the retina. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is considered to be the major risk factor associated with the development of this neuropathy. Randomized controlled clinical trials have demo...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.14670/HH-22.1399
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Targeting essential cellular pathways that determine neuronal and vascular survival can foster a successful therapeutic platform for the treatment of a wide variety of degenerative disorders in the central nervous system. In particular, oxidative cellular injury can precipitate several nervous system disorders that ma...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.14670/HH-19.495
更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Testis samples were taken from young (3 months), middle-aged (12 months) and aged (24 months) male rats, processed, stained and examined via a light microscope. There were no prominent abnormal germinal epithelium and interstitial tissue. However, the aging process promoted a significant decrease in the mean amount of...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The presence of intestinal metaplasia (IM) 11 years after selective proximal vagotomy (SPV), selective proximal vagotomy with pyloroplasty (SPV + PP) and selective vagotomy with pyloroplasty (SV + PP) was investigated in 38 consecutive patients. IM was significantly more frequent in SPV than in SV + PP, SPV + PP or in...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：
更新日期：1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:TNFalpha exerts apoptosis throughout an intracellular transduction pathway that involves the kinase proteins TRAF-2 (integration point of apoptotic and survival signals), ASK1 (pro-apoptotic protein), MEK-4 (p38 activator and metastasis suppressor gene), JNK (stress mitogen activated protein kinase) and the transcript...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.14670/HH-23.1279
更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Elevated plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. CRP immunoreactive protein is also detected in the lesions of atherosclerosis. However, it is not known whether the CRP contents of atherosclerotic lesions are associated with the initiation and progression...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.14670/HH-27.529
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The study investigated the link between the potentially nephrotoxic levels of aluminium ingested in the natural diet of eucalypt leaves by koalas in the Adelaide Hills, South Australia, and the high incidence of renal failure in koalas within this habitat. Routine histology of kidney specimens revealed no pathologies ...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.14670/HH-19.777
更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mesothelial cells (MC) obtained from the human omentum are a good alternative to the use of endothelial cells (EC) as a covering for vascular prostheses of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), given the antithrombogenic properties and good behavior in vitro of mesothelial cells. We studied the behaviour of mesothelial cell...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:Gastric hyperplastic polyps (GHPs) are the most common polypoid lesion of the stomach, and their malignant potential has been demonstrated. In the present study, we evaluated the mucin phenotypes of GHPs and investigated the relationships among mucin phenotypes and clinical-pathological factors, proliferative acti...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.14670/HH-29.343
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) strains is linked to an increased risk of inflammation and gastric cancer. To investigate the effects of H. pylori on biological characteristics of gastric epithelial cells SGC-7901, derived from human adenocarcinoma, morphological appearances of both the pathogen and the...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.14670/HH-27.1079
更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The FHIT gene encompassing the most active common human fragile region, FRA3B, has been proposed as a tumour suppressor gene for important common human carcinomas. The mechanism in which Fhit protein exerts its tumour suppressor activity is still obscure. To further understand the Fhit function associated with its int...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.14670/HH-21.915
更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To determine the appropriate time for bone reconstruction after irradiation, the healing process after autogenous iliac bone transplantation in the irradiated parietal bone was examined by scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. Bone transplantation was carried out at the second and the fourth weeks after C...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.14670/HH-15.7
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Six 4 month-old beagles were inoculated with Leishmania donovani infantum, three of them intraperitoneally (Group A) and the other three intravenously (Group B). The animals from Group A were killed 109, 433 and 592 days after inoculation and animals from Group B 109, 171 and 334 after inoculation. The liver of each o...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:GLI-similar (Glis) 1-3 proteins constitute a subfamily of the Krüppel-like zinc finger transcription factors that are closely related to the Gli family. Glis1-3 play critical roles in the regulation of a number of physiological processes and have been implicated in several pathologies. Mutations in GLIS2 have been lin...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.14670/HH-25.1481
更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Treatment of neurodegenerative diseases by classical pharmacotherapy is restricted by blood-brain barrier which prevents access to the brain of potentially therapeutic molecules. Recent progress in the knowledge of pathophysiological molecular processes, and in the development of molecular biotechnology have opened th...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.14670/HH-16.883
更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This experiment compared the histological characteristics and distribution of CD3 and CD79a among yak lymph nodes, hemal nodes and spleen. The three organs from ten clinically healthy newborn and adult yaks were studied using histology and immunohistochemistry. The yak hemal nodes, which consisted of blood sinuses, ly...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.14670/HH-18-030
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aims of the present study were to apply the AMG technique for localization of mercury at the light and electron microscopic level in the ovary of crucian carp after exposure to mercuric chloride and to find out if this heavy metal induces expression of caspase-3. Depending on the stage of ovarian follicle developm...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.14670/HH-24.141
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the kidney, prostaglandin (PG) E2 is the main PG, playing important roles in maintaining homeostasis or development of pathological settings. Roles of PGE2 in renal lesions remain to be clarified. The expression patterns of PGE2 synthesis enzymes such as cyclooxygenase (COX)-1, COX-2 and microsomal PGE synthase (mP...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.14670/HH-25.995
更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neurons of the substantia nigra show severe morphological changes in Parkinson's disease. Pathological alterations of cell bodies have been described, whereas those of neuronal processes have hardly been investigated. Golgi impregnation has been the chosen method for demonstrating neuronal processes and dendritic and ...
journal_title：Histology and histopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-07-01 00:00:00
