Abstract：
:Transcription factors represent one of the largest groups of proteins regulated by SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifier) modification, and their sumoylation is usually associated with transcriptional repression. To investigate whether sumoylation plays a general role in regulating transcription in yeast, we determined the occupancy of sumoylated proteins at a variety of genes by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) using an antibody that recognizes the yeast SUMO peptide. Surprisingly, we detected sumoylated proteins at all constitutively transcribed genes tested but not at repressed genes. Ubc9, the SUMO conjugation enzyme, was not present on these genes, but its inactivation reduced SUMO at the constitutive promoters and modestly decreased RNA polymerase II levels. In contrast, activation of the inducible GAL1, STL1, and ARG1 genes caused not only a striking accumulation of SUMO at all three promoter regions, but also recruitment of Ubc9, indicating that gene activation involves sumoylation of promoter-bound factors. However, Ubc9 inactivation, while reducing sumoylation at the induced promoters, paradoxically resulted in increased transcription. Providing an explanation for this, the reduced sumoylation impaired the cell's ability to appropriately shut off transcription of the induced ARG1 gene, indicating that SUMO can facilitate transcriptional silencing. Our findings thus establish unexpected roles for sumoylation in both constitutive and activated transcription, and provide a novel mechanism for regulating gene expression.
journal_name
Genes Devjournal_title
Genes & developmentauthors
Rosonina E,Duncan SM,Manley JLdoi
10.1101/gad.1917910subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-06-15 00:00:00pages
1242-52issue
12eissn
0890-9369issn
1549-5477pii
gad.1917910journal_volume
24pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Genome integrity is constantly monitored by sophisticated cellular networks, collectively termed the DNA damage response (DDR). A common feature of DDR proteins is their mobilization in response to genotoxic stress. Here, we outline how the development of various complementary methodologies has provided valuable insig...
journal_title：Genes & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1101/gad.2021311
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pax3 is a key transcription factor implicated in development and human disease. To dissect the role of Pax3 in myogenesis and establish whether it is a repressor or activator, we generated loss- and gain-of-function alleles by targeting an nLacZ reporter and a sequence encoding the oncogenic fusion protein PAX3-FKHR i...
journal_title：Genes & development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1101/gad.281203
更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A transgenic mouse model for retinoblastoma was produced previously by directing SV40 T antigen expression to retinal photoreceptor cells using the promoter of the interstitial retinol-binding protein (IRBP) gene. This gene becomes active prior to the terminal differentiation of photoreceptors. Because T antigen-trans...
journal_title：Genes & development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1101/gad.8.11.1300
更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Extensive DNA elimination via a DNA breakage and rejoining process occurs during macronuclear development in the hypotrich ciliate Euplotes crassus. The excision process involves the removal of short, unique segments of DNA (internal eliminated sequences; IESs) and at least two highly repetitive families of transposon...
journal_title：Genes & development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1101/gad.7.1.84
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The cJun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) is implicated in diet-induced obesity. Indeed, germline ablation of the murine Jnk1 gene prevents diet-induced obesity. Here we demonstrate that selective deficiency of JNK1 in the murine nervous system is sufficient to suppress diet-induced obesity. The failure to increase body mas...
journal_title：Genes & development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1101/gad.1878510
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mammalian cells possess two amino acid-sensing kinases: general control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2) and mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). Their combined effects orchestrate cellular adaptation to amino acid levels, but how their activities are coordinated remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate...
journal_title：Genes & development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1101/gad.269324.115
更新日期：2015-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The molecular mechanisms driving brain development at risk in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) remain mostly unknown. Previous studies have implicated the transcription factor FOXP1 in both brain development and ASD pathophysiology. However, the specific molecular pathways both upstream of and downstream from FOXP1 ar...
journal_title：Genes & development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1101/gad.305037.117
更新日期：2017-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous work has shown that rRNA synthesis is strongly inhibited in yeast top1-top2 double mutants. Here, we show that inactivation of yeast topoisomerases can have paradoxical effects on transcription by RNA polymerase I. For example, transcription of ribosomal minigenes on extrachromosomal plasmids is greatly stimu...
journal_title：Genes & development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1101/gad.6.7.1332
更新日期：1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The integration of viral DNA into the host genome is an essential step in the retrovirus life cycle. To understand this process better, we have examined the native state of viral DNA in cells acutely infected by murine leukemia virus (MLV), using both a physical assay for viral DNA and a functional assay for integrati...
journal_title：Genes & development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1101/gad.3.4.469
更新日期：1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) emerged as nuclear transport channels in eukaryotic cells ∼1.5 billion years ago. While the primary role of NPCs is to regulate nucleo-cytoplasmic transport, recent research suggests that certain NPC proteins have additionally acquired the role of affecting gene expression at the nuclear ...
journal_title：Genes & development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1101/gad.280941.116
更新日期：2016-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The mammary tumor-associated proto-oncogene Wnt-1/int-1 encodes a secreted protein implicated in the regulation of neural development in vertebrates and segmental pattern in Drosophila. Using a PCR-based strategy, we isolated cDNAs encoding six novel, related proteins that are expressed in fetal mice. Predicted protei...
journal_title：Genes & development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1101/gad.4.12b.2319
更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ssn6-Tup1 regulates multiple genes in yeast, providing a paradigm for corepressor functions. Tup1 interacts directly with histones H3 and H4, and mutation of these histones synergistically compromises Ssn6-Tup1-mediated repression. In vitro, Tup1 interacts preferentially with underacetylated isoforms of H3 and H4, sug...
journal_title：Genes & development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1101/gad.829100
更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The control of translation and mRNA degradation is an important part of the regulation of gene expression. It is now clear that small RNA molecules are common and effective modulators of gene expression in many eukaryotic cells. These small RNAs that control gene expression can be either endogenous or exogenous micro ...
journal_title：Genes & development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1101/gad.1399806
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The allosteric and torpedo models have been used for 30 yr to explain how transcription terminates on protein-coding genes. The former invokes termination via conformational changes in the transcription complex and the latter proposes that degradation of the downstream product of poly(A) signal (PAS) processing is imp...
journal_title：Genes & development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1101/gad.332833.119
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The gene encoding yeast U6 snRNA that is transcribed by RNA polymerase III (Pol III) contains both a TATA box upstream of the transcription start site and a downstream binding site for the factor TFIIIC. This juxtaposition of elements typical of both Pol II- and Pol III-transcribed genes raises the question of how pol...
journal_title：Genes & development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1101/gad.9.7.832
更新日期：1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cap-dependent translation is mediated by eIF4F, a protein complex composed of three subunits as follows: eIF4E, which recognizes the mRNA 5' cap structure; eIF4A, an RNA-helicase; and eIF4G, a scaffolding protein that binds eIF4E, eIF4A, and the eIF4E-kinase Mnk1 simultaneously. eIF4E is hypophosphorylated and cap-dep...
journal_title：Genes & development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1101/gad.889201
更新日期：2001-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Amplification of 8p11-12 in human breast cancers is associated with increased proliferation and tumor grade and reduced metastasis-free patient survival. We identified Zeppo1 (zinc finger elbow-related proline domain protein 1) (FLJ14299/ZNF703) within this amplicon as a regulator of cell adhesion, migration, and prol...
journal_title：Genes & development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1101/gad.1998111
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We isolated a novel bHLH protein gene Mesp2 (for mesoderm posterior 2) that cross-hybridizes with Mesp1 expressed in the early mouse mesoderm. Mesp2 is expressed in the rostral presomitic mesoderm, but down-regulated immediately after the formation of the segmented somites. To determine the function of MesP2 protein (...
journal_title：Genes & development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1101/gad.11.14.1827
更新日期：1997-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The RNA polymerase II core promoter is a structurally and functionally diverse transcriptional module. RNAi depletion and overexpression experiments revealed a genetic circuit that controls the balance of transcription from two core promoter motifs, the TATA box and the downstream core promoter element (DPE). In this ...
journal_title：Genes & development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1101/gad.1681808
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Histone post-translational modifications regulate chromatin structure and function largely through interactions with effector proteins that often contain multiple histone-binding domains. While significant progress has been made characterizing individual effector domains, the role of paired domains and how they functi...
journal_title：Genes & development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1101/gad.220467.113
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We used Sarkosyl to analyze steps along the pathway of transcription initiation by RNA polymerase III. Sarkosyl (0.015%) inhibited transcription when present prior to incubation of RNA polymerase III, TFIIIB, and TFIIIC with the VAI gene, whereas it had no detectable effect on initiation or reinitiation of transcripti...
journal_title：Genes & development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1101/gad.4.4.646
更新日期：1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this issue of Genes & Development, Dowen and colleagues (pp. 1515-1528) elegantly unify two previously unconnected aspects of physiology. The investigators provide significant genetic evidence to support a critical link between developmental timing decisions and the regulation of lipid mobilization at the transitio...
journal_title：Genes & development
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1101/gad.285460.116
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Glucose and glutamine serve as the two primary carbon sources in proliferating cells, and uptake of both nutrients is directed by growth factor signaling. Although either glucose or glutamine can potentially support mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle integrity and ATP production, we found that glucose depriv...
journal_title：Genes & development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1101/gad.1985910
更新日期：2010-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The empty spiracles (ems) homeo box gene is required for the development of the Drosophila larval filzkörper, which are structural specializations of the eighth abdominal segment. Filzkörper development is also dependent on the function of the homeotic selector gene Abdominal-B (Abd-B). Here, we show that ems is a dow...
journal_title：Genes & development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1101/gad.7.2.229
更新日期：1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We characterized a gene, extradenticle, which seems to interact with a specific subset of Drosophila homeo domain proteins, possibly affecting their target specificity. This interpretation is based on an examination of the zygotic and maternal effect phenotypes of extradenticle mutations. In embryos with reduced level...
journal_title：Genes & development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1101/gad.4.7.1209
更新日期：1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gene silencing by double-stranded RNA is a widespread phenomenon called RNAi, involving homology-dependent degradation of mRNAs. Here we show that RNAi is established in the Drosophila female germ line. mRNA transcripts are translationally quiescent at the arrested oocyte stage and are insensitive to RNAi. Upon oocyte...
journal_title：Genes & development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1101/gad.990802
更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The third-chromosome mutation Killer of prune (K-pn) causes no phenotype by itself, but causes lethality in individuals homozygous for the nonlethal X-chromosome mutation prune (pn). We have recovered 12 gamma-ray-induced revertants of Killer of prune. All of the revertants fail to complement a recessive cell lethal m...
journal_title：Genes & development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1101/gad.2.10.1333
更新日期：1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ribonucleotide reductase activity is essential for progression through the cell cycle, catalyzing the rate-limiting step for the production of deoxyribonucleotides needed for DNA synthesis. The enzymatic activity of the enzyme fluctuates in the cell cycle with an activity maximum in S phase. We have identified and cha...
journal_title：Genes & development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1101/gad.4.5.740
更新日期：1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:TFIID is a multisubunit protein containing the TATA box-binding polypeptide (TBP) and associated factors (TFIID-TAFs) required for activated transcription by RNA polymerase II. TBPs from different eukaryotes contain a highly conserved carboxy-terminal domain and very divergent amino-terminal domains. Earlier studies p...
journal_title：Genes & development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1101/gad.7.2.180
更新日期：1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Regions on the surface of human TATA-box binding protein (TBP) required for activated transcription in vivo were defined by construction of a library of 89 surface residue mutants with radical substitutions that were assayed for their ability to support activated transcription in vivo, basal transcription in vitro, an...
journal_title：Genes & development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1101/gad.10.19.2491
更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00
