Abstract：
BACKGROUND:The aim of this study was to estimate both the direct and indirect annual costs of treating bacterial conjunctivitis (BC) in the United States. This was a cost of illness study performed from a U.S. healthcare payer perspective. METHODS:A comprehensive review of the medical literature was supplemented by data on the annual incidence of BC which was obtained from an analysis of the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) database for the year 2005. Cost estimates for medical visits and laboratory or diagnostic tests were derived from published Medicare CPT fee codes. The cost of prescription drugs was obtained from standard reference sources. Indirect costs were calculated as those due to lost productivity. Due to the acute nature of BC, no cost discounting was performed. All costs are expressed in 2007 U.S. dollars. RESULTS:The number of BC cases in the U.S. for 2005 was estimated at approximately 4 million yielding an estimated annual incidence rate of 135 per 10,000. Base-case analysis estimated the total direct and indirect cost of treating patients with BC in the United States at $ 589 million. One- way sensitivity analysis, assuming either a 20% variation in the annual incidence of BC or treatment costs, generated a cost range of $ 469 million to $ 705 million. Two-way sensitivity analysis, assuming a 20% variation in both the annual incidence of BC and treatment costs occurring simultaneously, resulted in an estimated cost range of $ 377 million to $ 857 million. CONCLUSION:The economic burden posed by BC is significant. The findings may prove useful to decision makers regarding the allocation of healthcare resources necessary to address the economic burden of BC in the United States.
journal_name
BMC Ophthalmoljournal_title
BMC ophthalmologyauthors
Smith AF,Waycaster Cdoi
10.1186/1471-2415-9-13subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-11-25 00:00:00pages
13issn
1471-2415pii
1471-2415-9-13journal_volume
9pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：BACKGROUND:To report clinical features and risk factors of post-cataract surgery endophthalmitis (PE) due to Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. METHODS:A retrospective case review from December 10, 2010 to April 7, 2011 was performed at the Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University. Data were collected for surgical details, dis...
journal_title：BMC ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2415-15-14
更新日期：2015-01-24 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Retinal dystrophies display a considerably wide range of phenotypic variability, which can make diagnosis and clinical staging difficult. The aim of the study is to analyze the contribution of retro-mode imaging (RMI) and fundus autofluorescence (FAF) to the characterization of retinal dystrophies. METHODS:...
journal_title：BMC ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2415-12-8
更新日期：2012-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The aim of the study is to investigate risk factors for future falls in subject with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). METHODS:All participants answered the following question at their baseline ophthalmic examination: Have you had any falls in the last year? (Yes/No). All study participants answered the s...
journal_title：BMC ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12886-017-0613-1
更新日期：2017-11-25 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:To analyze the positions of intraocular posterior Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL) and its possible relationship with vault. METHODS:This cross-sectional study included 72 patients with high myopia (134 eyes) who were followed up after phakic intraocular lens implantation. The postoperative time ranged from ...
journal_title：BMC ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12886-018-0783-5
更新日期：2018-05-09 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Outcome measurements currently used in chronic uveitis care fail to cover the full patient perspective. The aim of this study is to develop a conceptual model of the factors that adult patients with chronic uveitis consider to be important when evaluating the impact of their disease and treatment. METHODS:A qu...
journal_title：BMC ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12886-020-01388-y
更新日期：2020-03-30 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Orbital exenteration is a disfiguring procedure that aims to achieve local control. It is commonly a part of the management of malignant orbital tumor which is a life-threatening condition. It is necessary to determine predictive factors associated with overall survival (OS) following orbital exenteration. ...
journal_title：BMC ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12886-018-0850-y
更新日期：2018-07-28 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Adolescent KC is a special segment of the general KC population because an adolescents's eyes are still susceptible to blurred vision and optical defocus during the sensitive period of ocular and visual development. In the present study, we evaluated the ocular dimensions of 53 KC adolescents. METHODS:One h...
journal_title：BMC ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12886-018-0713-6
更新日期：2018-02-13 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The aim of this study was to prove the relationship between the intraocular straylight level and diabetic retinopathy (DR) according to disease severity. Also, we aimed to evaluate whether diabetes mellitus (DM) per se could be a risk factor of increased intraocular straylight although we did not rely on a d...
journal_title：BMC ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12886-015-0120-1
更新日期：2015-10-13 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The aim of this study was to determine the interocular differences in the peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL), peripapillary choroidal thickness (PCT) and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) in healthy adults with isometropia, using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI SD-OCT)...
journal_title：BMC ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12886-016-0361-7
更新日期：2016-10-19 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PXS) is the most common identifiable cause of secondary glaucoma, the prevalence of which varies considerably among different ethnicities. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of pseudoexfoliation syndrome in Pakistan. METHODS:A prospective study conducted in the pe...
journal_title：BMC ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2415-6-27
更新日期：2006-06-22 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To report a case of atypical herpes simplex keratitis initially diagnosed as bacterial keratitis, in a contact lens wearer. RESULTS:Case report of an 18-year-old woman using contact lenses who presented with pain, redness and gradual decrease in vision in the right eye. Examination revealed a paracentral large...
journal_title：BMC ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2415-1-1
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:To report patients with age-related macular degeneration and atypical central retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) defects not attributable to geographic atrophy (GA) or RPE-tears with overlying preserved photoreceptor layers. METHODS:Multimodal imaging case-series evaluating the course of atypical RPE- defects...
journal_title：BMC ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1186/s12886-017-0452-0
更新日期：2017-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:To evaluate the structural changes associated with visual acuity (VA) in patients with idiopathic macular telangiectasia (MT) type 1 using multimodal imaging modalities. METHODS:A retrospective study of 14 patients with MT type 1 and of 10 eyes from 10 healthy individuals as age-matched controls was conduct...
journal_title：BMC ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12886-018-0737-y
更新日期：2018-03-05 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:To determine the rate of glaucoma following congenital cataract surgery at Moorfields Eye Hospital (MEH), and to investigate potential risk factors for glaucoma in our case series. METHODS:A retrospective case notes review was undertaken of all congenital cataract lensectomies performed at MEH between 1994 ...
journal_title：BMC ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2415-7-13
更新日期：2007-09-11 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:To understand the clinical and economic outcomes of treatments for managing complications of ischemic central retinal vein occlusion (iCRVO). METHODS:We conducted a systematic literature review by searching multiple databases and ophthalmology conferences from 2004 to 2015. Studies published in English lang...
journal_title：BMC ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1186/s12886-016-0282-5
更新日期：2016-07-11 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:To investigate the clinical relevance of two different preservative formulations, we compared 1-year incidence rates of additional coding of dry eye, ocular infection, or ocular surface disease (either dry eye or ocular infection) in open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension patients newly treated with lat...
journal_title：BMC ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2415-11-14
更新日期：2011-06-14 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Optical coherence tomography angiography is a novel imaging technique that allows dyeless in vivo visualization of the retinal and choroidal vasculature. The purpose of this study was to describe optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography findings in patients with retinal arterial macroaneurysms (RAMs). ...
journal_title：BMC ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12886-016-0293-2
更新日期：2016-07-22 00:00:00
abstract：:Mucins locate to the apical surfaces of all wet-surfaced epithelia including ocular surface. The functions of the mucins include anti-adhesive, lubrication, water retention, allergens and pathogen barrier function. Ocular surface pathologies, i.e. dry eye syndrome or allergic conjunctivitis, are reportedly associated ...
journal_title：BMC ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1186/s12886-015-0137-5
更新日期：2015-12-17 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Currently, various types of toric intraocular lenses (IOL) have been manufactured and can be divided into three types according to the location of correction component; front-toric IOL (correction on anterior IOL surface), back-toric IOL (correction on posterior IOL surface), and bi-toric IOL (correction on ...
journal_title：BMC ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12886-020-01439-4
更新日期：2020-04-28 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Endogenous endophthalmitis could lead to a devastating outcome without a prompt and appropriate management. We report a case of advanced endogenous Klebsiella pneumoniae endophthalmitis with extensive subretinal abscess that was successfully treated with a vitrectomy. CASE PRESENTATION:A systemically well 6...
journal_title：BMC ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12886-018-0908-x
更新日期：2018-09-05 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Although the association between metabolic syndrome and intraocular pressure is well known, the relationship between the intraocular pressure and different combination of the components of metabolic syndrome has not been actively researched yet. The study aimed to investigate the relationship between the int...
journal_title：BMC ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12886-016-0263-8
更新日期：2016-06-06 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Characterization of the neuro-glial profile of cells growing out of human idiopathic epiretinal membranes (iERMs) and testing their proliferative and pluripotent properties ex vivo is needed to better understand the pathogenesis of their formation. METHODS:iERMs obtained during uneventful vitrectomies were ...
journal_title：BMC ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2415-14-165
更新日期：2014-12-23 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Combined branch retinal artery and central retinal vein occlusion is a rare condition that has been infrequently reported. This case report, aside from reporting the above-mentioned condition, highlights the importance of performing spectral domain optical coherence tomography in establishing a complete diag...
journal_title：BMC ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2415-14-91
更新日期：2014-07-12 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) is one of the most common eye infections worldwide. The analysis of clinical manifestations in different age groups help better know the disease. This study aims to provide more detailed analysis of 272 cases of EKC in 8 years, describe the differences of the clinical feat...
journal_title：BMC ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12886-019-1266-z
更新日期：2019-12-19 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The influence of serous retinal detachment (SRD) on retinal sensitivity in patients with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) and macular edema remains unclear. This is despite the frequent co-existence of SRD and cystoid macular edema (CME) in BRVO patients on optical coherence tomography (OCT) and the fact...
journal_title：BMC ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2415-11-29
更新日期：2011-09-26 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Raised intraocular pressure (IOP) is the only causal risk factor for glaucoma that can be therapeutically manipulated to change the course of the disease process. Though Goldman applanation tonometry (GAT) is the "gold standard" for IOP measurement, readings of IOP with GAT are affected by central corneal th...
journal_title：BMC ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1186/1471-2415-12-58
更新日期：2012-11-27 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The effectiveness of ranibizumab in the treatment of diabetic macular edema has been proven with large clinical trials. For bevacizumab only two clinical trials have been published and a head-to-head comparison is lacking to date. However, if proved non-inferior to ranibizumab, use of the off-label bevacizum...
journal_title：BMC ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1186/s12886-015-0043-x
更新日期：2015-07-07 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Primary lacrimal sac melanoma is an extremely rare condition with fewer than 50 cases reported so far. Clinically, its symptoms resemble those of dacryocystitis, leading to frequent misdiagnosis. During diagnosis, imaging examination is often performed to differentiate tumors from inflammation. In this repor...
journal_title：BMC ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12886-020-01356-6
更新日期：2020-05-14 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:To assess visual outcomes over 24 months in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) who initiated intravitreal aflibercept therapy under a treat-and-extend (TE) regimen in real-world settings. METHODS:In this retrospective, observational, multicentre study in Slovenia, medical reco...
journal_title：BMC ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1186/s12886-018-1005-x
更新日期：2018-12-20 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravitreal conbercept (KH902) as the primary treatment of choroidal neovascularization secondary to punctate inner choroidopathy. METHODS:This study was a retrospective, consecutive, observational case series. We reviewed medical records of 16 eyes (16 patients) with...
journal_title：BMC ophthalmology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12886-017-0481-8
更新日期：2017-06-12 00:00:00
