Abstract：
INTRODUCTION:Tourette syndrome is a neurologic disorder characterized by involuntary vocal and motor tics. It affects around 1 to 2% of school-age children and is the most common movement disorder in paediatric age. Tics are involuntary or semivoluntary, sudden, brief, intermittent, repetitive movements (motor tics) or sounds (phonic tics). It is often associated with psychiatric comorbidities, mainly attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Given its diverse presentation, Tourette's syndrome can almost mimic many hyperkinetic disorders, making the diagnosis challenging at times. DEVELOPMENT:The etiology of this syndrome is thought to be related to basal ganglia dysfunction and many clues have been pursued, both genetic and environmental factors, but no compelling major contribution to the pathogenesis of the disease has yet emerged. Treatment can be behavioural, pharmacologic, or surgical, and is dictated by the most incapacitating symptoms. Alpha-2-adrenergic agonists are the first line of pharmacologic therapy, but dopamine-receptor-blocking drugs are required for multiple, complex tics. Dopamine-receptor-blocking drugs are associated with potential side effects. CONCLUSION:Appropriate diagnosis and treatment can substantially improve quality of life and psychosocial functioning in affected patients.
journal_name
Rev Neuroljournal_title
Revista de neurologiaauthors
Tijero-Merino B,Gómez-Esteban JC,Zarranz JJsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-01-23 00:00:00pages
S17-20eissn
0210-0010issn
1576-6578pii
rn2008733journal_volume
48 Suppl 1pub_type
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