Abstract：
INTRODUCTION:Drug abuse is related to neurocognitive alterations linked to the functioning of several areas of the brain. The application of advanced neuroimaging techniques has allowed important advances to be made in research being conducted on why stable disorders are produced in the brain mechanisms responsible for the cognitive processes and on determining exactly what mechanisms drugs of abuse are involved in. AIM. To discuss the evidence available regarding the existence of alterations in the brains of consumers of the most prevalent drugs of abuse in western societies, that is, cocaine, opiates, ecstasy and cannabis. DEVELOPMENT:We review the main neuroimaging studies that have detected alterations in the brain structure and functioning of drug abusers. Likewise, we also discuss the findings from functional neuroimaging studies that have analysed patterns of brain activation associated to specific cognitive operations, such as memory or the executive functions. CONCLUSIONS:Drug abusers present significant alterations in extensive areas of the cortex (especially in the frontal and temporal cortex), subcortex (amygdala, hippocampus and insular cortex) and basal regions (striatum). These alterations are associated with abnormal patterns of activation during cognitive memory tasks, inhibition and decision-making. Cocaine abusers present more pronounced and generalised alterations in the brain. By combining neuropsychological and neuroimaging findings is has been shown that the motivational, memory and executive control processes can play a key role in rehabilitating drug addicts.
journal_name
Rev Neuroljournal_title
Revista de neurologiaauthors
Verdejo-García A,Pérez-García M,Sánchez-Barrera M,Rodriguez-Fernández A,Gómez-Río Msubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-04-01 00:00:00pages
432-9issue
7eissn
0210-0010issn
1576-6578pii
rn2006356journal_volume
44pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：INTRODUCTION:Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is an epileptic encephalopathy that starts in childhood and has an unknown pathophysiological mechanism. Studies on the progress of LGS reveal a poor prognosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS:A retrospective study of 1629 patients with epilepsy was conducted. Patients included in the s...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:The main objective of this study is to describe the different neuropsychological deficits associated to the consumption of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or 'ecstasy'), as well as the growing evidence that attributes these deficits to the selective axonal damage to serotoninergic cells brought about by th...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2005-07-16 00:00:00
abstract：:The most relevant data presented at the 29th Congress of the European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis (ECTRIMS), held in October 2013 in Denmark, were summarised at the sixth edition of the Post-ECTRIMS Expert Meeting, held in Madrid in October 2013, resulting in this review, to be published...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2014-09-16 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE:It is well known that in aged animals cognitive deficit occurs, homologous with that occurring in Alzheimer's disease in humans, and as has been shown in others species, this may be attenuated by administration of nerve growth factor (NGF). Therefore the basic aim of this study was to make an...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:INTRODUCTION. A large number of neurological diseases course with impairment of higher cognitive functions, their evaluation being important for diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic purposes. The main purpose of neuropsychological assessment is to identify behavioral, emotional and cognitive consequences of brain dy...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2014-12-16 00:00:00
abstract：:The medical history of vertigo must be updated to accommodate current knowledge. In 1998 a new cause of vertigo associated with a structural anomaly was reported: superior semicircular canal dehiscence. This condition causes vestibular and auditory disorders, which are frequently associated, and a well-directed medica...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2011-06-16 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To evaluate the efficiency of topiramate (TPM), an antiepileptic medication (AEM) which possesses multiple mechanisms of action and good pharmacokinetics, in the different types of childhood epilepsy and to make an appraisal of its value in migraines, bipolar disorder, eating disorders and neuropathic pain, accordi...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To present the first Spanish case, perhaps the first non-Canadian, with ataxia type Charlevoix-Saguenay. CLINICAL CASE:A patient with important psychomotor delay and non-progressive ataxia has been studied in our Service during the first years of life and his follow-up has been carried out until 30 years of ...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Although visual symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS) are very frequent, they are rarely related with treatment with interferon. This is the first case reported in the literature of retinopathy associated with subcutaneous interferon beta-1a, and the second related to interferons in MS. CASE REPORT:A 30-yea...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2005-04-16 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The ischemic stroke represents a very important cause of death in the hospitals. The clinic changes of this disease and the frequent morphological evidence in necropses motived the study of the clinicopathological concordance taking as reference two institutions of the secondary attention. The two medical ce...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2003-11-16 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Arterial gas embolism (AGE) is a main iatrogenic complication resulting from the use of invasive procedures. It is difficult to diagnose if it is not clinically suspected. CASE REPORT:A 67-year-old male patient, with a history of interventions involving a mitral prosthesis and a double aortocoronary bypas...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Attention deficit disorder with or without hyperactivity (ADHD) is characterised by the patients' inability to pay attention in non selective activities, hyperactivity that is difficult to inhibit, impulsiveness with failure to control their reactions and an unstable personality, which gives rise to diffic...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2004-03-16 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Primary peptidergic sensory neurons of the trigeminal ganglion that innervate the cerebral dura have been involved in the pathogenesis of headache, including the migraine. In addition, it is known that nociceptive central processes of the trigeminal neurons terminate in the caudal trigeminal nucleus. Moreo...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-04-16 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Atherosclerosis is a generalized vascular disorder which tends to be localized to specific arterial territories. At the bifurcation of the carotid artery there is a marked predisposition to form plaques of atheroma on the postero-external wall. This tendency is due to the kinematics of fluids and their par...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To analyze the importance of the neurotransmitter glutamate in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). DEVELOPMENT:Elements of the physiological glutamatergic neurotransmission are reviewed, such as the neuronal types that utilize it, glutamatergic receptors and their characteristics, and glutamate transport...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT:Impairments in language and communication are a defining feature of autism spectrum disorders. There is significant variability in linguistic abilities in autism spectrum disorders. They have difficulties with certain aspects of language such as semantics functions, syntax, prosody and phon...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2010-03-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that allows the different layers of the retina to be visualised in vivo. One of them is the so-called retinal nervous fibre layer (RNFL), which is made up of amyelinic axons from the ganglionic cells, and therefore part of the central nervous syste...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Between 5 and 48% of the patients with Behçet s disease have neurological abnormalities. In children, meningoencephalitis as an initial manifestation of the disease is not frequent. CASE REPORT:We present a four years old girl with a Behçet s disease. When she was six months of age, during an hospitalizat...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:The purpose of this study was to establish certain epidemiological characteristics of cerebral aneurysm surgery at the Hospital Regional Docente Vicente Corral Moscoso (HVCM), in the city of Cuenca. PATIENTS AND METHODS:We examined the medical records of the patients who were treated at the HVCM, in Cuenca, over ...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:The search for variables that mediate in the shift from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to dementia is currently a very active field of research. In this area, the term cognitive plasticity or modifiability can be of great interest. Proof of the existence of plasticity in the elderly with MCI and its possi...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To obtain better understanding of the neurophysiology of sleep and of depression, together with any relationship there might be between them. DEVELOPMENT:We review the mechanisms of action of the neurotransmitters involved in the sleep-waking cycle, and also the antidepressive drugs, concentrating on those ...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2000-01-16 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Generalised dystonia is an entity that does not usually respond well to medical treatment. Different surgical targets have therefore been used in the treatment of dystonia, including several thalamic nuclei or the internal globus pallidus. The subthalamic nucleus plays a fundamental role in the physiology ...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2003-09-16 00:00:00
abstract：:The evidence base from empirical studies is one of the elements, along with patients' preference and consideration of particular clinical state and circumstances, that should be taken into account in the process of clinical decision making. This paper provides an overview of the current evidence base for the treatment...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type：
doi：
更新日期：2017-02-24 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:Different patients exhibit wide variability in the way they respond to medications. Individual differences in drug response can result from environmental factors, as well as genetic determinants. In particular, inherited differences in the metabolism and disposition of drugs can have a great influence on the effica...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:The damage caused to the central nervous system by lightning can be immediate or delayed. Cerebrovascular accidents are usually an infrequent complication of lightning strikes. CASE REPORT:We report the case of a patient who was hit by lightning and then developed an acute bilateral intraparenchymatous ha...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2004-09-16 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Based on medullary traction as responsible for idiopathic syringomyelia (SMI), idiopathic scoliosis (ESCID), Arnold Chiari malformation (ARCH), platybasia (PTB), basilar impression (IMB), odontoid recess (RTO) kinking of the brain stem (KTC) and considering the medullary traction to be transmitted by the f...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Cerebral infarction (CI) can be classified aetiologically in several different ways using explicit diagnostic criteria. However, the extent to which these diagnostic criteria are actually implemented in clinical practice is unknown. Aims. The aim of this study was to analyse the management and use of diagn...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis is an inherited autosomal recessive lipid storage disease. Clinical features include tendon xanthomas, premature cataracts and progressive neurologic dysfunctions. Substantial elevation of serum cholestanol and urinary bile alcohols and their precursors establishes the diagno...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：TITLE:Hemorragia vitrea bilateral asociada a hemorragia pontomesencefalica: un caso extremo de sindrome de Terson. : ...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2018-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Moya-Moya disease is an obstruction of the internal carotids and of the afferent and efferent channels of Willis's polygon, which causes a collateral circulation, responsible for the typical angiographic image of a "puff of smoke" (Moya-Moya, in Japanese). Its etiology is unknown, and it might be congenital or acquire...
journal_title：Revista de neurologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00
